The Internet has captivated the attention of retail marketers. The Internet, as a retail outlet, is moving from its infancy used by only a few to a market with significant potential. The purpose of the study was to explore the attitudes of respondents toward purchasing products on the internet. Four groups of respondents were examined. To attract all four groups of consumers to Internet buying, e-tailers need to tailer specific parts of his or her marketing campaign to meet the specific demands and needs of each group. When testing the research results, the consumer factor and marketing factor had adequate internal consistency, while the technology factor failed to give any meaningful conclusions. The Internet buyers group and non-buyers groups shared dissimilar attitudes towards consumer and marketing factors. Internet buyers group and non-buyers group significantly varied in their intention to make online purchases.
Customer’s buying behavior for online shoppingKetan Rai
It is era of Online Shopping every Age Group is using internet now these days , So i have research report on topic Customer’s buying behavior for online shopping ... it is based upon delhi based company " CITYWEB"
Online Shop-ping in India is evolving fast and has the prospective to grow exponentially in the times to come. Online shopping is a growing area of technology. Online shopping has spread into every corner of life, linking people to the culture of capitalism in frequent and daily ways. In general, shopping has always catered to middle class and upper class women. Shopping is fragmented and pyramid-shaped. Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the Internet. An online shop, eshop, e-store, internet shop, web shop, web store, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or in a shopping mall. Establishing a store on the Internet, allows for retailers to expand their market and reach out to consumers who may not otherwise visit the physical store. The convenience of online shopping is the main attraction for the consumers. Unique online payment systems offer easy and safe purchasing from other individuals. Online shopping allows people with a broad range of products in different categories. It also gives a chance to compare the same product with the others and also shows the best deal.. The benefits of shopping online also come with potential risks and dangers that consumers must be aware of. This research is conducted to study the emerging trends of online shopping retails by retailers. This report includes the various factors which are taken into consideration by the consumers for purchasing through a retail store or for online shopping. Report also takes into consideration the factors which forms the basis of comparison made by the customers, mainly the women for online shopping vis-à-vis shopping through a retail store.
Online shopping or e-shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Michael Aldrich is the man who invented online shopping in 1979.
“To study the switching behavior of consumer special reference to urban market ”which is submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B.Com(Hons.)
Customer’s buying behavior for online shoppingKetan Rai
It is era of Online Shopping every Age Group is using internet now these days , So i have research report on topic Customer’s buying behavior for online shopping ... it is based upon delhi based company " CITYWEB"
Online Shop-ping in India is evolving fast and has the prospective to grow exponentially in the times to come. Online shopping is a growing area of technology. Online shopping has spread into every corner of life, linking people to the culture of capitalism in frequent and daily ways. In general, shopping has always catered to middle class and upper class women. Shopping is fragmented and pyramid-shaped. Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the Internet. An online shop, eshop, e-store, internet shop, web shop, web store, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or in a shopping mall. Establishing a store on the Internet, allows for retailers to expand their market and reach out to consumers who may not otherwise visit the physical store. The convenience of online shopping is the main attraction for the consumers. Unique online payment systems offer easy and safe purchasing from other individuals. Online shopping allows people with a broad range of products in different categories. It also gives a chance to compare the same product with the others and also shows the best deal.. The benefits of shopping online also come with potential risks and dangers that consumers must be aware of. This research is conducted to study the emerging trends of online shopping retails by retailers. This report includes the various factors which are taken into consideration by the consumers for purchasing through a retail store or for online shopping. Report also takes into consideration the factors which forms the basis of comparison made by the customers, mainly the women for online shopping vis-à-vis shopping through a retail store.
Online shopping or e-shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Michael Aldrich is the man who invented online shopping in 1979.
“To study the switching behavior of consumer special reference to urban market ”which is submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B.Com(Hons.)
A comparative study on consumer behavior of online shoppers in ahmedabad regi...Himanshu Mathrani
A comparative study on consumer behavior of online shoppers in ahmedabad region by himanshu matharani
In which, i try to find out online shoppers perception, preference, attitude, awreness for various B2C sites.
A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Online Shopping in Filpkart in Coimb...ijtsrd
Flipkart are one of the leading online shopping websites in India. In this paper an attempt has been made to find customers satisfaction towards and flipkart. A sample of 50respondent's were conveniently selected from Coimbatore District. The findings were analyzed using simple percentage analysis, ranking test. Findings reveal that female customers whose annual income is high are highly satisfied towards and flipkart. The research also concludes that even though is giving branded and quality product but customer are very much attracted towards the best services of flipkart. R. Maheswari | N. Sandhiya "A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Online Shopping in Filpkart in Coimbatorecity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29267.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/29267/a-study-on-customer-satisfaction-towards-online-shopping-in-filpkart-in-coimbatorecity/r-maheswari
The Internet has developed into a new distribution channel and online transactions are rapidly increasing. This has created a need to understand how the consumer perceives online purchases. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine if there are any particular factors that influence the online consumer. Primary data was collected through a survey that was conducted on students and Employees from different part of India. Price, Trust and Convenience were identified as important factors. Price was considered to be the most important factor for a majority of the Customers. Furthermore, three segments were identified, High Spenders, Price Easers and Bargain Seekers. Through these segments found a variation of the different factors importance and established implications for online stores. Mrs. T. Sreerekha | Mrs. R. Saranya | Mr. V. S. Prabhu "Consumer Behaviour in Online Shopping" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26354.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing-management/26354/consumer-behaviour-in-online-shopping/mrs-t-sreerekha
The Role of E Commerce in Improving Customer Satisfactionijtsrd
The cut throat competition in E commerce has forced the companies to focus on providing customer satisfaction and gain customer loyalty. Thus, putting up long term customer relationships through customer satisfaction is one of the pivotal foundation key factors for successful marketing, including online marketing. This research work makes an attempt to examine the role of e commerce in building customer satisfaction and its importance to maintain loyalty in consumers. However, the study indicates that there is a progressive trend in increasing awareness and its utilities. By the study we can understand that global access, 24 hours availability, convenience, increase product information are some of the ways to enhance customer satisfaction as well as the drawback experienced by the respondents is the fear of payment sin security in e commerce. The paper was with objectives of knowing the awareness, loyalty and the attitude towards online marketing. H. Bhaskar Shetty | Ms. Sowmya L ""The Role of E-Commerce in Improving Customer Satisfaction"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23904.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/23904/the-role-of-e-commerce-in-improving-customer-satisfaction/h-bhaskar-shetty
Online Shopping vs Offline Shopping : A Comparative StudyRaja Sarkar
The retail sector is one of the fastest growing sector in India. It is one of the backbones of the economy and accounts for about 10 percent of the country’s GDP. The Indian retail market is estimated to be valued at US$ 600 billion and one of the top five retail markets in the world by economic value. The growth of retail sector in India is one of the fastest globally. Indian consumers are very particular about their products. The consumer choices vary based upon their preference towards online shopping versus offline shopping. The internet and traditional shopping both have their own advantages and disadvantages.Online shopping doesn’t require traveling long distances, offers more variety, remains functional 24*7, offers huge discounts and extend the facility of customer reviews. On the other hand, traditional shopping allows customers to physically examining products which otherwise online shopping lacks. Consumers may be use both the online and traditional mode of shopping depending on their preferences at a particular moment, which results in fundamentally different behaviours across the two mode of shopping. This article attempts to throw some light on the differences emerging out of online shopping behaviour and offline shopping behaviour.
