This lecture explores how the expansion of the Internet and a variety of digital devices has influenced the way that information and knowledge is generated, consumed and distributed particularly in the scholar environment.

1. http://www.flickr.com/photos/dlisbona/343802807/sizes/m/in/photostream/
Cristobal Cobo, phd
ResearchFellow
http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/
Understanding new ways of sharing
content for learning and researching.

2. 1. Transformation
2. Complexity
3. Challenges
Technologies Radical Innovation
Practices Incremental Innovation

3. 200 educational organizations signed
OER declaration (Cape Town, 2007)

4. Sebastian Thrun+PeterNorvig
Over 40 languages
160,000+ Sign Up
Google moderatorservice (bestquestions)
"Introductionto Artificial Intelligence"
October 10th toDecember 18th 2011 Stanford University'sSchool of
Universityof Stanford Engineeringalsooffersother complete
www.ai-class.com online courses at no cost.

5. William and Flora Hewlett Foundation

6. Online [audio] lectures

7. PLoS ONE: peer-reviewed, open-access
resource from the Public Library Of Science
First Monday: (1ST of its kind)
15-year-old open access journal about the internet.

8. Open Learning Communities
[formal & informal]

9. Open Educational Hub

10. online digital editions free of charge
Online [open] books

11. Peer-based-Learning Networks
[the rise of amateur culture] Keen, 2007

12. Online [open] data repositories
Radical transparency

13. A network of tools / agents

14. Collaboration Complexity
Computational Complexity
Bulger, Meyer, De la Flor, et al. (2011) Reinventing research? Information
practices in the humanities. A Research Information Network Report
OCW 2001
(open access)
AI2011 &
(hybrid models of teaching
researching)

15. [everything is miscellaneous]
mapping the knowledge flow
Weinberger, David. 2007. Everything is miscellaneous. The power of the new digital disorder. Times Books.

16. Production of knowledge
Distribution of knowledge

17. Big - visibility
Visible reuse and production of
licensed (institutional) OER.
Institutional repositories.
Little - visibility
Staff and students reuse of digital
resources in and around the
curriculum.
{UGC in flickr, scribd, slideshare, youtube}
Attribution: “White, D. Manton, M. JISC-funded OER ImpactStudy, Universityof Oxford, 2011”
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/elearning/oer/OERTheValueOfReuseInHigherEducation.pdf

18. P: Haraway+Gibbons+…
informal comm…
A variety of labels, such as Mode 2(Nowotny, Scott and Gibbons
2001); post-normal science (Funtowicz and Ravetz 1993); technoscience(Latour 1987;
Haraway 1985) and the triple helix(Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz 1998).

19. {R}
Mode 1 Mode 2
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mckln/4815025704/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Mode 1: Mode 2: open, context
isolated, objective, decon based, not restricted to
textualized, traditional, re
stricted to scientific M1-M2 scientific
communities, transdisc
communities.
Pardo, H.; Cobo, C. and Scolari, C. (2011) Death of the University? Knowledge Production and Disemination in the desitermediation
iplinary,
Era. In McLuhan Galaxy “Understanding Media, Today”, International Conference. Universidad Oberta de Catalunya.

20. Production of knowledge
{R} {R}
Innocentives
Distribution of knowledge
Open/Closed Production - Distribution

21. public
Online Research
Research Publication
Property (CC) Printed (CC)
© Online © Printed
Book Publication
{R}
private
low Level of Restriction high
Understanding Knowledge as a Commons
Hess &Ostrom+ Lessig + Benkler
(Ed.) Hess and Ostrom (2007) Understanding Knowledge as a Commons: From Theory to Practice. MIT, Cambridge, USA

22. How does a University deliver knowledge (research & teaching) today?
User/community E-Learning {R}
University New Platform
contributions Aggregation
Content Source Model integrates
user/community Model relies on user-
contents with a ¨walled” generated contents
access environment and open distribution
platforms
Traditional
University Content Hyper –
syndication
Professional branded
content ¨walled” Model with
access environment secure, professional
incumbent have a content available
legacy position online and on
Produced by standard devices
Professionals
Distribution and Open
Proprietary
Device Platforms
IBM Institute for Business Value (IBV) Modified by Chris Sparshott for Education Sector

23. Incentives Research Driven
Enablingothersto Reproduce
Motivations to Share
asknewquestions ortoverifyres
earch
Data Producers Data Users
Makingtheresults
Toadvancethestat ofpublicfundsavai
eof R+I labletothepublic
{R} {R}
-
Public Driven
Borgman (2011)Theconundrumofsharingresearch data

24. The evolving model of textbooks
Unregulated
{R}
-Auto published • Flat World of Knowledge
-Materialsshared ,
amongcolleaguesandst
udents
Closed New business models – Increasing demand Open
Textbookswithadds
- Used Books (BookBoon)
-Copies 24symbols.com
- Curse Pack Amazon Renting B.
Google Books
-
Regulated
The Political Economy of Intellectual Property in the Educational Material Market. Carolina Rossini and
ErhardtGraef. Industrial Cooperation Project, Berkman Center for Internet & Society (Work in Progress)

25. Teaching
lecturefox Polimedia
openculture.com Bookcamps Khan Academy
sharenotes.com Open Course Ware
forum-network.org OpenLearn Edufire
Consortium
howstuffworks hyperisland.se coursesmart Open Learning Initiative
iTunesU
bancocomun.org dobleclick.cat
openedpractices.org P2P University shibuya-univ.net
gradeguru.com Knowmad School
Academic Earth OER Commons textbookrevolution
Application schoolfactory.org cramster.com
(experimentation) Integration
iLabs Project SciVee iCamp Academia.edu youtubeedu (transdisciplinary)
Directory of Open Access Living Labs Flatworldknowledge Wikipedia
Journals (DOAJ)
ResearchGate Public Library of Science
researchchannel.com
Discovery
Closed/Open Initiatives Open/Open Initiatives
Boyer (1990) • Categories of scholarship :
discovery, teaching, application & integration of
knowledge.
SCOLARI, C. COBO, C. and PARDO, H. (forthcoming) Should We Take Disintermediation In Higher Education Seriously? Expertise, Knowledge Brokering, and Knowledge Translation in the Age of Disinterme
diation. In Takševa, T. (coord.) Social Software and the Evolution of User Expertise: Future Trends in Knowledge Creation and Dissemination.

26. Now what?

27. a. Access: from archipelago to spaghetti
From the long tail towards the semantic [Metadata]

28. b. Platforms: from mono- to multi-
Interoperability (technic- & institutional )

29. Attribution
Share-Alike
Non-commercial
No-modify
Educational
c. Licenses: awareness
create-remix-preserve-propagate

30. d. Incentives: produce & use quality –
New teaching/researching business models

31. Thedistributionofallthe Wikipedia articles
Graham, M., Hale, S. A. andStephens, M. (2011)
GeographiesoftheWorldsKnowledge. Ed. Flick, C. M., London, Convoco!
Edition.
e. Literacies: prosumer - filter & (re)use
[economy of attention]
Bulger, Meyer, De la Flor, Terras, Wyatt, Jirotka, Eccles, Madsen (2011) Reinventing Research in the Humanities: Information Practices

32. ->hybridization [transition]: new agents &
transactions +formal & informal mechanisms

33. teşekkürler
*(thank you)
Cristobal Cobo, phd
ResearchFellow
http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/