Understanding Photography by Deepak Vishnu Pawar
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This document provides an overview of photography, including how cameras and the human eye capture images, camera components and settings, techniques for taking different types of photos, and tips for landscape, portrait, wildlife, and other genres of photography. It discusses optical and digital principles such as aperture, shutter speed, ISO, exposure triangle, sensors, file types, and processing photos. Composition rules and exercises are presented to help improve photographic skills. References for further learning are also included.
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Understanding Photography by Deepak Vishnu Pawar
- 1. Understanding Deepak Pawar June, 2016 “ You don’t take a photograph, you make it.” - Ansel Adams (1902-84) A picture is worth a thousand words… Photography
- 2. Photo(n) Graph • Light (photons) • Photo(n) sensitive surface/material • Exposure to light (Control) • Window size • Duration • Material sensitivity • Recreation of the image
- 3. H.Y.S.W.Y.S. • Optical Physics • Cornea: Front element • Pupil: Aperture ring • Iris: Aperture control • Lens • Retina: Sensor • Macula: • ~6mm central area • Densest concentration of photo receptors. • Fovea =The central portion of the macula. Densely packed with only cone (color sensing) cells. • Vision • Field of view: 550 foveal, 1600 peripheral • 50 mm FF • Blind spot • Exercise – 1: Blind spot identification
- 4. H.Y.P.W.Y.S. • Eye is like a camera but vision is not like a photograph • Foveal vision vs Peripheral vision • 3D image processing – shadows & contrasts • 130mp equiv data – 6mp color, 124mp b/w • Exercise 2 – close eyes for a min • 1.2m fibers • Processed vision < 10%
- 5. Brain Influence • Exercise 3 – Selective attention test • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ahg6qcgoay4 • Perspective • What you want to see • Intention guides brain • Brain guides the eyes • The Scene • TheThoughts • The Emotions • TheValues
- 6. KnowYour Camera – Components • Lens • Aperture • Mirror • Pentaprism • Eyepiece • Shutter • Sensor
- 7. KnowYour Camera – Lens • Mount • Glass elements • Aperture ring • Auto-focus system • PrimeVS Zoom
- 8. KnowYour Camera – Sensor • Array of Micro Lenses • Colour Filters • Charge buckets • Signal Amplifiers • Sensor Sizes & Mega Pixels myth
- 9. KnowYour Camera – Sensor • Different Sensor Sizes
- 10. Photograph Attributes • Understanding Exposure • Aperture • DoF • Shutter Speed • Motion freeze vs blur • ISO • Noise • Focal Length • White Balance • Sharpness • Contrasts • Highlights/Shadows • Subject Focus EXPOSURE TRIANGLE Extent to which the light sensitive medium gets affected due to light.
- 11. Exercise 4: Exposure • Sunrise • Birds in Action • Waterfall • Day portrait • Night portrait • Milkyway Aperture Shutter ISO Narrow Med-High Low Wide High High Narrow Low Low Wide High Low Wide High Med-High Wide Bulb High
- 12. KnowYour Camera – Controls • Camera controls • Mode Dial • M: Full Manual • A/Av: Aperture Priority • S/Tv: Shutter/Time Priority • P: Program • Exposure Lock: (AE-L/AF-L) / * • AF Points & Metering: Manual Modes
- 13. KnowYour Camera – Menu • Camera Menu • Shutter speed • Aperture • ISO • Exposure Level • WB • Drive Mode • Metering • AF Mode
- 14. KnowYour Camera – Settings/Effects Shutter SpeedApertureWhite Balance
- 15. KnowYour Camera – Controls • Lens controls • Auto focus • Image Stabilizer • Mount/Unmount • Flash • DoF Preview
- 16. BasicTechniques • Holding the camera • Find support: tripod/bean-bag/wall/sit… • Shutter release • Breath out (and hold) • Soft click (face of the finger, not the tip of it) • Continuous shooting mode • Think of composition, light, different perspectives • Observe the scene • Get your settings right • Try a few shots, review them – histogram • Be patient for the right moment • Raw vs Jpeg
- 17. Clicking Raw vs Jpeg • Pixel bit sizes • Pixel attributes • Lossless vs lossy compression • Complete data dump from the sensor • High dynamic range in Raw • In-camera Jpeg processing: • Capture raw data • Decode • Filter RGB • ApplyWB • Apply contrast and tone levels • Noise reduction • Apply colour profile • Colour saturation,Vibrance • Sharpness • Compress • Save Jpeg Processed Raw
- 18. Developing your Photo • Film development procedure • Good to better • No DNA changes, enhance the attributes • Ethical vs Unethical • Recreate what “YOU SAW”
- 19. Post Processing your Photo • Extract & leverage max data • Elements: • Exposure • WB • Crop • Highlights / Shadows • Tones & Contrasts • Colour Saturation • Sharpness / Noise • Lens corrections • Distortion • Chromatic aberration • Vignetting Raw Processed
- 20. Composition • A good photograph is taken well before shutter click. • Why is it important ? • Tells story • Guides the viewer • Strikes balance • Different perspective • A good composition is like a suspension bridge – each line adds strength and takes none away.