The growing use of Internet in India provides varied opportunities for online shopping from both customer and seller perspective. If Electronic marketers (E-Marketers) know the factors affecting online Indian behavior, the relationships between these factors and the type of online buyers, they can further develop their marketing strategies to convert potential buyers into active buyerswhile retainingits original customer base. This study focuses on the factors which online buyers takes into consideration while shopping online. This research will help in finding the impact of e-market on customers’ purchasing patterns and how their security and privacy concerns about online marketinginfluences their online buying behavior. The study will further encompass the various important inputs which will equip the marketers for creating online marketing more lucrative and assured by adding value to the existing services.
Factors Influencing the E-Shoppers Perception towards E-Shopping (A Study wit...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Purpose: The study focuses on identifying and exploring the various factors influencing the e-shoppers perception towards e-shopping.
Design / methodology / approach: A research model is developed based on the literature. For the purpose of study data collected from 100 e-shoppers belonged to Wardha City of Maharashtra. By using in structured questionnaire, descriptive statistical measure like mean has been used for analyzing the data.
Findings: The results reveal that the seven key factors like convenience, time saving, home delivery, price advantage, more choice, reliability and security significantly influenced the e-shoppers perception on e-shopping.
Contribution of the study: The result of this study provides a valuable reference to the e-marketers to understand the factors influencing e-shoppers perception. They can further sharpen their marketing strategies to attract and retain their customers.
Article 8 A STUDY ON THE CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN THE D...Dr UMA K
Dr. UMA.K
Assistant Professor in Commerce
7. UMA. K (2020) “A STUDY ON THE CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN THE DIGITAL ERA – WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MYSORE CITY”, Wesleyan Journal of Research, Vol.13 No4 (VI), Page No 109-115.
article 8 Wesleyan Journal of Research - A STUDY ON THE.pdfEducational
Wesleyan Journal of Research , Vol.13 No4(VI)
[109]
Research Article: Commerce
A STUDY ON THE CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN THE
DIGITAL ERA – WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MYSORE CITY
Uma K
Assistant Professor, Department of Studies in Commerce,
A comparative study on consumer behavior of online shoppers in ahmedabad regi...Himanshu Mathrani
A comparative study on consumer behavior of online shoppers in ahmedabad region by himanshu matharani
In which, i try to find out online shoppers perception, preference, attitude, awreness for various B2C sites.
A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Online Shopping in Filpkart in Coimb...ijtsrd
Flipkart are one of the leading online shopping websites in India. In this paper an attempt has been made to find customers satisfaction towards and flipkart. A sample of 50respondent's were conveniently selected from Coimbatore District. The findings were analyzed using simple percentage analysis, ranking test. Findings reveal that female customers whose annual income is high are highly satisfied towards and flipkart. The research also concludes that even though is giving branded and quality product but customer are very much attracted towards the best services of flipkart. R. Maheswari | N. Sandhiya "A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Online Shopping in Filpkart in Coimbatorecity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29267.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/29267/a-study-on-customer-satisfaction-towards-online-shopping-in-filpkart-in-coimbatorecity/r-maheswari
The Internet has developed into a new distribution channel and online transactions are rapidly increasing. This has created a need to understand how the consumer perceives online purchases. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine if there are any particular factors that influence the online consumer. Primary data was collected through a survey that was conducted on students and Employees from different part of India. Price, Trust and Convenience were identified as important factors. Price was considered to be the most important factor for a majority of the Customers. Furthermore, three segments were identified, High Spenders, Price Easers and Bargain Seekers. Through these segments found a variation of the different factors importance and established implications for online stores. Mrs. T. Sreerekha | Mrs. R. Saranya | Mr. V. S. Prabhu "Consumer Behaviour in Online Shopping" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26354.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing-management/26354/consumer-behaviour-in-online-shopping/mrs-t-sreerekha
The Role of E Commerce in Improving Customer Satisfactionijtsrd
The cut throat competition in E commerce has forced the companies to focus on providing customer satisfaction and gain customer loyalty. Thus, putting up long term customer relationships through customer satisfaction is one of the pivotal foundation key factors for successful marketing, including online marketing. This research work makes an attempt to examine the role of e commerce in building customer satisfaction and its importance to maintain loyalty in consumers. However, the study indicates that there is a progressive trend in increasing awareness and its utilities. By the study we can understand that global access, 24 hours availability, convenience, increase product information are some of the ways to enhance customer satisfaction as well as the drawback experienced by the respondents is the fear of payment sin security in e commerce. The paper was with objectives of knowing the awareness, loyalty and the attitude towards online marketing. H. Bhaskar Shetty | Ms. Sowmya L ""The Role of E-Commerce in Improving Customer Satisfaction"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23904.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/23904/the-role-of-e-commerce-in-improving-customer-satisfaction/h-bhaskar-shetty
Online Shopping vs Offline Shopping : A Comparative StudyRaja Sarkar
The retail sector is one of the fastest growing sector in India. It is one of the backbones of the economy and accounts for about 10 percent of the country’s GDP. The Indian retail market is estimated to be valued at US$ 600 billion and one of the top five retail markets in the world by economic value. The growth of retail sector in India is one of the fastest globally. Indian consumers are very particular about their products. The consumer choices vary based upon their preference towards online shopping versus offline shopping. The internet and traditional shopping both have their own advantages and disadvantages.Online shopping doesn’t require traveling long distances, offers more variety, remains functional 24*7, offers huge discounts and extend the facility of customer reviews. On the other hand, traditional shopping allows customers to physically examining products which otherwise online shopping lacks. Consumers may be use both the online and traditional mode of shopping depending on their preferences at a particular moment, which results in fundamentally different behaviours across the two mode of shopping. This article attempts to throw some light on the differences emerging out of online shopping behaviour and offline shopping behaviour.
