SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 17
Bristol Community College
Tahais Real-Martins M.Ed.
Coordinator of Academic Computing/Instructional Designer
Ceit De Vitto M.Ed.
Instructional Designer
Bristol Community College
Demographics:
Students
• 60% Female
• 40% Male
• Average age 26 to 32
• 3% Veterans
• 2% ESL
• 2% Dual Enrolled
2014 NEASC Self-Study Report Bristol Community College. (2014, January).
Retrieved March 25, 2014, from http://www.bristolcc.edu/events/selfstudy/
Full Time Faculty
• 68% Female
• 32% Male
• 21% Doctoral Degrees
Adjunct Faculty
• 52% Female
• 48% Male
• 11% Doctoral Degrees
How can Instructional Designers be
Change Agents?
Campbell, K., Schwier, R. A., & Kenny, R. F. (2009). The critical, relational
practice of instructional design in higher education: An emerging model of
change agency. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(5),
645-663. doi: 10.1007/s11423-007-9061-6
Interpersonal
• Learner Advocacy
• Faculty Development
• Building trust
• Community Building
Campbell, K., Schwier, R. A., & Kenny, R. F. (2009). The critical, relational practice of
instructional design in higher education: An emerging model of change agency. Educational
Technology Research and Development, 57(5), 645-663. doi: 10.1007/s11423-007-9061-6
Professional
• Ethical manner
• Act Professional
• Providing instructional advice
Institutional
• Culture
• Designer status to effect change
• Cultural Conflict
Societal
• Ethical Challenges
• Core values
Universal Instructional Design
1. Equitable Use
2. Flexibility in Use
3. Simple and intuitive use
4. Perceptible information
5. Tolerance for error
6. Low physical effort
7. Size and space for approach
and use
Burgstahler, S., & Cory, R.
(2008). Universal design in
higher education: From
principles to practice.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard
Education Press.
Social Justice
“I believe that education is the civil rights issue of our generation. And if you care about
promoting opportunity and reducing inequality, the classroom is the place to start. Great teaching
is about so much more than education; it is a daily fight for social justice.”
~ Secretary Arne Duncan, October 9, 2009
Mullenholz, G. (n.d.). Education Is social justice. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from
https://www.ed.gov/blog/2011/08/education-is-social-justice
“Justice and equal rights require fair process that offer equal
opportunities for successful purist of life, liberty, and happiness.”
(p.19)
• Equity v. Equality
• Historical disadvantages
• Human diversities
• Unique needs
Davis, T., & Harrison, L. M. (2013). Advancing social justice: Tools,
pedagogies, and strategies to transform your campus.
https://twitter.com/wwpinc/status/439524703913267200/photo/1
http://www.woundedwarriorproject.org/
Created
with
Wordle
Case Study
Hi Tahais,
Please HELP! Here are some things that I do in my
classes I don’t know where to start.
• My students say that they cannot afford my text
books, I didn’t realize they total over $400.
• I still use a chalkboard and whiteboard
• I tend to talk throughout the whole class and I notice
that students use their cellphones, and look bored
• I don’t know how to use the Internet or help my
students to find other online resources
• Students don’t ask questions
• I am concerned about cheating For quizzes I tend to
use the same quiz with a hundred questions
• I have no make up test nor do I give extra time
• I give standard Feedback for all students
• I am also guilty of assuming that my students have
the same educational level, cultural knowledge,
language, and learning style.
So… how can you help Fred make his
course more accessible?
Break-out Session
• Groups of 5
• Each group will be provide with paper and markers
• Pick a group leader/recorder/presenter
• Create different ways to help Fred
References
2014 NEASC Self-Study Report Bristol Community College. (2014, January). Retrieved March 25, 2014, from
http://www.bristolcc.edu/events/selfstudy/
Bowe, F. (2000). Universal design in education: Teaching nontraditional students. Westport,, CT: Bergin & Garvey.
Burgstahler, S., & Cory, R. (2008). Universal design in higher education: From principles to practice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education
Press.
Campbell, K., Schwier, R. A., & Kenny, R. F. (2009). The critical, relational practice of instructional design in higher education: An
emerging model of change agency. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(5), 645-663. doi:
10.1007/s11423-007-9061-6
Davis, T., & Harrison, L. M. (2013). Advancing social justice: Tools, pedagogies, and strategies to transform your campus.
Mullenholz, G. (n.d.). Education Is social justice. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from https://www.ed.gov/blog/2011/08/education-
is-social-justice
Ouellett, M. L. (2004). Faculty development and universal instructional design. Equity & Excellence in Education, 37(2), 135-144. doi:
10.1080/10665680490453977
Zimmer, M. A. (2012). Universal Design in Higher Education: From Principles to Practice - Edited by Sheryl E. Burgstahler and Rebecca
C. Cory. Teaching Theology & Religion, 15(1), 89-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9647.2011.00769.x

