Defining Suicide
Suicidal Ideation
Suicidal Ideation in Young Children
SUICIDE INTENT SCALE
Psychology and Psychopathology of Suicide
NEUROBIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS LINKED TO SUICIDE RISK
MIND OF A SUICIDAL PERSON
The Media Presentation of Suicide
Case Studies
Prevention of Suicide
Prevention of Suicidal Ideation
Crisis Intervention Of Suicide
Treatment of Suicidal Ideation
World Suicide Prevention Day
BOOKS ON SUICIDE AND CRISIS INTERVNETION
This document provides an overview of suicide and its management. It discusses the history of attitudes towards suicide, definitions and types of suicidal behaviors. Key points include that suicide is a major public health problem globally, with risk factors including mental illness, previous attempts, and access to lethal means. Treatment involves psychosocial support and pharmacotherapy. Prevention strategies target high-risk groups and aim to reduce access to lethal methods.
This document defines key terms related to suicide and parasuicide. It then provides epidemiological data on suicide rates globally and in India. The highest rates in India are reported in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. Puducherry has the highest national rate. The document also discusses risk factors, methods, stressors, and the relationship between suicide and mental illness. Major risk factors include mood disorders, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and personality disorders.
Posttraumatic Growth: From Surviving to Thriving Laura M. Kearney
This document provides information on posttraumatic growth (PTG), which refers to positive psychological changes that can occur as a result of struggling with highly challenging life crises or traumatic events. PTG is different from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in that it involves experiencing personal benefits from adversity, rather than only negative effects. The document discusses common areas of growth with PTG, factors that contribute to it, strategies for developing resilience and PTG, testimonials and resources for learning more.
The document discusses several definitions of abnormality including statistical deviation from norms, failure to function adequately, and deviation from ideal mental health. It also evaluates these definitions. Mental disorders like phobias, depression, and OCD are explained using behavioral, cognitive, and biological approaches and the effectiveness of treatments like CBT, flooding, and drug therapy are evaluated.
This document discusses suicide as a major issue in today's society. It provides statistics showing that suicide rates have been rising, with every 80 seconds someone attempting suicide and every 100 minutes a life lost to suicide. Teen suicide in particular has become a major concern, and social media sometimes glamorizes the idea of suicide. The document explores different theories of suicide and types including egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic suicide. It examines common reasons for suicide such as depression, hopelessness, perfectionism, regrets, trauma, mental illness and bullying. The impact of suicide on families and society is also discussed. The document concludes by providing tips for suicide prevention such as talking to someone, responding quickly in a crisis
The document discusses suicide as a major public health problem, with nearly 1 million people worldwide committing suicide each year. It notes that India reported about 381 suicides daily in 2019, marking a 3.4% increase from 2018. The document then discusses factors that can contribute to suicide risk like depression, schizophrenia, addiction, family history, isolation, unemployment, and acute life events. It also outlines warning signs and discusses approaches to prevention, intervention, and responsible reporting on suicide.
DBT was developed by Marsha Linehan for those with borderline personality disorder and self-harming behaviors. It combines standard cognitive-behavioral techniques with acceptance-based strategies and mindfulness. DBT therapy includes individual sessions, skills training groups, telephone coaching, and therapist consultation meetings. The goal is to decrease harmful behaviors while increasing functional coping skills through commitment to the treatment and its four stages: pre-therapy commitment, therapy, ending therapy, and post-therapy.
This document provides an overview of suicide and its management. It discusses the history of attitudes towards suicide, definitions and types of suicidal behaviors. Key points include that suicide is a major public health problem globally, with risk factors including mental illness, previous attempts, and access to lethal means. Treatment involves psychosocial support and pharmacotherapy. Prevention strategies target high-risk groups and aim to reduce access to lethal methods.
This document defines key terms related to suicide and parasuicide. It then provides epidemiological data on suicide rates globally and in India. The highest rates in India are reported in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. Puducherry has the highest national rate. The document also discusses risk factors, methods, stressors, and the relationship between suicide and mental illness. Major risk factors include mood disorders, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and personality disorders.
Posttraumatic Growth: From Surviving to Thriving Laura M. Kearney
This document provides information on posttraumatic growth (PTG), which refers to positive psychological changes that can occur as a result of struggling with highly challenging life crises or traumatic events. PTG is different from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in that it involves experiencing personal benefits from adversity, rather than only negative effects. The document discusses common areas of growth with PTG, factors that contribute to it, strategies for developing resilience and PTG, testimonials and resources for learning more.
The document discusses several definitions of abnormality including statistical deviation from norms, failure to function adequately, and deviation from ideal mental health. It also evaluates these definitions. Mental disorders like phobias, depression, and OCD are explained using behavioral, cognitive, and biological approaches and the effectiveness of treatments like CBT, flooding, and drug therapy are evaluated.
This document discusses suicide as a major issue in today's society. It provides statistics showing that suicide rates have been rising, with every 80 seconds someone attempting suicide and every 100 minutes a life lost to suicide. Teen suicide in particular has become a major concern, and social media sometimes glamorizes the idea of suicide. The document explores different theories of suicide and types including egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic suicide. It examines common reasons for suicide such as depression, hopelessness, perfectionism, regrets, trauma, mental illness and bullying. The impact of suicide on families and society is also discussed. The document concludes by providing tips for suicide prevention such as talking to someone, responding quickly in a crisis
The document discusses suicide as a major public health problem, with nearly 1 million people worldwide committing suicide each year. It notes that India reported about 381 suicides daily in 2019, marking a 3.4% increase from 2018. The document then discusses factors that can contribute to suicide risk like depression, schizophrenia, addiction, family history, isolation, unemployment, and acute life events. It also outlines warning signs and discusses approaches to prevention, intervention, and responsible reporting on suicide.
DBT was developed by Marsha Linehan for those with borderline personality disorder and self-harming behaviors. It combines standard cognitive-behavioral techniques with acceptance-based strategies and mindfulness. DBT therapy includes individual sessions, skills training groups, telephone coaching, and therapist consultation meetings. The goal is to decrease harmful behaviors while increasing functional coping skills through commitment to the treatment and its four stages: pre-therapy commitment, therapy, ending therapy, and post-therapy.
This document discusses psychotic disorders and schizophrenia. It defines schizophrenia as a serious mental illness characterized by illogical thoughts, bizarre behavior, and experiences like hallucinations. The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia include symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. Positive and negative symptoms are assessed using scales. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications, including typical antipsychotics which block dopamine receptors, and atypical antipsychotics which are less likely to cause motor side effects but can increase risks like weight gain. Clozapine is reserved for treatment-resistant cases due to potential side effects. Patient counseling involves ensuring adherence to treatment and monitoring for side effects or relapse.