The growing use of Internet in India provides varied opportunities for online shopping from both customer and seller perspective. If Electronic marketers (E-Marketers) know the factors affecting online Indian behavior, the relationships between these factors and the type of online buyers, they can further develop their marketing strategies to convert potential buyers into active buyerswhile retainingits original customer base. This study focuses on the factors which online buyers takes into consideration while shopping online. This research will help in finding the impact of e-market on customers’ purchasing patterns and how their security and privacy concerns about online marketinginfluences their online buying behavior. The study will further encompass the various important inputs which will equip the marketers for creating online marketing more lucrative and assured by adding value to the existing services.
Factors Influencing the E-Shoppers Perception towards E-Shopping (A Study wit...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Purpose: The study focuses on identifying and exploring the various factors influencing the e-shoppers perception towards e-shopping.
Design / methodology / approach: A research model is developed based on the literature. For the purpose of study data collected from 100 e-shoppers belonged to Wardha City of Maharashtra. By using in structured questionnaire, descriptive statistical measure like mean has been used for analyzing the data.
Findings: The results reveal that the seven key factors like convenience, time saving, home delivery, price advantage, more choice, reliability and security significantly influenced the e-shoppers perception on e-shopping.
Contribution of the study: The result of this study provides a valuable reference to the e-marketers to understand the factors influencing e-shoppers perception. They can further sharpen their marketing strategies to attract and retain their customers.
Article 8 A STUDY ON THE CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN THE D...Dr UMA K
Dr. UMA.K
Assistant Professor in Commerce
7. UMA. K (2020) “A STUDY ON THE CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN THE DIGITAL ERA – WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MYSORE CITY”, Wesleyan Journal of Research, Vol.13 No4 (VI), Page No 109-115.
article 8 Wesleyan Journal of Research - A STUDY ON THE.pdfEducational
Wesleyan Journal of Research , Vol.13 No4(VI)
[109]
Research Article: Commerce
A STUDY ON THE CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN THE
DIGITAL ERA – WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MYSORE CITY
Uma K
Assistant Professor, Department of Studies in Commerce,
Acceptance of Online Shopping in Bangladesh: Consumer’s Perspectiveiosrjce
Online shopping is a well-known phenomenon around the world. Bangladesh is not so far behind. A
good number of online shopsare getting launched. This study explores the acceptance of online shopping in
Bangladesh from consumer’s perspective. The present scenarios and behaviors among the internet users of
Bangladesh are presented in the study. The reasons and inhibitions are also analyzed. Online shopping is in a
race with traditional shopping. Which one is winning in the current scenario, it has also been disclosed in this
paper. A recommendation to the online shop owners has also been given at the end of this study.
Consumers’ Impulsive Buying Behavior in Social Commerce Platformsijtsrd
The paper is an attempt to know how the impulsive buying behavior of consumers are triggered in social commerce platforms by going through various research papers, theories in available literature also what are the research implications and future research directions in this area. A review of 15 papers are included in this work. The review of the above literature reveals that social commerce is an emerging phenomenon which will be the next frontier of online commerce, has wide scope for research and very few studies have been done on the practical implication of social commerce. Though studies have been done on the impulse buying behavior of consumers only a few studies were found on the combination of social commerce and impulse buying behavior. To close the research gap, new theoretical discoveries are required. Research studies on the impulse buying behavior of customers in social commerce in various industry such as restaurant, fashionables, entertainment, shopping goods etc. may be done by the upcoming researchers. Dr. Mohanadasan T | Umamaheswari R "Consumers’ Impulsive Buying Behavior in Social Commerce Platforms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62399.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/62399/consumers’-impulsive-buying-behavior-in-social-commerce-platforms/dr-mohanadasan-t
How online selling has changed marketing perspective including consumer perce...Bhavesh Bhansali
Research/ Dissertation on “How online selling has changed the marketing perspective including customer perception”
OR
"How online shopping changed customer perception"
Contents:
Introduction
Objective of the Study
Title of the Project
Objective of the Study
Scope of the Study
Review of Literature
Research Methodology
Research Design
Data collection methods/sources
Sampling plan
Data analysis and interpretations
Findings
Limitations of the Study
Recommendations and suggestions
Questionnaire sample
Bibliography
Analysis of Impulsive Buying Behavior in Fashion IndustryDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this era of rising customer expectations and intense competitions, marketers and retailers constantly look towards means to maximize their customers’ share of wallet, in terms of additional sales. Marketers, today, thus focus on the customers’ preferences, their needs and wishes with an aim to maximize it. Impulse shopping can be termed as a spontaneous, immediate purchase without pre-shopping intentions either to buy a specific product category or to fulfil a specific buying task. Impulse buying is a major research concern among marketers due to its pervasive aspects of consumer behavior as well as its potential in the marketing world. Based on the literature review, and after considering the questions we want to answer, the research problem of the research paper is “Analysis of Impulse Buying Behavior in the Fashion Industry”. This problem would specifically be emphasizing on the factors which affect such behavior, post purchase feelings and behavior and how online shopping has increased the propensity of such behavior. Based on the research problem of our paper, given below are the 4 major objectives which the paper will studying and analysing:
1. Determining and comparing the various internal and external factors which affect Impulse Buying Behavior in the Fashion Industry.
2. Analysing The Impulse Buying Behavior Towards Different Fashion Product Categories
3. Analysing The Post Purchase Feeling and Behavior as A Result of Impulse Buying Behavior
4. Determining the impact of growing E-commerce industry on impulse shopping behavior in the fashion industry, and the factors leading to it.
Methodology used in research paper is SINGLE CROSS SECTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN. Given the objective and design of our research, we will be using basic descriptive statistics i.e. Mean, Median and Mode to compare and analyse our data and conclude our findings.
Finally, the findings for the research essentially indicated that amongst the external factors, Overall store environment and lower prices played a pivotal role. Moreover, males tend to shop more impulsively as compared to females. Customers tend to show a positive impulse behavior towards Footwear and Clothing items. Happiness is seen to be the most common post purchase behavior. Lastly, the research also presented an evidence showing that the emergence of e-commerce positively impacted impulse buying behavior, with Heavy Discounting being its most prominent driver.
