This deck reviews the challenges and opportunities associated with electric vehicle deployment in U.S. cities.

1. IMAGE: FLICKR/AARON CROWE
UNDERSTANDING CITY
OPPORTUNITIES TO SCALE
THE EV TRANSITION
January 13, 2021

2. AGENDA
• 2:00 PM: Welcome Remarks, Introductions & Discussion of Challenges and
Opportunities for EV Deployment
Erika Myers & Robi Robichaud, World Resources Institute
• 2:20 PM: LADWP Electric Transportation Program
Yamen Nanne, Electric Transport Supervisor, City of Los Angeles
EV Charging Stations Attached to Streetlight Presentation
Clinton Tsurui, Street Lighting Engineer, City of Los Angeles
• 2:35 PM: City Data Use for EVSE Deployment Presentation
Mark Simon, EV Policy Director, NYCDOT, New York City
• 2:50 PM: Small Group Breakout Discussions
• 3:20 PM: Large Group Report Out From Breakouts
• 3:30 PM: Discussion on Next Steps

3. Image: Flo EV Charging
 Most streetlight charging installations are level 2
 Requires 240V power supply (connections in U.S. may need upgrades)
Charging Level:
Infrastructure Cost:
 Generally lower than a comparable public level 2 charger
 Costs range between $1,800 and $7,000, including installation
 A few companies are working in this space, most notable is Ubitricity
 Others include Flo, ChargePoint, Greenlots and ebee
Manufacturers:
STREETLIGHT CHARGING BASICS

4. Images: Car Dealer Magazine | electrek |Auto Futures | City of LA | Green Car Reports | The Irish Times
STREETLIGHT CHARGING

5. Advantages Disadvantages
 Reduces sidewalk footprint
 Limit zoning/permitting
requirements
 Lower installation costs
 Opportunity to upgrade aging
infrastructure, and improving
energy efficiency
 Limited by the extent of existing
streetlights
 Only 5% of streetlights in the U.S.
can support charging as they stand,
potentially requiring:
 LED lighting fixtures
 Independent power control
 Power supply upgrades
 Integrating metering with the local
electric utility
STREETLIGHT CHARGING

6. London, UK
 300 chargers
 Ubitricity + Siemens
Berlin, Germany
 1000 chargers planned
with Ubitricity
Paris, France
 Streetlight pilot
New Westminster, Canada
 15 charger pilot
 Flo + Clipper Creek
Seattle, WA
 20 chargers
 BMW streetlight chargers
Los Angeles, CA
 431 chargers
 Flo, ChargePoint, Greenlots
 City-wide streetlight
upgrade initiative
Toronto, Canada
 11 charger pilot
New York City, NY
 Streetlight pilot with Ubitricity
 NY State streetlight upgrade initiative
Lancaster, CA
 5 charger pilot with Ebee
CITY INVESTMENTS IN STREETLIGHT
CHARGING

7. CITY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR
EV DEPLOYMENT
ISSUES & PLANNING
– CITY FLEET
– CITY-WIDE

8. UNDERSTANDING CITY FLEET USAGE
CITY FLEET
CITY FLEET
# of Passenger
Cars
# of Specialized
Trucks, Vans, etc
Start End Hours of
Potential Use
Average Hours
of Actual Use
(# vehicles) (# cars) (# trucks, vans,
other)
(hr of day) (hr of day) (hrs/day) (hrs/day)
Centralized Offices
Mayor's Office 3 3 0 8 am - 8 pm 12 4
City Council 12 12 0 8 am - 8 pm 12 4
Legal 6 6 8 am - 8 pm 12 2
Family Housing 2 1 1 6 am - 10 pm 16 10
Separate Campus - Centralized
Public Works 24 8 16 6 am - 6 pm 12 8
Transportation 17 12 5 6 am - 6 pm 12 6
Decentralized
Police 32 28 4 12 am 12 pm 24 12
Fire 14 3 11 12 am 12 pm 24 4
Water & Utilities 6 3 3 8 am - 8 pm 10 8
Parks & Recreation 12 8 4 6 am - 6 pm 12 8
Library 4 4 0 8 am - 6 pm 10 4
Scheduled Usage
# of Dedicated Vehicles
CITY FLEET
# of Passenger
Cars
# of Specialized
Trucks, Vans, etc
Start End Hours of
Potential Use
Average Hours
of Actual Use
(# vehicles) (# cars) (# trucks, vans,
other)
(hr of day) (hr of day) (hrs/day) (hrs/day)
Centralized Offices
Mayor's Office 3 3 0 8 am - 8 pm 12 4
City Council 12 12 0 8 am - 8 pm 12 4
Legal 6 6 8 am - 8 pm 12 2
Family Housing 2 1 1 6 am - 10 pm 16 10
Separate Campus - Centralized
Public Works 24 8 16 6 am - 6 pm 12 8
Transportation 17 12 5 6 am - 6 pm 12 6
Decentralized
Police 32 28 4 12 am 12 pm 24 12
Fire 14 3 11 12 am 12 pm 24 4
Water & Utilities 6 3 3 8 am - 8 pm 10 8
Parks & Recreation 12 8 4 6 am - 6 pm 12 8
Library 4 4 0 8 am - 6 pm 10 4
Scheduled Usage
# of Dedicated Vehicles