Suicide:Risk Assessment & InterventionsKevin J. Drab
Suicide: Risk and Interventions - a review of recent advances in suicidology and the use of Jobes' CAMS approach to suicide intervention and prevention.
This document discusses intimate partner violence (IPV), including definitions, prevalence, impacts, risk factors, assessment, treatment, and prevention. It defines IPV as physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner. National statistics in the US indicate 25% of women and 15% of men experience severe physical IPV, and 50% experience emotional IPV. IPV is associated with mental health issues like PTSD as well as physical health problems. Risk factors include childhood abuse and attachment issues. Treatment focuses on perpetrator intervention, couples therapy in some cases, and preventing revictimization through education and economic resources.
This document discusses suicide prevention training. It aims to help participants understand suicide, identify warning signs, know about risk and protective factors, understand myths, and know how to interact with and refer individuals at risk. Suicide is a problem worldwide and is often underreported. Warning signs include talking about hopelessness, meaninglessness, preparations, and giving away possessions. Risk factors include depression, stress, lack of support, impulsivity, and substance abuse. The document recommends the QPR method for gatekeepers: Question the individual, Persuade them to seek help, and Refer them to resources. It provides guidance on how to talk to those at risk in a non-judgmental way and get them help from mental health professionals.
Suicide, it’s importance, global burden, burden of suicide in India, theories of suicide, it’s prevention, psychiatric co-morbidities associated with suicide, its treatment
This document discusses counselling for terminal illness. A terminal illness is a disease that cannot be cured and is expected to result in death within a short period of time. Effective counselling requires the counsellor to understand each patient's unique experience, foster an egalitarian relationship, and build therapeutic alliance. Counsellors must utilize communication skills like listening, empathy, and assertiveness. To conduct effective counselling, counsellors should avoid jumping to conclusions, maintain objectivity, and use both open and closed-ended questions. Barriers like environmental factors, perceptions, and personal issues can interfere with effective counselling. Special consideration is needed when communicating with elderly patients, those with terminal illnesses or AIDS, the mentally ill, and children.
A PPT of Addiction Counseling by Dr Komal Verma.
Addiction counselors help patients overcome dependence on drugs, alcohol, and destructive behaviors like gambling. Counselors intervene when patients are often at their lowest points in their struggles with addiction. A certified drug and alcohol counselor may also work with the families of addicts to assist the healing process. These professionals may work in outpatient facilities, inpatient rehabilitation centers, halfway houses, or hospitals.
Professional Risk Assessment: Suicide and Self Harm RiskDr Gemma Russell
Presentation delivered to Lifeworks Australia as part of their professional development in 2013.
Specifically discusses how to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment and the implications for different levels of risk. Also highlights, ethical and legal responsibilities of the practitioner.
Existential psychotherapy focuses on fundamental human experiences like death, freedom, relationships and finding meaning. It views people as responsible for making their own choices and finding their identity. Key influences include Viktor Frankl's logotherapy, Rollo May who applied existential philosophy to therapy, and Irvin Yalom who emphasized concerns with death, freedom, isolation and meaninglessness. Existential therapy aims to help clients through increased self-awareness and by addressing anxiety from confronting human realities rather than eliminating it.
This document defines various terms related to suicide and discusses suicide from epidemiological, etiological, and clinical perspectives. It notes that over 90% of suicides are associated with psychiatric disorders like depression and substance abuse. Key risk factors include male gender, older age, social isolation, impulsivity, and a family history of suicide. A comprehensive suicide assessment evaluates psychiatric illnesses, risk and protective factors, and determines the level of risk to guide treatment and safety planning.
Viktor Frankl developed Logotherapy, also known as meaning-centered psychotherapy. Some key aspects of Logotherapy include:
1) It focuses on helping people find meaning and purpose in life as the main motivator.
2) Frankl believed that humans have free will and can choose their attitude even in difficult circumstances.
3) People can experience meaning through creative, experiential, or attitudinal values such as facing suffering with dignity.
4) Logotherapy aims to help people identify and remove barriers to finding meaning so they can lead more fulfilling lives.
1) Suicide risk is highest among older white males, Native Americans, and those with a history of mental illness or substance abuse.
2) Suicidal ideation and behavior exist on a continuum and are often due to an acute crisis that is temporary in nature or treatable psychiatric conditions.
3) A thorough evaluation including risk assessment tools is needed to determine appropriate treatment and precautions, such as hospitalization or outpatient follow up, for suicidal patients.
Assessing suicide risk as a spectrum is a great tool for healthcare providers. Weill Cornell Homecare Research Partnership developed an excellent program called Depression CAREPATH.
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology and various psychological disorders. It begins with definitions of abnormal behavior and discusses historical views including supernatural, biological, and psychological theories. Contemporary views see abnormal behavior as having biological, psychological, and social causes. The document outlines the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and discusses various anxiety disorders, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, dissociative disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, and more. It provides details on symptoms, causes, and characteristics for each.
This document discusses dual diagnosis, which refers to co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. It provides definitions of dual diagnosis from medical taxonomy and from Williams, who describes four types: primary mental illness leading to substance use; primary substance use leading to psychiatric issues; dual primary diagnoses occurring simultaneously; and common etiological factors leading to both. The document analyzes four case studies according to Williams' definitions and provides recommendations for practitioners, including engagement, assessment, avoiding assumptions, optimism, harm reduction, information sharing, and multi-agency collaboration.
This document provides information about delirium, including its definition, diagnosis, types, risk factors, causes, evaluation, management, and pharmacological treatment. Some key points:
- Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by an acute alteration in attention and cognition that develops over hours to days and fluctuates during the day.
- It is commonly misdiagnosed as a psychiatric illness but is usually due to an underlying medical condition. Proper diagnosis using tools like the Confusion Assessment Method is important for initiating appropriate medical intervention.
- Risk factors include older age, multiple medical conditions/medications, sensory deprivation, and certain medical conditions like dementia. Common causes are drugs (particularly narcotics
Stress can often lead to depression and anxiety in students. Studies show that 7% of men and 14% of women in their first year of post-secondary education meet the criteria for major depressive disorder, while 13% of men and 19% of women meet the criteria for a major anxiety disorder. Mindfulness techniques like body scanning, focused breathing, and observing thoughts non-judgmentally can help reduce rumination and improve mood by cultivating present-moment awareness of one's self, body, and environment. Regular mindfulness practice involves paying close attention to bodily sensations, sounds, and thoughts in a calm, accepting manner.