Effects of Online Marketing on the Behaviour of Consumers in Selected Online ...inventionjournals
The study examined the influence of efficient online marketing, effective communication, and on-time delivery on the regularity of visits and consumer patronage of the three selected online stores in Owerri, Imo State. It was guided by six research questions and six hypotheses. The sample size was 300 respondents two sets of structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Mean statistics was used to analyze the responses of the research questions, while Z-test analysis was applied to test the hypotheses for this study. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study showed that online marketing is a viable marketing communication channel which has significant effect on the regularity of visits and consumer patronage of online stores. Based on the findings, it was recommended that companies should ascribe to market their goods and services via online shopping stores and/or develop and launch indigenous websites where customers can make purchases. For further testing of the impact of shopping websites on behaviour of electronic devices buyers, further studies should replicate the theory and methodology used in this study, with other products and websites
Design and Analysis of Hydraulic Actuator in a Typical Aerospace vehicle | J4...Journal For Research
An Aerospace Vehicle is capable of flight both within and outside the sensible atmosphere. An Actuation System is one of the most important Systems of an Aerospace vehicle. This paper study involves detailed study of various controls Actuation System and Design of a typical Hydraulic Actuation Systems. An actuator control system concerned with electrical, electronic or electro mechanical. Actuator control systems may take the form of extremely simple, manually-operated start-and-stop stations, or sophisticated, programmable computer systems. Hydraulic Actuation System contains Electro Hydraulic Actuators, Servo Valves, Feedback Sensing elements, Pump Motor package, Hydraulic Reservoir, Accumulator, various safety valves, Filters etc. The main objective of this study involves design of Hydraulic Actuator and selection of various other components for the Actuation Systems of an Aerospace Vehicle. Design of the system includes design of Hydraulic actuator and also the Modeling and Analysis of actuator using sophisticated Software.
Experimental Verification and Validation of Stress Distribution of Composite ...Journal For Research
Now a day in all sector weight reduction is most important criteria for lowering the cost & high performance. For weight reduction composite material is good option to solve weight related problems. In this paper we describe analysis of composite glass fibre material with mild steel material comparison. For analysis purpose we can use FEA software. The objective of this paper is compare things like different loading conditions stress distribution etc.
Image Binarization for the uses of Preprocessing to Detect Brain Abnormality ...Journal For Research
Computerized MR of brain image binarization for the uses of preprocessing of features extraction and brain abnormality identification of brain has been described. Binarization is used as intermediate steps of many MR of brain normal and abnormal tissues detection. One of the main problems of MRI binarization is that many pixels of brain part cannot be correctly binarized due to the extensive black background or the large variation in contrast between background and foreground of MRI. Proposed binarization determines a threshold value using mean, variance, standard deviation and entropy followed by a non-gamut enhancement that can overcome the binarization problem. The proposed binarization technique is extensively tested with a variety of MRI and generates good binarization with improved accuracy and reduced error.
A Research Paper on BFO and PSO Based Movie Recommendation System | J4RV4I1016Journal For Research
The objective of this work is to assess the utility of personalized recommendation system (PRS) in the field of movie recommendation using a new model based on neural network classification and hybrid optimization algorithm. We have used advantages of both the evolutionary optimization algorithms which are Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Bacteria foraging optimization (BFO). In its implementation a NN classification model is used to obtain a movie recommendation which predict ratings of movie. Parameters or attributes on which movie ratings are dependent are supplied by user's demographic details and movie content information. The efficiency and accuracy of proposed method is verified by multiple experiments based on the Movie Lens benchmark dataset. Hybrid optimization algorithm selects best attributes from total supplied attributes of recommendation system and gives more accurate rating with less time taken. In present scenario movie database is becoming larger so we need an optimized recommendation system for better performance in terms of time and accuracy.
IoT based Digital Agriculture Monitoring System and Their Impact on Optimal U...Journal For Research
Although precision agriculture has been adopted in few countries, the greenhouse based modern agriculture industry in India still needs to be modernized with the involvement of technology for better production and cost control. In this paper we proposed a multifunction model for smart agriculture based on IoT. Due to variable atmospheric circumstances these conditions sometimes may vary from place to place in large farmhouse, which makes very difficult to maintain the uniform condition at all the places in the farmhouse manually. Soil and environment properties are sensed and periodically sent to cloud network through IoT. Analysis on cloud data is done for water requirement, total production and maintaining uniform environment conditions throughout greenhouse farm. Proposed model is beneficial for increase in agricultural production and for cost control and real time monitoring of farm.
A REVIEW PAPER ON BFO AND PSO BASED MOVIE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM | J4RV4I1015Journal For Research
Recommendation system plays important role in Internet world and used in many applications. It has created the collection of many application, created global village and growth for numerous information. This paper represents the overview of Approaches and techniques generated in recommendation system. Recommendation system is categorized in three classes: Collaborative Filtering, Content based and hybrid based Approach. This paper classifies collaborative filtering in two types: Memory based and Model based Recommendation .The paper elaborates these approaches and their techniques with their limitations. The result of our system provides much better recommendations to users because it enables the users to understand the relation between their emotional states and the recommended movies.
HCI BASED APPLICATION FOR PLAYING COMPUTER GAMES | J4RV4I1014Journal For Research
This paper describes a command interface for games based on hand gestures and voice command defined by postures, movement and location. The system uses computer vision requiring no sensors or markers by the user. In voice command the speech recognizer, recognize the input from the user. It stores and passes command to the game, action takes place. We propose a simple architecture for performing real time colour detection and motion tracking using a webcam. The next step is to track the motion of the specified colours and the resulting actions are given as input commands to the system. We specify blue colour for motion tracking and green colour for mouse pointer. The speech recognition is the process of automatically recognizing a certain word spoken by a particular speaker based on individual information included in speech waves. This application will help in reduction in hardware requirement and can be implemented in other electronic devices also.
A REVIEW ON DESIGN OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN CHANDRAPUR CITY | J4RV4...Journal For Research
As we know the population of Chandrapur City has increased so far in this years and with that has increased the vehicles causing high traffic volume & rise in pollution. But the transportation system in Chandrapur City is still the same. To reduce the traffic volume & pollution, we have to study & design the new transportation system in Chandrapur City. The system would be as similar to Nagpur City with the implementation of Star City Buses. In this Study we would first compare the speed of various vehicles. Collection of population details of Chandrapur City, approximate number of vehicles running on road, collection of data with respect to Ticket fares in Nagpur City- whether it is according to Kilometers or places to be reached, calculation of Ticket Fares for Chandrapur City on the basis data collected. By all these, the best mode of transport in City can be studied. On the basis of above data collected from various respected fields, we will then proceed for the Design part of urban transport system in Chandrapur City. For Design purpose, firstly we have to mark the centre of the City, when the centre is decided; we will then select the Bus Terminus. From centre of the city, we would prefer to select the routes of the Buses. One route will be for the city side like Jatpura Gate, Pathanpura Gate. One route will be for Ballarpur going road. The other one for Mul going road, then next for Nagpur road. We could decide as many routes once we get the clear idea about all data. By getting all this details, the next step is to design the destination points of Buses. Then we have to design about the Bus bays, to reduce congestion in the particular intersections or Stops of bus. After the design also can suggest for Bus lanes. Implementation of Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT system) is the main aim behind to develop transportation mode of City. The design of the Transport System can be designed with the help of various software’s like AutoCAD and Revit.