- 21. Composition Rules • Rule 1: Rule ofThirds
- 22. …Composition Rules • Rule 2: Balance
- 23. …Composition Rules • Rule 3: Geometric Shapes
- 24. …Composition Rules • Rule 4: Symmetry
- 25. …Composition Rules • Rule 5: Framing
- 26. …Composition Rules • Rule 6: Leading/Trailing lines
- 27. …Composition Rules • Rule 7: Spot the patterns
- 28. …Composition Rules • Rule 8: Find the contrasts
- 29. …Composition Rules • Rule 9: Alter the perspective
- 30. …Composition Rules • Rule 10: Golden Ratio – Fibonacci spiral
- 31. …Composition Rules • Importance of Scale & Proportion • Ability to relate – size, distance • Known reference object
- 32. …Composition Rules • Importance of Scale & Proportion • Ability to relate – size, distance • Known reference object Not the farm fields, but a Dragonfly wing Macro
- 33. …Composition Rules • Rule 11: Break the rules
- 34. AdvancedTechniques • HDR Bracketing • Bulb exposure • Panning photos • Time-lapse • Stacking • Creative Bokeh
- 35. Types andTips • Portraits • Landscapes • Night shots • Wildlife • Street • Architecture • Macro • Others • Product • Fashion • Food • Astrophotos • Events • Journalism • Sports • Underwater
- 36. Portrait PhotographyTips • Capture at eye level • Focus on the eyes • Catch-light • Back-light • Fill the frame • Get closer • Add context Equipment: • Camera: • Any D-SLR • FF best results VS cost • Lens: • Prime (best) • 50mm to 200mm • F/2.8 or faster
- 37. Landscape PhotographyTips • Try @ golden hour • Observe the scene • Compose in mind • Bracket your shots • Foreground : Background Focus pt. • Know the place well • Low apertures • Try filters: CPL, ND • Bump up ISO • Don’t depend on single shot! Equipment: • Camera: • Any • DSLR best results • Lens: • Wide angle • 8mm to 35mm • Tripod
- 38. Wildlife PhotographyTips • Try @ golden hour • Study: Location, Habitat • Be the ‘Guest’, Camouflage, DND • Continuous shooting mode • High-speed I/O cards • NO Flash • High apertures, shutter speeds • Bump up ISO • Crop it • Be patient!! Be watchful!! • good:total :: 1:1000 • photo:visits :: 1:10 Equipment: • Camera: • DSLR best results (APS-C) • Lens: • Telephoto • 200mm to 600mm • F/4 or Faster • 1.4x, 2x Extender • Tripod
- 39. Street PhotographyTips • Try @ golden hour • Study: Location, Culture,Traditions • Get closer to subjects • Seek permissions • Circle back • Stick to a theme • Continuous shooting mode • Bump up ISO • Wait, and time the shot • Add context for better reading Equipment: • Camera: • Any • DSLR best results (APS-C) • Lens: • Kit Lens • 18mm to 100mm
- 40. Macro PhotographyTips • Get closer to subjects • Try reverse mount • Try extension tubes • Narrow aperture • Bump up ISO • Catch-light • Use flash Equipment: • Camera: • DSLR best results (APS-C) • Lens: • Kit Lens • 18-55mm • 50mm f/1.8 • Macro Lens VS Cost • Extension Tubes
- 41. Equipment: Choose your best • Budget • Money • Time • Recurring budget • Lenses • Accessories • Purpose • Patience
- 42. Practice Exercises: [Sharpen your skills] • Click B/W • Fixed focal length / aperture / shutter • Manual focus only • Manual exposure only • Ground level shots only • Top view shots only • Composition: 1 rule – 1 month • Crop a photo and form min 10 different images • 1 subject 10 different compositions • Creative bokeh • 1 Place • In different times of the day • In different seasons • Timelapse: Blooming flowers/saplings • Develop somebody else’s photos
- 43. References • Digital Photography School: http://digital-photography- school.com • Equipment reviews: http://www.dpreview.com • Cambridge in Color: http://www.cambridgeincolour.com • Petapixel: http://petapixel.com • http://www.geofflawrence.com/photography_tutorials.html • Books: • Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System: http://webvision.med.utah.edu • http://www.amazon.in/Understanding-Exposure-3rd-Photographs- Camera/dp/0817439390 • Share your work: ask for feedback • www.500px.com • www.flickr.com • P@P
- 44. Video References • CMOS-Sensor in a Canon DLSR • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oa2DbQcKAEU • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkywIVCQOeo • Shutter: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyqbIuTzRVI • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmjeCchGRQo [10K FPS] • Camera: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxXi-_R3YTQ • Lens: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovxtgj4SsiI • Science of sensors: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MytCfECfqWc
- 45. All said and done …So, go out there and practice Learn to See