1) Psychodynamic therapies focus on accessing the unconscious mind through techniques like free association, word association, and dream interpretation.
2) The psychodynamic approach believes that psychological disorders stem from unconscious conflicts, often related to unresolved issues from childhood. Treatments therefore aim to reveal the unconscious and lift defense mechanisms.
3) Key psychodynamic treatments include psychoanalysis, which uses free association, word association, and dream analysis to gain insight into unconscious material from childhood. Psychoanalysis can be an effective long-term therapy but also carries risks of planting false memories.
This document provides an overview of suicide and homicide. It discusses Edwin Shneidman's foundational work in suicidology. It examines the scope of suicide globally and in the US. It reviews psychological, sociological, and interpersonal theories of suicide. It discusses characteristics of those who commit suicide and similarities between suicide and homicide. The document analyzes assessment approaches and intervention strategies, and notes particular considerations for older adults.
This document discusses suicide risk assessment. It defines suicide and related terms like parasuicide, suicide threat, suicide attempt, and suicidal ideation. It covers risk factors like mental health conditions, stressful life events, and access to lethal means. Theories of suicide are explained, like Durkheim's theories of egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic suicide. Suicide assessment involves evaluating a patient's suicidal ideation, intent, and plan in a systematic way. Management includes addressing risk factors and monitoring the patient.
This document discusses psychotic disorders and schizophrenia. It defines schizophrenia as a serious mental illness characterized by illogical thoughts, bizarre behavior, and experiences like hallucinations. The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia include symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. Positive and negative symptoms are assessed using scales. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications, including typical antipsychotics which block dopamine receptors, and atypical antipsychotics which are less likely to cause motor side effects but can increase risks like weight gain. Clozapine is reserved for treatment-resistant cases due to potential side effects. Patient counseling involves ensuring adherence to treatment and monitoring for side effects or relapse.
Suicide:Risk Assessment & InterventionsKevin J. Drab
Suicide: Risk and Interventions - a review of recent advances in suicidology and the use of Jobes' CAMS approach to suicide intervention and prevention.
This document discusses intimate partner violence (IPV), including definitions, prevalence, impacts, risk factors, assessment, treatment, and prevention. It defines IPV as physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner. National statistics in the US indicate 25% of women and 15% of men experience severe physical IPV, and 50% experience emotional IPV. IPV is associated with mental health issues like PTSD as well as physical health problems. Risk factors include childhood abuse and attachment issues. Treatment focuses on perpetrator intervention, couples therapy in some cases, and preventing revictimization through education and economic resources.
This document discusses suicide prevention training. It aims to help participants understand suicide, identify warning signs, know about risk and protective factors, understand myths, and know how to interact with and refer individuals at risk. Suicide is a problem worldwide and is often underreported. Warning signs include talking about hopelessness, meaninglessness, preparations, and giving away possessions. Risk factors include depression, stress, lack of support, impulsivity, and substance abuse. The document recommends the QPR method for gatekeepers: Question the individual, Persuade them to seek help, and Refer them to resources. It provides guidance on how to talk to those at risk in a non-judgmental way and get them help from mental health professionals.
Suicide, it’s importance, global burden, burden of suicide in India, theories of suicide, it’s prevention, psychiatric co-morbidities associated with suicide, its treatment
This document discusses counselling for terminal illness. A terminal illness is a disease that cannot be cured and is expected to result in death within a short period of time. Effective counselling requires the counsellor to understand each patient's unique experience, foster an egalitarian relationship, and build therapeutic alliance. Counsellors must utilize communication skills like listening, empathy, and assertiveness. To conduct effective counselling, counsellors should avoid jumping to conclusions, maintain objectivity, and use both open and closed-ended questions. Barriers like environmental factors, perceptions, and personal issues can interfere with effective counselling. Special consideration is needed when communicating with elderly patients, those with terminal illnesses or AIDS, the mentally ill, and children.
A PPT of Addiction Counseling by Dr Komal Verma.
Addiction counselors help patients overcome dependence on drugs, alcohol, and destructive behaviors like gambling. Counselors intervene when patients are often at their lowest points in their struggles with addiction. A certified drug and alcohol counselor may also work with the families of addicts to assist the healing process. These professionals may work in outpatient facilities, inpatient rehabilitation centers, halfway houses, or hospitals.
Professional Risk Assessment: Suicide and Self Harm RiskDr Gemma Russell
Presentation delivered to Lifeworks Australia as part of their professional development in 2013.
Specifically discusses how to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment and the implications for different levels of risk. Also highlights, ethical and legal responsibilities of the practitioner.
Existential psychotherapy focuses on fundamental human experiences like death, freedom, relationships and finding meaning. It views people as responsible for making their own choices and finding their identity. Key influences include Viktor Frankl's logotherapy, Rollo May who applied existential philosophy to therapy, and Irvin Yalom who emphasized concerns with death, freedom, isolation and meaninglessness. Existential therapy aims to help clients through increased self-awareness and by addressing anxiety from confronting human realities rather than eliminating it.
This document defines various terms related to suicide and discusses suicide from epidemiological, etiological, and clinical perspectives. It notes that over 90% of suicides are associated with psychiatric disorders like depression and substance abuse. Key risk factors include male gender, older age, social isolation, impulsivity, and a family history of suicide. A comprehensive suicide assessment evaluates psychiatric illnesses, risk and protective factors, and determines the level of risk to guide treatment and safety planning.
Viktor Frankl developed Logotherapy, also known as meaning-centered psychotherapy. Some key aspects of Logotherapy include:
1) It focuses on helping people find meaning and purpose in life as the main motivator.
2) Frankl believed that humans have free will and can choose their attitude even in difficult circumstances.
3) People can experience meaning through creative, experiential, or attitudinal values such as facing suffering with dignity.
4) Logotherapy aims to help people identify and remove barriers to finding meaning so they can lead more fulfilling lives.
1) Suicide risk is highest among older white males, Native Americans, and those with a history of mental illness or substance abuse.
2) Suicidal ideation and behavior exist on a continuum and are often due to an acute crisis that is temporary in nature or treatable psychiatric conditions.
3) A thorough evaluation including risk assessment tools is needed to determine appropriate treatment and precautions, such as hospitalization or outpatient follow up, for suicidal patients.
Assessing suicide risk as a spectrum is a great tool for healthcare providers. Weill Cornell Homecare Research Partnership developed an excellent program called Depression CAREPATH.
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology and various psychological disorders. It begins with definitions of abnormal behavior and discusses historical views including supernatural, biological, and psychological theories. Contemporary views see abnormal behavior as having biological, psychological, and social causes. The document outlines the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and discusses various anxiety disorders, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, dissociative disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, and more. It provides details on symptoms, causes, and characteristics for each.