9. UNDERSTANDING CITY FLEET USAGE
CITY FLEET
CITY FLEET
# of Passenger
Cars
# of Specialized
Trucks, Vans, etc
Start End Hours of
Potential Use
Average Hours
of Actual Use
(# vehicles) (# cars) (# trucks, vans,
other)
(hr of day) (hr of day) (hrs/day) (hrs/day)
Centralized Offices
Mayor's Office 3 3 0 8 am - 8 pm 12 4
City Council 12 12 0 8 am - 8 pm 12 4
Legal 6 6 8 am - 8 pm 12 2
Family Housing 2 1 1 6 am - 10 pm 16 10
Separate Campus - Centralized
Public Works 24 8 16 6 am - 6 pm 12 8
Transportation 17 12 5 6 am - 6 pm 12 6
Decentralized
Police 32 28 4 12 am 12 pm 24 12
Fire 14 3 11 12 am 12 pm 24 4
Water & Utilities 6 3 3 8 am - 8 pm 10 8
Parks & Recreation 12 8 4 6 am - 6 pm 12 8
Library 4 4 0 8 am - 6 pm 10 4
Scheduled Usage
# of Dedicated Vehicles Total Miles
Driven - All Cars
Daily Weekly Annual Annual
(miles) (miles) (miles) (miles)
9 pm - 7 am 10 Yes 12 60 3,120 9,360
9 pm - 7 am 10 Yes 10 50 2,600 31,200
9 pm - 7 am 10 Yes 15 75 3,900 23,400
11 pm - 5 am 6 Yes 24 120 6,240 6,240
7 pm - 5 am 10 42 210 10,920 87,360
7 pm - 5 am 10 Yes 40 200 10,400 124,800
Yes - partial fleet 143 715 37,180 1,041,040
Yes - intermittent 26 130 6,760 20,280
9 pm - 7 am 10 Yes 36 180 9,360 28,080
7 pm - 5 am 10 Yes - partial fleet 44 220 11,440 91,520
7 pm - 7 am 12 Yes 12 60 3,120 12,480
Miles Driven per Vehicle (cars)
Best Hours for
Charging
Duration of
Hours for
Charging
Available for
Intermittent Daytime
Charging
Total Miles
Driven - All Cars
Daily Weekly Annual Annual
(miles) (miles) (miles) (miles)
9 pm - 7 am 10 Yes 12 60 3,120 9,360
9 pm - 7 am 10 Yes 10 50 2,600 31,200
9 pm - 7 am 10 Yes 15 75 3,900 23,400
11 pm - 5 am 6 Yes 24 120 6,240 6,240
7 pm - 5 am 10 42 210 10,920 87,360
7 pm - 5 am 10 Yes 40 200 10,400 124,800
Yes - partial fleet 143 715 37,180 1,041,040
Yes - intermittent 26 130 6,760 20,280
9 pm - 7 am 10 Yes 36 180 9,360 28,080
7 pm - 5 am 10 Yes - partial fleet 44 220 11,440 91,520
7 pm - 7 am 12 Yes 12 60 3,120 12,480
Miles Driven per Vehicle (cars)
Best Hours for
Charging
Duration of
Hours for
Charging
Available for
Intermittent Daytime
Charging