More Related Content

What's hot

The Pandemic and Social Change: Ageism and Intersectional Disparities
The Pandemic and Social Change: Ageism and Intersectional DisparitiesThe Pandemic and Social Change: Ageism and Intersectional Disparities
The Pandemic and Social Change: Ageism and Intersectional Disparities
Bonner Foundation
 
LIBER conference: Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
LIBER conference: Toolkit for change diversifying library collectionsLIBER conference: Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
LIBER conference: Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
Emma Mires-Richards
 
Title: Social impact evaluations of digital youth work: tensions between visi...
Title: Social impact evaluations of digital youth work: tensions between visi...Title: Social impact evaluations of digital youth work: tensions between visi...
Title: Social impact evaluations of digital youth work: tensions between visi...
Alicja Pawluczuk
 
Cilip ILG:Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
Cilip ILG:Toolkit for change diversifying library collectionsCilip ILG:Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
Cilip ILG:Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
Emma Mires-Richards
 
Charleston conference: See yourself on the shelf: the role library collection...
Charleston conference: See yourself on the shelf: the role library collection...Charleston conference: See yourself on the shelf: the role library collection...
Charleston conference: See yourself on the shelf: the role library collection...
Emma Mires-Richards
 

What's hot (20)

The gender-less web (Clara Mancini)
The gender-less web (Clara Mancini)The gender-less web (Clara Mancini)
The gender-less web (Clara Mancini)
 
Putting Children First: Session 2.4.A Vicky Johnson - Youth creativity in the...
Putting Children First: Session 2.4.A Vicky Johnson - Youth creativity in the...Putting Children First: Session 2.4.A Vicky Johnson - Youth creativity in the...
Putting Children First: Session 2.4.A Vicky Johnson - Youth creativity in the...
 
The Pandemic and Social Change: Ageism and Intersectional Disparities
The Pandemic and Social Change: Ageism and Intersectional DisparitiesThe Pandemic and Social Change: Ageism and Intersectional Disparities
The Pandemic and Social Change: Ageism and Intersectional Disparities
 
Universities & Public Engagement
Universities & Public EngagementUniversities & Public Engagement
Universities & Public Engagement
 
Racial inequality in education
Racial inequality in educationRacial inequality in education
Racial inequality in education
 
Dr Janelle Chiasera discusses Developing an Institutional Equity Plan
Dr Janelle Chiasera discusses Developing an Institutional Equity PlanDr Janelle Chiasera discusses Developing an Institutional Equity Plan
Dr Janelle Chiasera discusses Developing an Institutional Equity Plan
 
Fighting Education Inequality
Fighting Education InequalityFighting Education Inequality
Fighting Education Inequality
 
LIBER conference: Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
LIBER conference: Toolkit for change diversifying library collectionsLIBER conference: Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
LIBER conference: Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
 
Title: Social impact evaluations of digital youth work: tensions between visi...
Title: Social impact evaluations of digital youth work: tensions between visi...Title: Social impact evaluations of digital youth work: tensions between visi...
Title: Social impact evaluations of digital youth work: tensions between visi...
 
Professor Joanne Goodell presents Performance Based Funding
Professor Joanne Goodell presents Performance Based FundingProfessor Joanne Goodell presents Performance Based Funding
Professor Joanne Goodell presents Performance Based Funding
 
Equity and equality in special education
Equity and equality in special educationEquity and equality in special education
Equity and equality in special education
 
Inequality Of Educational Opportunities
Inequality Of Educational OpportunitiesInequality Of Educational Opportunities
Inequality Of Educational Opportunities
 
IRWG Brochure 1408
IRWG Brochure 1408IRWG Brochure 1408
IRWG Brochure 1408
 
Office of diversity, inclusion and community engagement
Office of diversity, inclusion and community engagementOffice of diversity, inclusion and community engagement
Office of diversity, inclusion and community engagement
 
Dr. Katarina Norberg: Intercultural Education in Turbulent Times. Challenges ...
Dr. Katarina Norberg: Intercultural Education in Turbulent Times. Challenges ...Dr. Katarina Norberg: Intercultural Education in Turbulent Times. Challenges ...
Dr. Katarina Norberg: Intercultural Education in Turbulent Times. Challenges ...
 