This document discusses dual diagnosis, which refers to co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. It provides definitions of dual diagnosis from medical taxonomy and from Williams, who describes four types: primary mental illness leading to substance use; primary substance use leading to psychiatric issues; dual primary diagnoses occurring simultaneously; and common etiological factors leading to both. The document analyzes four case studies according to Williams' definitions and provides recommendations for practitioners, including engagement, assessment, avoiding assumptions, optimism, harm reduction, information sharing, and multi-agency collaboration.
This document provides information about delirium, including its definition, diagnosis, types, risk factors, causes, evaluation, management, and pharmacological treatment. Some key points:
- Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by an acute alteration in attention and cognition that develops over hours to days and fluctuates during the day.
- It is commonly misdiagnosed as a psychiatric illness but is usually due to an underlying medical condition. Proper diagnosis using tools like the Confusion Assessment Method is important for initiating appropriate medical intervention.
- Risk factors include older age, multiple medical conditions/medications, sensory deprivation, and certain medical conditions like dementia. Common causes are drugs (particularly narcotics
Stress can often lead to depression and anxiety in students. Studies show that 7% of men and 14% of women in their first year of post-secondary education meet the criteria for major depressive disorder, while 13% of men and 19% of women meet the criteria for a major anxiety disorder. Mindfulness techniques like body scanning, focused breathing, and observing thoughts non-judgmentally can help reduce rumination and improve mood by cultivating present-moment awareness of one's self, body, and environment. Regular mindfulness practice involves paying close attention to bodily sensations, sounds, and thoughts in a calm, accepting manner.
1) Psychodynamic therapies focus on accessing the unconscious mind through techniques like free association, word association, and dream interpretation.
2) The psychodynamic approach believes that psychological disorders stem from unconscious conflicts, often related to unresolved issues from childhood. Treatments therefore aim to reveal the unconscious and lift defense mechanisms.
3) Key psychodynamic treatments include psychoanalysis, which uses free association, word association, and dream analysis to gain insight into unconscious material from childhood. Psychoanalysis can be an effective long-term therapy but also carries risks of planting false memories.
This document provides an overview of suicide and homicide. It discusses Edwin Shneidman's foundational work in suicidology. It examines the scope of suicide globally and in the US. It reviews psychological, sociological, and interpersonal theories of suicide. It discusses characteristics of those who commit suicide and similarities between suicide and homicide. The document analyzes assessment approaches and intervention strategies, and notes particular considerations for older adults.
This document discusses suicide risk assessment. It defines suicide and related terms like parasuicide, suicide threat, suicide attempt, and suicidal ideation. It covers risk factors like mental health conditions, stressful life events, and access to lethal means. Theories of suicide are explained, like Durkheim's theories of egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic suicide. Suicide assessment involves evaluating a patient's suicidal ideation, intent, and plan in a systematic way. Management includes addressing risk factors and monitoring the patient.
Suicide: Risk Assessment and InterventionsKevin J. Drab
This document provides definitions and information about suicide risk assessment and interventions. It begins by defining key terms like suicide, suicide attempt, indirect suicide, parasuicide, self-harm, and suicidal ideation. It then discusses components of suicide assessment, including evaluating psychiatric illnesses, history, individual strengths/vulnerabilities, psychosocial situation, and suicidality/symptoms. The document also outlines categories of suicide risk and lists standardized screening tools that can be used in suicide risk assessment.
Self destructive behaviors and survivors of suicidesbuffo
This document discusses self-destructive behavior and suicide. It defines self-destructive behavior and explains that it is often a form of self-punishment or learned behavior. It then lists common types of self-destructive behaviors like self-harm, substance abuse, and risky behaviors. The document discusses myths and facts related to suicide and explains the common elements, emotions, and cognitive states involved in suicidal thoughts and acts. It also discusses the impact of suicide on survivors and how to help survivors cope and heal from the suicide of a loved one.
Suicide Risk Assessment and Interventions - no videosKevin J. Drab
An in depth presentation of the current information known about suicide and the most effective interventions we currently have. If you are unclear about how to handle suicidal behavior or what are the more research-based approaches this PPT will be an excellent review for you. I have been training clinicians in Suicidology for over 20 years and have always stayed on top of the latest research and literature.
Group members discussed suicide causes and prevention. Suicide results from complex biological, genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. Major causes include depression, hopelessness, disappointment, and family problems. Verbal warning signs someone may commit suicide include statements like "I can't go on anymore" or "Everyone would be better off if I was dead." Most suicides are planned and preventable with help. Accepting life's difficulties and recognizing warning signs can help deal with suicidal emotions. Psychological therapy can cure suicide risk. Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem.
Mental illness is strongly connected to suicidal behavior. Many mental disorders increase suicide risk, especially depression which increases risk 20-fold. Between 27-90% of suicides are associated with mental illness. Risk is also high after hospitalization for suicidal behavior or affective disorders. To prevent suicide, it is important to teach youth that failure is okay and success comes from perseverance. Parents and communities should provide support to those struggling and help them address mental health issues.
This document summarizes notes about mental illness, specifically bipolar disorder. It discusses high suicide rates among those with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Firearms are a highly lethal method of suicide. The document outlines symptoms of bipolar disorder like suicidal thoughts, addictions, spending binges, and difficulty with relationships. It provides tips for managing bipolar disorder like maintaining stable routines, exercise, social support, and avoiding firearms.
The document discusses improving care for those experiencing mental health issues associated with suicidal behaviors. It provides statistics on suicide globally and in New Zealand. Key points for improving care include early intervention, treatment of mental illness, restricting access to lethal means, and educating the public to recognize signs and seek help. Reducing stigma and myths around suicide is also important.
This document discusses suicide and its management. It defines suicide and provides historical and epidemiological context. Key points include that 95% of those who commit or attempt suicide have a diagnosed mental disorder. Risk factors include psychiatric illnesses, loss, access to lethal means. Nursing interventions aim to ensure safety, allow expression of feelings, enhance coping skills and self-esteem, and provide counseling, education and social support. Evaluation assesses changes in mood, thinking and social engagement over time.
The document discusses suicide from sociological, psychological, and biological perspectives. It provides definitions for key suicide-related terms like suicide attempt, aborted attempt, ideation, and intent. It examines theories on the causes and risk factors of suicide, including sociological theories on social integration and disorganization, psychological theories on mourning/melanchia and accumulated trauma, and biological theories on neurotransmission and genetics. Interpersonal-psychological theory and the diathesis-stress model are described. Methods of assessing suicide risk through clinical evaluation and estimating risk levels are outlined.