A REVIEW ON LIFTING AND ASSEMBLY OF ROTARY KILN TYRE WITH SHELL BY FLEXIBLE G...Journal For Research
Heavy kiln tyre Lifting, rigging and assembly with kiln shell is done manually by use of heavy crane and labour. This traditional technique is not safe. The challenge is find out solution for ease the process and cost effective because of limitations of the rigging system, erection area, can be managed safely by the kiln tyre suspender equipped by jaws and suspender beam. This review paper deals with the study and analysis of different papers which are deals with different lifting, gripping and installation techniques and other aspects analysis with software, experimentation and optimization etc.
LABORATORY STUDY OF STRONG, MODERATE AND WEAK SANDSTONES | J4RV4I1012Journal For Research
Sandstones from seven different hydroelectric projects have been assessed to compare their water-related properties and engineering parameters and the comprehensive analysis has been presented. The study has been done by categorizing the sandstones in to three categories i.e. weak, moderate & strong sandstones. The study leads to four broad inferences: (1), there could be very large variation between two sandstones; e.g., here, sandstone S2, S4 & S5, vis-à-vis other two strong sandstones, is superior in all respects. (2), the four weak sandstones differ in respect of some – not all – properties and parameters. (3), none of the four weak sandstones is better than the other two in respect of all properties and parameters. (4), moderate sandstone shows higher values of shear strength parameters in comparison to all the sandstones (including stronger sandstones also) except S3 strong sandstone. In respect of individual properties, the grain density of all sandstones is similar, though their bulk densities, apparent porosity and water content show great variation. The weak, moderate and strong sandstones show qualitative difference in their uniaxial compressive strength and wave velocity (compression and shear, both); and the two are directly proportional. The study clearly demonstrates that there is no one-to-one correspondence between any two properties and parameters, but there is a diffused and/ or qualitative relationship between different sandstones, or certain properties and parameters of a particular variant.
DESIGN ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION OF MANUAL RICE TRANSPLANTING MACHINE | J4RV4I...Journal For Research
Need of rice transplanting machine is growing nowadays because of unique feature seeding in well sequence and well manners. This will save too much efforts of human being. Class of people who uses this kind of machine is farmers and they are having poor economic background. To feed growing population is a huge challenge. Importation of rice will lead to drain out the economy of the country. Mechanization of paddy sector will lead to higher productivity with releasing of work force to other sectors. The objective of this project is to design a paddy transplanting mechanism to transplant paddy seedling by small scale farmers in the country. Hence, this is considered as an activity that needed mechanization. For mechanization the modeling and simulation evaluated for hand operated rice seeding machine, which is help the farmers to planting more and more amount of rice in good quality with low energy consumption and less harm to the environment. India is predominately an agricultural country with rice as one of its main food crop. It Produce about 80 million tons rice annually which is about 22% of the world rice production. Culturally transplanting of young seeding is preferred over direct seeding for better yield and better crop management practice. But this operation requires large amount of manpower (about 400 Man-Hour/ha) and task is very laborious involving working in stopping posture and moving in muddy field.
AN OVERVIEW: DAKNET TECHNOLOGY - BROADBAND AD-HOC CONNECTIVITY | J4RV4I1009Journal For Research
DakNet, is an ad hoc network and an internet service planted on the applied science, which uses wireless technology to provide an asynchronous digital connectivity, it is the intermediate of wireless and asynchronous service that is the beginning of a technical way to universal broadband connectivity. The major process is it provides the broadband connectivity as wider. This paper broadly describes about the technology, architecture behind and its working principles.
Line following is one of the most important aspects of Robotics. A Line Follower Robot is an autonomous robot which is able to follow either a black or white line that is drawn on the surface consisting of a contrasting color. It is designed to move automatically and follow the made plot line. The path can be visible like a black line on a white surface or it can be invisible like a magnetic field. It will move in a particular direction Specified by the user and avoids the obstacle which is coming in the path. Autonomous Intelligent Robots are robot that can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance. It is an integrated design from the knowledge of Mechanical, Electrical, and Computer Engineering. LDR sensors based line follower robot design and Fabrication procedure which always direct along the black mark on the white surface. The robot uses several sensors to identify the line thus assisting the bot to stay on the track. The robot is driven by DC motors to control the movements of the wheels.
The project is to ask college related queries and get the responses through a chatbot an Artificial Conversational Entity. This System is a web application which provides answer to the query of the student. Students just have to query through the bot which is used for chatting. Students can chat using any format there is no specific format the user has to follow. This system helps the student to be updated about the college activities.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO REDUCE INTRA CITY TRAFFIC AT COIMBATORE | J4RV4I1002Journal For Research
Coimbatore (11.0168°N,76.9558°E) is a fast developing cosmopolitan city with large number of industries and educational institutions. The development has lead to a large number of vehicles causing heavy traffic. The traffic congestion at Coimbatore has been a major problem which causes traffic jams and accidents. The major reason for traffic has been the mofussil buses that operate in the city. Around 1300 mofussil buses enter into the city, these buses play an important role in traffic congestion. The best solution is to construct a centralized bus stand at the outskirts of the city. This would reduce the traffic, accidents and also leads to development of the outskirts of the city. A suitable location near the city with sufficient road access to connecting cities has been chosen and the bus terminus has been designed, modeled with all facilities and features.
A REVIEW STUDY ON GAS-SOLID CYCLONE SEPARATOR USING LAPPLE MODEL | J4RV4I1001Journal For Research
Cyclone is the most commonly used device to separate dust particles from gas and dust flow. The performance of cyclone separator can be measured in terms of collection efficiency and pressure drop. Parameters like Inlet Flow velocity, the particle size distribution in feed, dimensions of inlet and outlet ducts and cyclone affects the performance of cyclone significantly. Various Mathematical models used for calculation of cut off diameter of separator, flow rate, target efficiency and no. of vortex inside the cyclone to design and study to check the performance of existing cyclone separator. Also new dimensions can be design with help of models. Here, in this study the efficiency achieved with Lapple model cumulatively 86.47%.
During past few years, brain tumor segmentation in CT has become an emergent research area in the field of medical imaging system. Brain tumor detection helps in finding the exact size and location of tumor. An efficient algorithm is proposed in this project for tumor detection based on segmentation and morphological operators. Firstly quality of scanned image is enhanced and then morphological operators are applied to detect the tumor in the scanned image. The problem with biopsy is that the patient has to be hospitalized and also the results (around 15%) give false negative. Scan images are read by radiologist but it's a subjective analysis which requires more experience. In the proposed work we segment the renal region and then classify the tumors as benign or malignant by using ANFIS, which is a non-invasive automated process. This approach reduces the waiting time of the patient.