Cilip ILG:Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
Cilip ILG:Toolkit for change diversifying library collectionsCilip ILG:Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
Cilip ILG:Toolkit for change diversifying library collections
 
TAUG: Tools for change diversifying library collections
TAUG: Tools for change diversifying library collectionsTAUG: Tools for change diversifying library collections
TAUG: Tools for change diversifying library collections
 
Educational Inequality and Social Class
Educational Inequality and Social ClassEducational Inequality and Social Class
Educational Inequality and Social Class
 
Building Better Library Outreach through Interdepartmental Collaboration
Building Better Library Outreach through Interdepartmental CollaborationBuilding Better Library Outreach through Interdepartmental Collaboration
Building Better Library Outreach through Interdepartmental Collaboration
 
Charleston conference: See yourself on the shelf: the role library collection...
Charleston conference: See yourself on the shelf: the role library collection...Charleston conference: See yourself on the shelf: the role library collection...
Charleston conference: See yourself on the shelf: the role library collection...
 

Similar to Understanding social justice through instructional design

Interprofessional Practice
Interprofessional PracticeInterprofessional Practice
Interprofessional Practice
Andrew Moore
 
Campus snapshot (summer intern program)
Campus snapshot (summer intern program)Campus snapshot (summer intern program)
Campus snapshot (summer intern program)
Jonathan Davis
 
Poster presentationfinal
Poster presentationfinalPoster presentationfinal
Poster presentationfinal
Andy1518
 
Poster presentationfinal
Poster presentationfinalPoster presentationfinal
Poster presentationfinal
Andy1518
 

Similar to Understanding social justice through instructional design (20)

The Context for Civic Learning and Engagement in Higher Education Today
The Context for Civic Learning and Engagement in Higher Education TodayThe Context for Civic Learning and Engagement in Higher Education Today
The Context for Civic Learning and Engagement in Higher Education Today
 
Decolonising DMU: towards the anti-racist University
Decolonising DMU: towards the anti-racist UniversityDecolonising DMU: towards the anti-racist University
Decolonising DMU: towards the anti-racist University
 
Immersion in Scholarship: Directors
Immersion in Scholarship: DirectorsImmersion in Scholarship: Directors
Immersion in Scholarship: Directors
 
mcsl
mcslmcsl
mcsl
 
Kilgore & Araújo: Improving Student Equity with Great Instructional Design
Kilgore & Araújo: Improving Student Equity with Great Instructional DesignKilgore & Araújo: Improving Student Equity with Great Instructional Design
Kilgore & Araújo: Improving Student Equity with Great Instructional Design
 
National Trends Affecting Community Engagement and Planning
National Trends Affecting Community Engagement and PlanningNational Trends Affecting Community Engagement and Planning
National Trends Affecting Community Engagement and Planning
 
Presentation 8.1
Presentation 8.1Presentation 8.1
Presentation 8.1
 
Service Learning Workshop
Service Learning WorkshopService Learning Workshop
Service Learning Workshop
 
Matthew Hora CCWT Intro_Internship Symposium_102319
Matthew Hora CCWT Intro_Internship Symposium_102319Matthew Hora CCWT Intro_Internship Symposium_102319
Matthew Hora CCWT Intro_Internship Symposium_102319
 
Diversity and Inclusion -Addressing the Issues
Diversity and Inclusion -Addressing the IssuesDiversity and Inclusion -Addressing the Issues
Diversity and Inclusion -Addressing the Issues
 
Introduction to Bonner High-Impact Initiative Learning Outcomes
Introduction to Bonner High-Impact Initiative Learning OutcomesIntroduction to Bonner High-Impact Initiative Learning Outcomes
Introduction to Bonner High-Impact Initiative Learning Outcomes
 
Expanding the Boundaries of Teaching and Learning in Family Science: Student...
Expanding the Boundaries of Teaching and Learning in Family Science: Student...Expanding the Boundaries of Teaching and Learning in Family Science: Student...
Expanding the Boundaries of Teaching and Learning in Family Science: Student...
 