This document provides information on psychiatric emergencies and suicide. It discusses that psychiatric emergencies require immediate attention when a patient's life is threatened by conditions like suicide, homicidal thoughts, or inability to care for oneself. Common psychiatric emergencies include mood disorders, substance abuse, personality disorders, and psychoses. The document then focuses on suicide, outlining risk factors, methods, assessment of risk, and management of suicidal patients. It discusses the biological, psychological, and sociological factors that may contribute to suicide.
The document discusses social pathology and suicide. It defines social pathology as unhealthy conditions in society and discusses factors like poverty, crime, and old age that can increase social problems. It then discusses suicide in depth, defining it, looking at global and Indian statistics on suicide, risk factors like psychiatric illnesses and life stressors, methods of assessment, theories of suicide, and prevention strategies.
This document discusses the concepts of psychopathy and sociopathy by examining their origins and different types. It explains that psychopaths are born with underdeveloped brain parts related to impulse control and emotion regulation. Sociopaths have a weak or undeveloped conscience and are not ashamed by the same things normal people would be. Common sociopaths enjoy bending rules and have active sex lives, but don't do well in school or careers. The document also discusses how psychopaths and sociopaths differ from those diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
The document discusses understanding suicide and its risk factors. It defines suicide as death by self-inflicted and intentional injury. Each suicide leaves an average of six to ten survivors who are deeply affected. The search for answers about a suicide is difficult, as some details may never be known. Suicide risk can affect all demographics and is often due to feelings of burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and an acquired capacity for self-harm. Warning signs include hopelessness, withdrawal, and talking about suicide. Common misconceptions are dispelled and further reading is recommended to better understand suicide.
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Understanding suicide and Crisis Intervention
1. UNDERSTANDING
S U I C I D E
“Hope now,-not health,nor cheerfulness,
Since they can come and go again,
As often one brief hour witnesses,-
Just Hope has Gone forever.”
-EDWARD THOMAS
Muskan Hossain
Oindrila Gupta
Anandi Bhattacharya
Zeeyan Islam
2. INTRODUCTION
We have all felt it, we have all meant it, we have all wanted the pain, the
utter misery, the sheer helplessness to end. We have always at some point
thought that death is easier than life.
But the reality is that most of us have survived thanks to our instinct to
life ( eros). Suicide a topic painful in itself but a necessity to be addressed
is something which is out there in the world conjuring up reasons and
experiences to end one’s own lifeand how to do it is a plethora of choices
from which each individual can choose. But then again is suicide really
the only option we have got?
Is the world really turning into such a place where ending one’s life is
better than seeking for help? Let’s find out.
3. Defining Suicide
One would not expect it to be easy to define or classify suicide and it is not.
Death by one’s own hand is far too much a final gathering of unknown
motives, complex psychologies and uncertain circumstance-for the definition
of suicide to stay locked within the categories chipped out by scientists or
philosophers.
Suicide is defined by Disease Control and Prevention (an agency of the United
States Public Health Service) as a “death from injury,poisoning, or suffocation
where there is evidence (explicit or implicit ) that the injury was self inflicted
and that the decedent intended to kill himself/herself.”
World Health Organization provides an even simpler definition, “a suicidal act
with a fatal outcome” where suicidal act is defined as “self injury with varying
degrees of lethal intent”
4. Suicide Notes- an obvious starting point- often
promise more than they deliver. It would seem that
nothing could be closer to the truth of suicide than
letters left behind; but this is not the case; our
expectations of how we think people should feel and
act facing their own deaths are greater than the
reality of what they do and why they do. 4000 years
ago, an Egyptian wrote out of despair a poem-now
in Berlin Museum, is thought by British Psychiatrist
Chris Thomas to be the first suicide note extant and
he believes it reflects the ruminations of a deeply
depressed, probabaly psychotic mind. Many suicide
notes are short and may give only an explicit
warning to those who are likely to find the bodies:
“BE CAREFUL.Cyanide gas in the bathroom”, Do
not enter. Call Paramedics”. The reasons given for
suicide are often vague and allude to cumulitive pain
and weariness- “I could not bear it any longer, “I am
tired of living”, There is no point in going on”-
without going into further details.
5. Suicidal Ideation
SUICIDE is the anchor point on a continuum of suicidal thoughts and behaviour. This
continuum is one that ranges from risk taking behaviours at one end, extends through
different degrees and types of suicidal thinking and ends with suicide attempts and
suicide. Suicidal Ideation which is to say thinking about suicide is more amenable to
inquiry and measurement. In an early community based study of suicidal thinking and
behaviours, University of Cambridge, psychiatrist Gene Paykel and his colleagues
interviewed more than 7000 people in Connecticut. The results gave a public face to what
had been very private thoughts. More than 10% said that at some point in their lives, they
had felt that “life is not worth living”. 1 out of 20 people had thought about taking his/her
life, seriously. 1 person in 100 had attempted suicide. Two other studies of American High
school students reported that more than 50% of New York high school students reported
that they had “thought of killing themselves” and 20% of Oregon high school students
described a history of suicidal thinking of varying degrees of severity.
6.
7. Suicidal Ideation in Young Children and Why are Parents Unaware About Them?
Cynthia Pfeffer, a child Psychiatrist at Cornell University,
finds that more than 10% of a sample of “normal” school
children with no history of psychiatric illness report
suicidal impulses, One of the children in her study, a 10
year old girl described her thinking painfully:
“I often think of killing myself. It started when i was almost
hit by a car. Now, i want to kill myself. I think of stabbing
myself with knife. When Mom yells at me, I think she
doesn't love me. I worry a lot about my family. Mom is
always depressed and sometimes she says she will die soon.
My brother becomes very angry, often for no reason. He
tried to kill himself last year and had to go to hospital.
Mom was also in hospital once, I worry a lot about my
family. I worry that if something happens to them, no one
will take care of me. I feel sad about this.”
● Parents Seriously underestimates
the extent of depression in their
children.
● It is difficult for parents to believe
that young children are in such
pain as to wish to die, yet many
children are.
● They are unaware about mental
health and also believes that
mental health can only affect older
people and not young children.
● They label “odd” behaviours of
children as attention seeking
tactics.
● They believe that “with time it will
automatically go away”
● Children don't want to disclose
their feelings to their family
because they often feel that their
parents will not understand them.
8. The Borders between thinking, acting, and fatal
action are more tenuous, uncertain, and dangerous
than any of us would like to believe; this Robert
Lowell captured well in his final verses of
“Suicide”:
“Do I deserve Credit
For not having tried Suicide-
Or am i afraid
The exotic act
Will make me blunder,
Not knowing error
Is remedied by practice,
as our first home-photographs,
Headless, half-headed, tilting
Extinguished by flashbulb?”