USE OF GALVANIZED STEELS FOR AUTOMOTIVE BODY- CAR SURVEY RESULTS AT COASTAL A...Journal For Research
An extensive study of automotive body corrosion was conducted in Mumbai area to track corrosion performance of currently used materials of construction for automotive, especially cars with low end cost. The study consisted of a wide range of areas, starting from a closed car parking to several coastal and other humid regions such as Juhu Beach, Varsova beach and other adjoining areas. Data such as visible perforations, paint blisters, and surface rust were seen especially at vulnerable areas such as doors, mudguards, bonnet areas etc. Also, a comparison was done with low cost cars built with normal steel with those built using galvanized steels.
The main objective of our work is to deliver the goods at proper time by an unmanned drone. An Autonomous drone for delivering the goods such as bombs, medical kids, and foods mainly for military uses. This drone was used for dispatching the bombs and armed guns in battle field. And it is also used for delivering the medicines and foods for soldiers in our country borders.
SURVEY ON A MODERN MEDICARE SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS | J4RV3I12024Journal For Research
Since the population of the world is aging rapidly, how to provide appropriate health care to the elderly and unwell people becomes an important issue and draws high attention from medical, academic and industrial fields of the society. The Internet of Things (IoT) drives the evolution of the Internet and is regarded as a great potential to improve quality of life for the surging number of elderly people, significantly. As Android operating system gains immense popularity nowadays, it is a trend to make use of it for the wider access of IoT utility. This project presents a health monitoring system prototype based on IoT, with the increasing use of sensors by medical devices, remote and continuous monitoring of a patient’s health. This network of sensors and other mobile communication devices referred to as the Internet of Things for Medical Devices (IoT-MD), is poised to revolutionize the functioning of the healthcare industry. Untimed medicine administration can always show adverse effects on the health of the patients. The proposed system is designed to help these patients to take the required medicine in the right proportion at the right time. The basic ideology is integrating the principle of IoT with weight-based slot sensing on a normal pillbox. To make it more state-of-the-art, it is inbuilt with a Wi-Fi module for alerting the patient and also the chemist at the needed instant using IoT.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
UNDERSTANDING CONSUMERS- ONLINE PURCHASING BEHAVIOURS IN PUNE CITY
1. Journal for Research| Volume 01| Issue 12 | February 2016
ISSN: 2395-7549
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 12
Understanding Consumers’ online Purchasing
Behaviors in Pune City
Tapan Patel Dr. Mamta Alok Mishra
PG Student Professor & Head
Department of Management Department of Management
Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune
Abstract
The Internet has captivated the attention of retail marketers. The Internet, as a retail outlet, is moving from its infancy used by
only a few to a market with significant potential. The purpose of the study was to explore the attitudes of respondents toward
purchasing products on the internet. Four groups of respondents were examined. To attract all four groups of consumers to
Internet buying, e-tailers need to tailer specific parts of his or her marketing campaign to meet the specific demands and needs of
each group. When testing the research results, the consumer factor and marketing factor had adequate internal consistency, while
the technology factor failed to give any meaningful conclusions. The Internet buyers group and non-buyers groups shared
dissimilar attitudes towards consumer and marketing factors. Internet buyers group and non-buyers group significantly varied in
their intention to make online purchases.
Keywords: Internet users, online transactions, Potential Customers, Retailing
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Today the Internet has captivated the attention of retail marketers. The Internet, as a retail outlet, is moving from its infancy used
by only a few to a market with significant potential. There is only limited research on the buyer who actually completes an online
transaction. This research expands the literature by exploring who was the Internet buyer (BY) and comparing him or her to the
three generally accepted non-buyer categories of the non-web user (NW), the online store visitor (WV), or the person who
intended to buy online but did not complete the transaction (BR).
The purpose of the study was to explore the attitudes of respondents toward purchasing products on the internet. Four groups
were examined including: The non-web user (NW); the visitor (WV) - no intent to purchase online; the browser (BR)- has
intention but has never purchased; and the online buyer (BY).
When testing the research results, the consumer factor and marketing factor had adequate internal consistency to be used in the
study, while the technology factor failed to give any meaningful conclusions. Besides offering some general approaches to
increasing the number and frequency of online purchases, the research offers specific insights as to how each group differs in
their thoughts about buying products online. To attract all four groups of consumers to Internet buying, e-tailers need to tailer
specific parts of his or her marketing campaign to meet the specific demands and needs of each group. They need to understand
that just as in brick and mortar retailing the Internet customer is not a homogeneous group. It represents a variety of individuals
with different attitudes and online shopping intentions. E-tailers need to focus on what the consumers want in exchange for their
money, time, and effort not only in terms of product and customer service but also Internet experience.
II. OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM
Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of this research was to explore the differences between four potential groups of web users,
- the current non-web user,
- the user who only visits web stores with no intention to buy,
- the Internet browser who has intention to purchase online but has never done so,
- the person who has made an online purchase.
Need for the Study:
There is only limited research on the buyer who actually completes an online transaction. This research expands the literature by
exploring who was the Internet buyer (BY) and comparing him or her to the three generally accepted non-buyer categories of the
non-web user (NW), the online store visitor (WV), or the person who intended to buy online but did not complete the transaction
(BR). This research will analyze the significant factors in previous online shoppers research to determine if those factors are also
influential for the online buyers.
2. Understanding Consumers’ online Purchasing Behaviors in Pune City
(J4R/ Volume 01 / Issue 12 / 003)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 13
Research Motive:
At any given time there are millions of people online and each of them is a potential customer for a company providing online
sales. Due to the rapid development of the technologies surrounding the Internet, a company that is interested in selling products
from its web site will constantly has to search for an edge in the fierce competition.
Since there are so many potential consumers, it is of the out most importance to be able to understand what the consumer
wants and needs. The importance of analysing and identifying factors that influence the consumer when he or she decides to
purchase on the Internet is vital. Since the Internet is a new medium for there have been new demands set by the consumer. That
is why it is crucial for the online retailers to know what influences the online consumer. Analysing consumer behaviour is not a
new phenomenon. The renowned marketing expert Philip Kotler has published several works on the topic of consumer behaviour
theories. These theories have been used for many years not only to understand the consumer, but also create a marketing strategy
that will attract the consumer efficiently. Hence, understanding and identifying the consumer is closely related to the directions a
company will take with their marketing strategy. These theories can also be applied to identify the online consumer and to create
certain consumer segments. However, some distinctions must still be made when considering traditional consumer behaviour and
online consumer behaviour.
Since online retailing is a new retailing medium and online consumer behaviour is diverse from traditional consumer
behaviour, one must identify what influences the online consumer. Analysing the process that the online consumer goes through
when deciding and making a purchase over the Internet, shows some factors that consumers consider. These factors need to be
identified and taken into account by online retailers in order to satisfy consumer demands and compete in the online market.