Community Engagement: Conceptualizations, Evidence, and Campus Change for DeP...
Community Engagement: Conceptualizations, Evidence, and Campus Change for DeP...Community Engagement: Conceptualizations, Evidence, and Campus Change for DeP...
Community Engagement: Conceptualizations, Evidence, and Campus Change for DeP...
 
Interprofessional Practice
Interprofessional PracticeInterprofessional Practice
Interprofessional Practice
 
Campus snapshot (summer intern program)
Campus snapshot (summer intern program)Campus snapshot (summer intern program)
Campus snapshot (summer intern program)
 
Badges in HE, exploring the potential >>> presentation used for the TLC debate
Badges in HE, exploring the potential >>> presentation used for the TLC debateBadges in HE, exploring the potential >>> presentation used for the TLC debate
Badges in HE, exploring the potential >>> presentation used for the TLC debate
 
From pre service years to inservice years-delano-name2015
From pre service years to inservice years-delano-name2015From pre service years to inservice years-delano-name2015
From pre service years to inservice years-delano-name2015
 
Disrupting Higher Education
Disrupting Higher EducationDisrupting Higher Education
Disrupting Higher Education
 
Poster presentationfinal
Poster presentationfinalPoster presentationfinal
Poster presentationfinal
 
Poster presentationfinal
Poster presentationfinalPoster presentationfinal
Poster presentationfinal
 

Recently uploaded

QUATER-1-PE-HEALTH-LC2- this is just a sample of unpacked lesson
QUATER-1-PE-HEALTH-LC2- this is just a sample of unpacked lessonQUATER-1-PE-HEALTH-LC2- this is just a sample of unpacked lesson
QUATER-1-PE-HEALTH-LC2- this is just a sample of unpacked lesson
httgc7rh9c
 

Recently uploaded (20)

AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.ppt
AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.pptAIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.ppt
AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.ppt
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
 
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptxREMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
 
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptxHow to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
 
Economic Importance Of Fungi In Food Additives
Economic Importance Of Fungi In Food AdditivesEconomic Importance Of Fungi In Food Additives
Economic Importance Of Fungi In Food Additives
 
What is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptx
What is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptxWhat is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptx
What is 3 Way Matching Process in Odoo 17.pptx
 
Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111
Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111
Details on CBSE Compartment Exam.pptx1111
 
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdfUnit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
 
QUATER-1-PE-HEALTH-LC2- this is just a sample of unpacked lesson
QUATER-1-PE-HEALTH-LC2- this is just a sample of unpacked lessonQUATER-1-PE-HEALTH-LC2- this is just a sample of unpacked lesson
QUATER-1-PE-HEALTH-LC2- this is just a sample of unpacked lesson
 
VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA! .
VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA!                    .VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA!                    .
VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA! .
 
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
 
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx
21st_Century_Skills_Framework_Final_Presentation_2.pptx
 
OS-operating systems- ch05 (CPU Scheduling) ...
OS-operating systems- ch05 (CPU Scheduling) ...OS-operating systems- ch05 (CPU Scheduling) ...
OS-operating systems- ch05 (CPU Scheduling) ...
 
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptxHMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
 
OSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & Systems
OSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & SystemsOSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & Systems
OSCM Unit 2_Operations Processes & Systems
 
Wellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptx
Wellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptxWellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptx
Wellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptx
 
Our Environment Class 10 Science Notes pdf
Our Environment Class 10 Science Notes pdfOur Environment Class 10 Science Notes pdf
Our Environment Class 10 Science Notes pdf
 
NO1 Top Black Magic Specialist In Lahore Black magic In Pakistan Kala Ilam Ex...
NO1 Top Black Magic Specialist In Lahore Black magic In Pakistan Kala Ilam Ex...NO1 Top Black Magic Specialist In Lahore Black magic In Pakistan Kala Ilam Ex...
NO1 Top Black Magic Specialist In Lahore Black magic In Pakistan Kala Ilam Ex...
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
 
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptxExploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
 