9. SUICIDE INTENT SCALE
A Suicide Attempt Scale was Developed by Aaron T. Beck and his colleagues at the University of
Pennsylvania for use with patients who attempt suicide but survive, It provides an idea regarding intent
and suicide planning.
10. Psychology and Psychopathology of Suicide
Difficulties in life merely precipitate a suicide, they do not cause it.
Acute Psychiatric Illness is the single most common and dangerous trigger
of suicide. There are many reasons to believe that stressful events might
bring on or worsen a psychiatric illness. If the underlying psychiatric illness
or biological predisposition is severe enough such events may well play a
role in suicide as well.
(for most cases these come in play together; although always these reasons
together donot contribute to suicide; exceptions always prevail)
The awareness of the damage done by severe mental illness- to the
individual and himself and to others- and fears that it may return again
play a decisive role in many suicides. Those patients with Schizophrenia
who are more educated and who demonstrate greater insight into the
nature of their illness are more likely to kill themselves. There is a terror of
becoming a chronic patient - terrible loss of dreams and inescapable
damage done to friends, family and self.
Negative Life Events X Stress (burn out stage) X
Psychiatric Illness X Precipitating Factor = Suicide
12. Freud’s Theory
Karl
Menninger’s Theory
Suicide represents aggression
turned inward against an
introjected, ambivalently
cathected
love object. Freud doubted
that there would be a suicide
without an earlier repressed
desire
to kill someone else.
In "Man against
Himself", conceived of suicide as inverted
homicide because of a patient’s anger toward
another person. This retroflexed murder is either
turned inward or used as an excuse for
punishment. He also described a self-directed
death instinct (Freud’s concept of Thanatos)
plus three components of hostility in suicide: the
wish to kill, the wish to be killed, and the
wish to die.
Recent
Theories
The suicidal patients most likely to act
out suicidal fantasies may have lost a
love object or received a narcissistic
injury, may experience overwhelming
affects like rage and guilt, or may
identify with a suicide victim.
The most frequently discussed
personality traits associated
with suicide are impulsivity, aggression,
pessimism, and negative affectivity,
which all seem to increase the risk for
suicide.
Karl Menninger
13. MIND OF A SUICIDAL PERSON
● Their thinking is paralyzed.
● Their options appear spare or nonexistent.
● Their mood is despairing.
● Hopelessness permeates their entire mental
domain.
● The future cannot be separated from the
present and the present is painful beyond
solace. (comprehension)
● People seem to be able to bear or tolerate
depression as long as there is the belief that
things will improve. If that belief cracks or
disappears, suicide becomes the option of
choice.
Sense of Unmanageable events +
Hopelessness + Invasive negativity about
future = warning signs of suicide
14. The Statistics
Suicide is responsible for more
deaths than malaria, breast cancer,
war or even homicide, according to
WHO.
As per World Health Organisation’s
report in 2016, India had the highest
suicide rate in the South-East Asian
region.
India’s suicide rate (16.5) was higher
than the rate of its geographic region
(13.4) and the rate of its income group
(11.4).
15. ● Globally 800,000 people die from suicide
every year – that’s twice the number from
homicide.
● 1.4% of global deaths in 2017 were from
suicide. In some countries, this share is as
high as 5%.
● Globally, the suicide rate for men is twice
as high as for women. In many countries
this ratio is even higher.
● Suicide rates from firearms are
particularly high in the US – 60% of
deaths from firearms result from suicide.
● Self-poisoning from pesticides have had a
large toll, particularly in low-to-middle
income countries. Bans on some pesticides
have been effective in reducing suicide
rates.
16. The Media Presentation of Suicide
An important aspect of the presentation of suicide in the media is that it usually oversimplifies the
causes, attributing the act to factors such as financial catastrophes, broken relationships, or academic
failure (e.g. in examinations). The most common and dominating factor leading to suicide, mental
illness, is often overlooked. The impact of the media on suicidal behaviour seems to be most likely
when a particular method of suicide is specified, especially in graphic detail, when the story is
reported or portrayed dramatically and prominently along with visual representations of the
recently deceased, and when suicides of celebrities are reported.
Chester Bennington Ernest Hemingway
Sushant Singh Rajput
Jiah Khan
17. WHY DID WE ADD THE SEGMENT ON NEWS?
BECAUSE UNFORTUNATELY CERTAIN ASPECTS OF NEWS COVERGAE CAN
PROMOTE SUICIDE CONTAGION. What are they?
● Presenting Simplistic explanations for suicide.
● Engaging in repetitive,ongoing or excessive reporting of suicide in the news
● Presenting pictures of the site of Suicide
● Providing sensational coverage of suicide
● Reporting “how-to” descriptions of suicide
● Glorifying suicide or persons who commit suicide can be triggering for some people at
risk.
18. Evidence suggests that suicide rates
can increase following the suicide
of a prominent celebrity or peer,
sometimes known as suicide
contagion. A study reported a 10%
increase in U.S. suicides in the
months following the suicide of
comedian Robin Williams, who
died in August 2014. It was found
that the data supported an
increased number of suicides
resulting from media accounts of
suicide that romanticize or
dramatize or sensationalize the
description of suicidal deaths.
A study conducted in Hong Kong in
2017 found that the age, gender, and
method of the suicides were largely
reported correctly (> 70%) but
accounts of risk factors were seldom
accurate (< 46%). Specifically, suicide
risk factors such as being unemployed,
having a history of suicide attempts,
and lacking social support were
misreported by over 70% of the
articles.
Robin WIlliams
19. Case Study: Sylvia Plath
Sylvia Plath was one of the most renowned poets in America in the twentieth century. Although she only lived a life
spanning 30 years, she composed innumerable poems and short stories. However, she only wrote one novel in her
lifetime, The Bell Jar. She was diagnosed with depression when she was 20 years old. Although she was not diagnosed
with bipolar disorder, it is suspected that she experienced hypomanic episodes during the course of her depression. The
following are brief details of the factors that may have contributed to her diagnosis, the multiple tries to end her life, and
her final suicide attempt, at which she succeeded.