Scope:
The research will assist online merchants and web designers to develop online environments that can increase the use of the web
for current online buyers and influence the non-buyer and his or her intention to buy.
Limitations:
This study is limited to only Pune and result may differ if conducted in other regions.
Evaluation is based on the primary data generated through questionnaire and accuracy of the findings entirely depends on the
accuracy of such data and unbiased responses of the respondents.
There are a number of factors influencing the online consumer. However, this research will try to identify the main factors
influencing the online consumer and will, therefore, try to limit these to a few in order to be able to investigate the effect on the
online consumer.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
In the article ‘Retailers upbeat’ published in Times of India 30 November 2013.
Retail businesses are the most visible segment of an economy. Private researchers have reported that 3 million retail
businesses existed in India in 2009. Retail sales add significantly to a country’s economic engine. In 2013, India's retail sales
were expected to reach Rs. 8097 Cr. modes of Retailing Consumers today have more shopping choices than ever before with
traditional retail stores, catalogs, and various cable television shopping opportunities, as well as the Internet. Yet for all of its
diversity, retailing can be categorized into two broad types:
In-Store and Non-Store:
In-store retailing, or brick and mortar, is the typical retailing method and represents the format where consumers come to a
building where salespersons display and demonstrate the merchandise and its benefits, take orders and delivers the merchandise
directly to the customer whereas non store retailing includes the telemarketing, catalogue sales, door-to-door sales and television
shopping,
Telemarketing:
Telemarketing is a direct selling of goods and services by telephone. India accounts for over 40% of the global BPO market. Of
the top 10 BPO destinations in the world, five are in Asia, with India's dominant share ensuring that nearly 26% of South Asia's
exports come from services. Within services, the key segments are business process outsourcing and short- term migration.
Source: http://www.nordiclabourjournal.org/i-fokus/youths-work environment/article.2013-10-09.7210069409
Catalogue sales:
A retailing method where customers receive a catalogue and then purchases merchandise by placing an order usually either by
phone or mail. This category also includes sales that are the 10 result of other printed advertising materials such as fliers.
Catalogue shopping represented $2 billion sales in India in 2006. It is the catalog shopper who is most often considered the likely
online consumer. Source: "6 Reasons to Convert your Print Catalog to an Online Catalog".
3. Understanding Consumers’ online Purchasing Behaviors in Pune City
(J4R/ Volume 01 / Issue 12 / 003)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 14
Door to Door sales:
This category represents the sale of goods or services with a purchase price of Rs.500.00 or more in which the seller, or his
representative, personally solicits the sale and the purchase is made at the buyer’s home or at a place other than the seller’s
regular place of business. Source: - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door-to-door
Television Shopping:
There are three subset categories of television shopping including home shopping networks, infomercials, and the short-form
commercial. Home shopping networks are a retail format in which customers see products displayed during an often continuous
television program, customers place orders for the merchandise by phone. It is dominated by Home Shopping 18, TeleBrands,
with Rs50 Cr. in total sales in together 2012. The infomercial is a three to 60 minute paid television advertisement that mixes
entertainment with product demonstrations and solicits consumer orders via the telephone. It is a long version of the
conventional commercial and focuses on persuading potential customers to make a direct response purchase.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infomercial In the research paper ‘Current Use of Internet and A Profile of the Internet
User’ published in The Journal of Consumer Affairs 2010, the authors Fernandez, Ana, and Anthony D. Miyazaki opine that the
Internet represents a globally linked network of computers providing people, businesses and corporations, educational
institutions, governmental agencies and even countries the ability to communicate electronically. Many studies have investigated
the use of the Internet and found that it is most commonly used for information searching, product searching, shopping, sending
e-cards, on-line banking, paying bills, communicating (including email and chatting), listening to music, playing games, and
surfing (to browse or look at information on the web by pointing and clicking and navigating in a nonlinear way)
E-Tailing:
Besides electronics gadgets, apparel and jewellery, home and kitchen appliances, lifestyle accessories like watches, books,
beauty products and perfumes, baby products witnessed significant upward movement in last one year.
According to a survey, India's e-commerce market, which stood at $2.5 billion in 2009, reached $8.5 billion in 2012 and rose 88
per cent to touch $16 billion in 2013. The survey estimates the country's e-commerce market to reach $56 billion by 2023, driven
by rising online retail.
As per responses by 3,500 traders and organized retailers in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Ahmadabad and Kolkata
who participated in the survey, online shopping grew at a rapid pace in 2013 due to aggressive online discounts, rising fuel prices
and availability of abundant online options. Among the cities, Mumbai topped the list of online shoppers followed by Delhi,
while Kolkata ranked third, the survey found.
To make the most of increasing online shopping trends, more companies are collaborating with daily deal and discount sites,
the survey pointed out. The products that are sold most are in the tech and fashion category, including mobile phones, ipads,
accessories, MP3 players, digital cameras and jewellery, among others, if found.
India has Internet base of around 150 million as of August, 2013. As per the results of survey ‘Having close to 10 per cent of
Internet penetration in India throws a very big opportunity for online retailers to grow and expand as future of Internet seems
very bright".
Those who are reluctant to shop online cited reasons like preference to research products and services online (30 per cent),
finding delivery costs too high (20), fear of sharing personal financial information online (25) and lack of trust on whether
products would be delivered in good condition (15), while 10 per cent do not have a credit or debit card.
Poel and Leunis (1999) suggested that the consumer’s adoption of the Internet for retail purchases focused on three attributes,
money back guarantees, price reductions, and well-known brands. Regan (2002) examined that the factors that would most
strongly increase online shopping would be:
1) An increase in major catalog retailers taking steps to 14 convert customers into web buyers, and
2) Overcoming the tactile need of online shoppers to become more comfortable with buying clothing without first touching or trying on the
garment.
The Internet Shopper:
A Profile Research of the Internet shopper has typically included demographic questions of age, education and household
income. Over time the Internet buyer, once considered the innovator or early adopter, has changed. While once young,
professional males with higher educational levels, incomes, tolerance for risk, social status and a lower dependence on the mass
media or the need to patronize established retail channels, today’s Internet buyer shows a diversity of income and education. For
Internet buyers, gender, marital status, residential location, age, education, and household income were frequently found to be
important predictors of Internet purchasing.
It was found that Internet buyers were more often opinion leaders, impulsive, and efficient Internet users. They trusted web
security, were satisfied with existing web sites and had a positive shopping orientation. The potential adopters of the interactive
electronic shopping medium perceived a relative advantage of using the Internet over other shopping format. They also found the
Internet users to be innovators or early adopters. In order for the Internet to expand as a retail channel, it is important to
understand the consumer’s attitude, intent and behaviour in light of the online buying experience: i.e., why they use or hesitate to
use it for purchasing? Consumer attitudes seem to have a significant influence on this decision yet individual attitudes do not, by
4. Understanding Consumers’ online Purchasing Behaviors in Pune City
(J4R/ Volume 01 / Issue 12 / 003)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 15
themselves, influence one’s intention and/or behaviour. Instead that intention or behaviour is a result of a variety of attitudes that
the consumer has about a variety of issues relevant to the situation at hand, in this case online buying.