Understanding social justice through instructional design

  • 1. Bristol Community College Tahais Real-Martins M.Ed. Coordinator of Academic Computing/Instructional Designer Ceit De Vitto M.Ed. Instructional Designer
  • 2. Bristol Community College Demographics: Students • 60% Female • 40% Male • Average age 26 to 32 • 3% Veterans • 2% ESL • 2% Dual Enrolled 2014 NEASC Self-Study Report Bristol Community College. (2014, January). Retrieved March 25, 2014, from http://www.bristolcc.edu/events/selfstudy/ Full Time Faculty • 68% Female • 32% Male • 21% Doctoral Degrees Adjunct Faculty • 52% Female • 48% Male • 11% Doctoral Degrees
  • 3. How can Instructional Designers be Change Agents? Campbell, K., Schwier, R. A., & Kenny, R. F. (2009). The critical, relational practice of instructional design in higher education: An emerging model of change agency. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(5), 645-663. doi: 10.1007/s11423-007-9061-6
  • 4. Interpersonal • Learner Advocacy • Faculty Development • Building trust • Community Building Campbell, K., Schwier, R. A., & Kenny, R. F. (2009). The critical, relational practice of instructional design in higher education: An emerging model of change agency. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(5), 645-663. doi: 10.1007/s11423-007-9061-6
  • 5. Professional • Ethical manner • Act Professional • Providing instructional advice
  • 6. Institutional • Culture • Designer status to effect change • Cultural Conflict
  • 8. Universal Instructional Design 1. Equitable Use 2. Flexibility in Use 3. Simple and intuitive use 4. Perceptible information 5. Tolerance for error 6. Low physical effort 7. Size and space for approach and use Burgstahler, S., & Cory, R. (2008). Universal design in higher education: From principles to practice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.
  • 9. Social Justice “I believe that education is the civil rights issue of our generation. And if you care about promoting opportunity and reducing inequality, the classroom is the place to start. Great teaching is about so much more than education; it is a daily fight for social justice.” ~ Secretary Arne Duncan, October 9, 2009 Mullenholz, G. (n.d.). Education Is social justice. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from https://www.ed.gov/blog/2011/08/education-is-social-justice
  • 10. “Justice and equal rights require fair process that offer equal opportunities for successful purist of life, liberty, and happiness.” (p.19) • Equity v. Equality • Historical disadvantages • Human diversities • Unique needs Davis, T., & Harrison, L. M. (2013). Advancing social justice: Tools, pedagogies, and strategies to transform your campus.
  • 14.
  • 15. Hi Tahais, Please HELP! Here are some things that I do in my classes I don’t know where to start. • My students say that they cannot afford my text books, I didn’t realize they total over $400. • I still use a chalkboard and whiteboard • I tend to talk throughout the whole class and I notice that students use their cellphones, and look bored • I don’t know how to use the Internet or help my students to find other online resources • Students don’t ask questions • I am concerned about cheating For quizzes I tend to use the same quiz with a hundred questions • I have no make up test nor do I give extra time • I give standard Feedback for all students • I am also guilty of assuming that my students have the same educational level, cultural knowledge, language, and learning style.
  • 16. So… how can you help Fred make his course more accessible? Break-out Session • Groups of 5 • Each group will be provide with paper and markers • Pick a group leader/recorder/presenter • Create different ways to help Fred
  • 17. References 2014 NEASC Self-Study Report Bristol Community College. (2014, January). Retrieved March 25, 2014, from http://www.bristolcc.edu/events/selfstudy/ Bowe, F. (2000). Universal design in education: Teaching nontraditional students. Westport,, CT: Bergin & Garvey. Burgstahler, S., & Cory, R. (2008). Universal design in higher education: From principles to practice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press. Campbell, K., Schwier, R. A., & Kenny, R. F. (2009). The critical, relational practice of instructional design in higher education: An emerging model of change agency. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(5), 645-663. doi: 10.1007/s11423-007-9061-6 Davis, T., & Harrison, L. M. (2013). Advancing social justice: Tools, pedagogies, and strategies to transform your campus. Mullenholz, G. (n.d.). Education Is social justice. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from https://www.ed.gov/blog/2011/08/education- is-social-justice Ouellett, M. L. (2004). Faculty development and universal instructional design. Equity & Excellence in Education, 37(2), 135-144. doi: 10.1080/10665680490453977 Zimmer, M. A. (2012). Universal Design in Higher Education: From Principles to Practice - Edited by Sheryl E. Burgstahler and Rebecca C. Cory. Teaching Theology & Religion, 15(1), 89-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9647.2011.00769.x