Plath’s first ‘medically documented’ attempt: overdose on pills in mother’s cellar; Aug 1953
Possible precipitating factor/s: Vexation due to repeatedly being denied a meeting with Welsh poet Dylan Thomas, whom
she claimed to ‘love more than life itself’; Denied admission to Harvard Writing Seminar
Plath’s second attempt: drove her car over the side of the road into the river, Jun 1962
Possible precipitating factor/s: Miscarriage of second pregnancy; An episode of domestic violence prior to miscarriage
Plath’s third and final attempt: died of carbon monoxide poisoning as a result of putting her head far into the gas oven;
Feb 1963
Possible precipitating factor/s: prolonged depressive episode lasting for over 6 months, marked by constant agitation,
suicidal thoughts, inability to cope with daily life, weight loss;
20. Dying
Is an art, like everything else.
I do it exceptionally well.
I do it so it feels like hell.
I do it so it feels real.
I guess you could say I’ve a call.
(from Sylvia Plath’s poem, “Lady Lazarus”)
21. ANALYSIS OF SYLVIA PLATH’S CASE AND CRISIS INTERVENTION WHICH SHOULD HAVE BEEN DONE
● Father was authoritarian.
● Father died when she was 8 years old.
● Being denied a meeting with Welsh poet Dylan Thomas, whom she claimed to love.
● Denied admission to Harvard Writing Seminar
● Was depressed and tried suiciding at the age of 19..
● Marriage was having problems because of her husband’s infidelity and plath’s
mental illness.
● Miscarriage during second pregnancy.
● Reports of domestic violence.
● Second attempt of suicide.
● Her husband left her for another woman.
● She was left with two children to care for alone.
● Third suicide attempt lead to her deaath.
Sylvia Plath, five years before her suicide described the seeping, constricting side of
her depression: “I have been and am battling depression “, she wrote in her journal.
“I am now flooded with despair,almost hysteria, as if i were smothering. As if a great
muscular owl were sitting on my chest, its talons clenching and constricting my
heart.”
What could help her?
● Her husband who
knew about her
mental illness but did
not help her in
getting proper
treatment.
● Her poems and work
clearly stated about
her mental illness
and suicidal attempts
yet no one (friends,
family,colleagues,
followers) understood
her cry for help.
● Before death she had
written series of letter
to a
friend(psychiatrist).
22. 1ST CASE OF STUDENT SUICIDE IN INDIA DUE TO COVID’19 EDUCATION CRISIS
The case occurred in Kerala ( India) and was reported on June 2 ( The Hindu, 2020).
An educationally gifted 15 year old girl in Grade X ( awarded by her school for her
academic brilliance ) committed suicide because she was unable to attend online
classes or watch television lessons because she had no access to a smartphone!
Her father was a day labourer but had not earned any money for two months due to
lockdown and the family was in extreme financial poverty. Acc. to media reports, she
was worried that her academic performance would be affected because she was not
being able to do the lessons for quite a long time. Also, any sort of accessibility seemed
futile due to her family’s condition. Thus, becoming depressed she took her own life.
Though, there are other student suicides which have been reported ( Thakur and Jain,
2020), still this was the first case where the main reason for suicide was due to lack of
acess to technology and also due to the extreme economic problems which led to the
fragile state of the girl’s mind.
23. DEEPER ANALYSIS OF THE CASE AND CRISIS INTERVENTION
ANALYSIS:
● Online learning modules and technology
are not available for all.
● Mental health of such students who don’t
have access to online learning is of great
concern. ( Sahu, 2020)
● Jotting down the main crisis situations for
the above mentioned girl’s case:
1. Due to lack of accessibility to online
education, doubts related to her own
ability as a good academic student started
to creep in.
2. Economic problems added to the already
fragile state of the girl’s mind
3. Not being able to talk or express her
situations thinking that no one would
care led to depression and ultimately to
suicide.
CRISIS INTERVENTION:
● Those running academic institutions must be
made aware of how many student’s families
are vulnerable and can’t afford education
online.
● The girl was academically intelligent in this
case, but in case of those with lesser
academic ability must have some sort of
mentorship under an educator whom they
can contact via telephone.
● Alternate methods such as recording of
videos, making presentations and documents
can be used.
● Talking to one’s peers about the situation
and the peer alerting the academic staff and
the family is also a major intervention
strategy that could possibly reduce further
cases like this.
24. Suicide among Mental Health Practitioners
A high suicide rate among psychiatrists (58 to 65/100,000 compared with that of the general
population, 11/100,000) has been reported by the following: Freeman, Blachly et al
Their reasons are no different than the general population
although they are more emotionally and mentally
exhausted as they are on the verge of burnout.
The cases they see on the daily basis are heavy and
emotional which leaves an impact on them.
Researchers find that the best way to cope are:
● Self care. Taking time from their work is hard but a
necessary step when things get overwhelming.
● Seeking treatment and therapies themselves.
● A self help group among colleagues weekly helps in
sharing problems.
25. Signs Someone is contemplating Suicide
(There is always a sign, a cry of plea which we often miss)
1. Severe sadness or moodiness: suddenly crying or becoming angry, having
“emotional breakdowns”
2. Hopelessness: Not doing their usual work or their professional work or doing
with little to no interest.
3. Severe Sleep Problems
4. Sudden calmness: Suddenly becoming calm after a period of depression or
moodiness can be a sign that the person has made a decision to end their life.
5. Making preparations: This might include visiting friends and family members,
giving away personal possessions, making a will, putting out huge amount food
for their pets. Some people will write a note before taking their own life. Some
will buy a firearm or other means like poison.
6. Talking about Suicide Indirectly: Something like “if i go away will you miss me?”
or “What if i was never born?”
7. Sudden loss or any traumatic event.
8. Withdrawal and wanting to stay alone.
9. Suddenly into substance use or increased substance use.
26. IT IS BETTER TO BE SAFE THAN TO BE SORRY.
PRECAUTION IS BEST BECAUSE THERE IS NO CURE.
LISTEN TO YOUR CHILDREN,PARENTS , FRIENDS AND YOUR DEAR AND NEAR ONES.
GUILT LIVES FOREVER.
28. The National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association, Chicago, makes the following specific
recommendations to family members and friends who believe someone they know is in danger of
committing suicde:
1. Don’t Leave the person alone until you are sure they are hands of competent professionals.
2. Take your friend or family members seriously.
3. Stay Calm but don’t underact.
4. Involve other people. Don’t try to handle the crisis alone or jeopardize your own health or safety.
5. Contact the person’s psychiatrist, therapist, crisis intervention team, or others who are trained to
help.
6. Express Concern.
7. Listen attentively. Maintain eye contact. Use body language such as moving close to the person
or holding his or hand, if it is appropriate.
8. Acknowledge the person’s feelings. Be Empathetic, not judgemental. Do not relieve the person of
responsibility for his or her actions.
9. Reassure. Stress that suicide is a permanent solution to temporary problems. Provide hope.
Remind your friend or family member that there is help and things will get better.