IV. RESEARCH DESIGN
Sampling method: Simple Random sampling Collected sample: 200
Selected sample: 183 Research territories: Pune city.
Secondary Data
The Researcher had mainly used documentary secondary data combined with multiple source data. Documentary secondary data
has been the data collected through different types of research conducted within the topic, articles, and books that are written on
consumer behaviour and ecommerce. This type of data has been the fundamental source for gaining knowledge within the topic
in order for the researcher to be able approach the research problem.
The secondary data that the researcher used for research is data that has also lead to the conclusion of which factors that will be
examined.
V. DATA ANALYSIS AND ANTERPRETATION
Online Shoppers
Fig. 1: Purchase Products on Internet
Table - 1
Purchase products on Internet? No. of Respondents
Yes 136
No 47
Interpretation:
About 74% respondent said that they buy Products from Online Retailers, while 26% people said that they prefer local shops
over internet purchase. From this data it can be observed that a large number of people are starting to or are already buying
online. This shows the availability of a large market waiting to be captured by e-tailors.
Observations Based on Demographics:
Age:
Table - 2
Age Group Purchased Online
10-20 21
21-30 52
31-40 28
41-50 19
51-60 15
61+ 1
Fig. 2: Online buyers by age group
5. Understanding Consumers’ online Purchasing Behaviors in Pune City
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a) Interpretation:
Age group from 21-30 has availability of more disposable income and are aware enough to prefer to buy online. Respondents
belonging to age group below 20 i.e. 10-20 tend to buy less due to lack of availability of finance as well as means to buy
online(Credit card etc.).
Income:
Table - 3
Average Monthly Income
Online Purchase
(n=136)
No Income 33
1-20,000 24
20,000-40,000 41
40,000-60,000 22
60,000 + 16
Fig. 3: Purchase Comparison Based on Income group
Among a total of 136 respondents who did shopping online majority belonged to income group ranging from 20,000-
40,000. People belonging to income group 20,000-40,000 have enough disposable income to spend and are price conscious
whish leads them to buy online at competitive prices. Respondents in this group mostly belonged to age group from 21-30.
VI. FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS
When testing the research results, the consumer factor and marketing factor had adequate internal consistency to be used in the
study, while the technology factor failed to give any meaningful conclusions. The Internet buyers group and non-buyers groups
shared dissimilar attitudes towards consumer and marketing factors. Internet buyers group and non-buyers group significantly
varied in their intention to make online purchases.
Finally the respondent’s intent to repurchase the same product, the two groups of buyers were found to be significantly
different in gender, ethnicity, Internet use ability, and the consumer factor. Besides offering some general approaches to
increasing the number and frequency of online purchases, the data offers specific insights as to how each group differs in their
thoughts about buying products online. Such insights offer e-tailers suggestions on how to more effectively reach each segment
and perhaps move them into Internet buyers.
Non-web shoppers:
Non-web shoppers were those consumers who reported that they never shopped online. While scoring the lowest in their
consumer and marketing attitudes, this group did have fairly high intentions to use the Internet for shopping, scoring higher than
web-store visitors. Training, the clerk could provide information regarding that company’s Internet shopping’s security
protection. These services would let the non-web shopper experience the convenience, speed, simplicity of the process,
availability of detailed product information and, hopefully, enjoyment the surfing experience and realize the ease of buying
online instead of waiting at the checkout line at the traditional retail store.
Web-Store Visitors:
Web-store visitors were the consumers who browsed Internet stores but had no specific intention to purchase products on the
Internet. The web-store visitors’ major Internet use (68%) was for communication and entertainment such as email, chatting,
sending cards, playing games, and/or listening to music. To move this group into being an Internet buyer, the e-tailer might want
to focus on what this group does like to do online, communicate, surf, and find entertainment.
The e-tailer can first form a relationship with the consumer. This can be done by providing good product information plus
highlighting upcoming events and sales occurring in its traditional stores plus they can send general product information and
6. Understanding Consumers’ online Purchasing Behaviors in Pune City
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highlight product availability. They can also open a communication site and/or an entertainment site in order to first attract the
web store visitors to visit their online site for a purpose other than shopping.
The idea is to build awareness and a long-term relationship.
Internet Browsers:
Internet browsers were the consumers who shopped through the Internet with an intention to purchase a product but had not yet
completed an online transaction. Internet browsers and buyers presented similar characteristics and attitudes toward Internet
shopping. Internet browsers had the second highest intention score and also the second highest factor scores on both their attitude
towards the consumer issues and their attitude towards the marketing issues of the Internet. Yet they have never completed an
online purchase thus suggesting there are some issues that need to be overcome. Because Internet browsers have positive
attitudes toward the use of the Internet as an alternative shopping tool, there may be several things the e-tailer can try.
Internet Buyers:
The goal of marketing is to increase sales and profits. Marketing professionals know that the ability to increase sales is often
most easily done by focusing on the current buyers. It is the analyzing and understanding of the current buyers’ purchasing
behaviors where marketers and e-tailers should perhaps make their first move towards the development of a more fully integrated
marketing and communication plan. The Internet buyers were the consumers who had purchased a product through the Internet.
Based on these findings, the Internet buyers were mostly single with some income and lived off-campus. They had a computer
and Internet access, considered their Internet skills as good, and had more years of Internet using experience as opposed to any of
the groups who had not made an online purchase. Internet buyers had a positive attitude toward the consumer and marketing
factors of Internet purchasing and they also showed a higher intention for future online shopping than Internet non buyers.
VII. CONCLUSION
The Internet, as a retail outlet, is moving from its infancy used by only a few to a market with significant potential. There has
been remarkable growth in Internet sales, but there is evidence which suggest that there are many consumers shopping with
intent to buy at retail websites who for some reason do not complete the transaction.
Due to the rapid development of the technologies surrounding the Internet, a company that is interested in selling products
from its web site has constantly to search for an edge in the fierce competition.
To attract all four groups of consumers to Internet buying, e-tailers will need to tailor specific parts of his or her marketing
campaign to meet the specific demands and needs of each group.
They need to understand that just as in brick and mortar retailing the Internet customer is not a homogeneous group. It
represents a variety of individuals with different attitudes and online shopping intentions. E-tailers need to focus on what the
consumers want in exchange for their money, time, and effort not only in terms of product and customer service but also Internet
experience.
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