10. Don’t promise confidentiality. You may need to speak to your loved one’s doctor in order to
protect the person. Don’t make promises that would endanger your loved one’s life.
29. AS PARENTS AND TEACHERS HOW CAN WE SAVE OUR CHILDREN FROM REACHING A POINT OF
SUICIDAL IDEATION?
1. If we ourselves are going through any mental illness we must seek immediate help because children
understand our mood and miseries more than we think so.
2. We must create a safe space with the children so they can tell us all their worries without apprehension.
3. We must never judge them for even of their smallest of problems instead give them an empathetic hearing.
4. Surround them with love and nurture and always keep a healthy communication.
5. Make them realise that their life is above all the material aspects like studies,money etc.
30. Crisis
Intervention
Of Suicide
If living alone they must be
brought back to family or
any care facility.
Make them realise that
suicide is a temporary
solution.
Let them talk to you and
try exhausting them off
their energy.
Call their doctor/therapist
immediately; usually
medicines are given to calm
them down.
Try using body language
like holding them or
hugging them if possible.
If the person is in a
isolated place call the
police for help.
Be empathetic and try
instilling hope in them.
Call or Inform anyhow a family
member/friend/anyone near to
be physically present with the
person.
31. Pharmacotherapy Ideation and of Suicidal
Behaviour
1. ANTIDEPRESSANTS
2. MOOD STABILIZERS
3. ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
4. BENZODIAZEPINES
Psychotherapeutic Approaches to
Suicidal Ideation and Behaviour
1. Cognitive-behavioural Therapies
2. Problem-solving Therapy
3. Cognitive Therapy
4. Outreach and Intensive
Therapies
General Hospital Management of
Suicide Ajtempters
1. IMMEDIATE MEDICAL
CARE
2. PSYCHIATRIC
ASSESSMENT
3. Psychiatric Inpatient
Treatment
4. Outpatient and
Community-based Care
Suicide Prevention in Schools
A. PSYCHO-EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAMMES (for
teachers,
parents,counsellors)
B. Identification of “Warning
Signs”
C. Teaching How to Respond
to the Suicidal Students
D. Destigmatization and
Encouraging Help-seeking
E. DIRECT CASE-FINDING
OR SCREENING
F. ACTIVE
INTERVENTIONS
Suicide Awareness Via Media
1. When a death by suicide
comes to news they could
bring a psychologist who
would talk about how to
understand signs and how to
help the person at risk.
2. Provide resources like suicide
helpline numbers.
32. “Suicide is an epidemic,
Signs of depression go overlooked
So if you’re depressed
Then you need to book a therapy session
Talk about your depression
And let a professional hear it”
-Bo Burnham
33. ASSOCIATED TERMS WITH SUICIDE
Parasuicidal Behavior
Parasuicide is a term introduced to
describe patients who injure themselves by
self-mutilation (e.g., cutting the skin), but
who usually do not wish to die. Studies
show that about 4 percent of all patients in
psychiatric hospitals have cut
themselves; the female-to-male ratio is
almost 3 to 1. Most persons who cut
themselves claim to experience no pain
and give reasons for this behavior such as
anger at themselves or others, relief of
tension. Most are classified as having
personality disorders and are significantly
more introverted, neurotic, and hostile
than controls.
Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide
Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide refer to
deliberate action taken with the intention of ending a
life, in order to relieve persistent suffering.
Euthanasia: A doctor is allowed by law to end a person’s
life by a painless means, as long as the patient and their
family agree.
Assisted suicide: A doctor assists a patient to commit
suicide if they request it.
“Intentionally helping a person commit suicide by
providing drugs for self-administration, at that person’s
voluntary and competent request.”
Voluntary: When euthanasia is conducted with consent.
Non-voluntary: When euthanasia is conducted on a
person who is unable to consent due to their current
health condition.
34.
35. ● We need to continue to research suicide and non-fatal suicidal behaviour, addressing both risk and protective
factors.
● We need to develop and implement awareness campaigns, with the aim of increasing awareness of suicidal
behaviours in the community, incorporating evidence on both risk and protective factors.
● We need to target our efforts not only to reduce risk factors but also to strengthen protective factor, especially
in childhood and adolescence.
● We need to train health care professionals to better understand evidence-based risk and protective factors
associated with suicidal behaviour.
● We need to combine primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
● We need to increase use of and adherence to treatments shown to be effective in treating diverse conditions;
and to prioritise research into effectiveness of treatments aimed at reducing self-harm and suicide risk.
● We need to increase the availability of mental health resources and to reduce barriers to accessing care.
● We need to disseminate research evidence about suicide prevention to policy makers at international, national
and local levels.
● We need to reduce stigma and promote mental health literacy among the general population and health care
professionals.
● We need to reach people who don't seek help, and hence don't receive treatment when they are in need of it.
● We need to ensure sustained funding for suicide research and prevention.
● We need to influence governments to develop suicide prevention strategies for all countries and to support the
implementation of those strategies that have been demonstrated to save lives.
P
R
I
O
R
I
T
I
E
S
36. SUICIDE HELPLINE NUMBERS IN INDIA
● iCall (TISS)- 9152987821
● Jeevan Aastha Helpline :1800 233 3330
● AASRA : 09820466726
● COOJ Mental Health Foundation : 0832-2252525
● VANDRAVELA FOUNDATION: 18602662345 and
+91-9999666555
● KIRAN MENTAL HEALTH ( GOVT ) - 18005990019
● FORTIS STRESS HELPLINE : +91-8376804102
38. CONCLUSION
“If to do were as easy as to say then chapels would be churches and poor men’s cottages will be
prince’s palaces” - Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare.
The importance of this quote is that when a person is really pushed to that limit where the end and
going over the edge seems the easiest thing to do, then in most cases words of wisdom or advice seem
futile.
However, with that being said it also does not mean that we shouldn’t give that effort to save someone
from ending their precious life. Times, specially during this Covid situation have worsened. If not
Covid, then some fungus, some natural calamity, political aggression etc are also rearing up their ugly
heads, but does that mean that it is the end of the world? Rather, I should ask, even if it is the end of
the world, is there really not a single reason why you want to stay alive?
And if the answer to the above question is Yes, then don’t just only seek help immediately but also
remember and acknowledge the fact, that suicide is easy, but survival is difficult! And it has always
been so.
39. Take a step back because you don’t know which
person,which book, which song oe which quote might save
you.
Talk To Someone.
Value Your life
Love Life
And if you are alive today then feel as if that is the highlight
of the day.
THANK YOU
TAKE CARE AND STAY SAFE