10. UNDERSTANDING CITY FLEET USAGE
CITY FLEET
CITY FLEET
# of Passenger
Cars
# of Specialized
Trucks, Vans, etc
Start End Hours of
Potential Use
Average Hours
of Actual Use
(# vehicles) (# cars) (# trucks, vans,
other)
(hr of day) (hr of day) (hrs/day) (hrs/day)
Centralized Offices
Mayor's Office 3 3 0 8 am - 8 pm 12 4
City Council 12 12 0 8 am - 8 pm 12 4
Legal 6 6 8 am - 8 pm 12 2
Family Housing 2 1 1 6 am - 10 pm 16 10
Separate Campus - Centralized
Public Works 24 8 16 6 am - 6 pm 12 8
Transportation 17 12 5 6 am - 6 pm 12 6
Decentralized
Police 32 28 4 12 am 12 pm 24 12
Fire 14 3 11 12 am 12 pm 24 4
Water & Utilities 6 3 3 8 am - 8 pm 10 8
Parks & Recreation 12 8 4 6 am - 6 pm 12 8
Library 4 4 0 8 am - 6 pm 10 4
Scheduled Usage
# of Dedicated Vehicles
Total Miles
Driven - All Cars
Replacement
Cycles
Annual Departmental
(miles) (years) (phase)
9,360 9 Phase II
31,200 10 Phase I
23,400 8 Phase III
6,240 7 Phase II
87,360 6 Phase II
124,800 6 Phase I
1,041,040 5 Phase II
20,280 7 Phase III
28,080 7 Phase III
91,520 6 Phase I
12,480 9 Phase III
Best
Candidates for
EV Transition
Total Miles
Driven - All Cars
Replacement
Cycles
Annual Departmental
(miles) (years) (phase)
9,360 9 Phase II
31,200 10 Phase I
23,400 8 Phase III
6,240 7 Phase II
87,360 6 Phase II
124,800 6 Phase I
1,041,040 5 Phase II
20,280 7 Phase III
28,080 7 Phase III
91,520 6 Phase I
12,480 9 Phase III
Best
Candidates for
EV Transition
Total Miles
Driven - All Cars
Replacement
Cycles
Annual Departmental
(miles) (years) (phase)
9,360 9 Phase II
31,200 10 Phase I
23,400 8 Phase III
6,240 7 Phase II
87,360 6 Phase II
124,800 6 Phase I
1,041,040 5 Phase II
20,280 7 Phase III
28,080 7 Phase III
91,520 6 Phase I
12,480 9 Phase III
Best
Candidates for
EV Transition
CONSIDERATIONS:
Do changes need to be made in city
procurement practices for EV
transition?
Higher initial cost for vehicles,
especially specialty vehicles.
Lower fuel costs on annual basis
Lower O&M costs on annual basis

11. EXAMINE YOUR UTILITY RATE STRUCTURE
CITY FLEET
30% difference between peak and off-peak charging.
30% Less 18% Less
If your city fleet is 3 vehicles, who cares?
If your city fleet is 800 vehicles, that is a lot of cost savings in
charging for simply adjusting “when you charge.”
Compared to summer – seems hardly worth it.
But you will charge your EVs more frequently in the cold.
And you have an off-peak period in the middle of the day.
Great opportunity to implement a Smart Charging program!

12. CITY-WIDE – COLLABORATION UNDERSTANDING COMMON
GOALS
CITY WIDE
CHANGING BEHAVIORS – ROLE OF INCENTIVES, COSTS, CODES, ZONING, CONVENIENCE
• Private EV investment – purchase EVs: commercial fleets, personal vehicles
• Charging behaviors: what type of locations are best? Recreation centers, public parking garages, business parks,
etc.
KEY PARTNERSHIPS AND COLLABORATION
• City Departments – Transportation, Housing, Commercial/Industry, Education, Public Works
• Industry/Commercial Sectors – housing (apartments/condos), retail (malls, downtown), business parks, tourism
• Utilities and other generators (solar and wind farms)
• Regional and/or State Departments – Transportation
• Highway: commuter lanes, charging station location
• Other transportation options: light rail, bus routes, bike lanes/paths
DEVELOP A ROADMAP TO OUTLINE PROCESS
• Balance risk, cost, priorities
• Develop timeline
• Infrastructure investment to support EV adoption
• Mechanisms for acceleration of EV adoption

13. Center City East City
City
Airport
COLLABORATE TO IDENTIFY – WHERE WILL THE CITY GROW
CITY WIDE
New residential development
• Single family
• Apartments
• Condos
Existing residential
neighborhoods in need of
infrastructure upgrades
Existing & new shopping malls
Planned
Apartment
Complexes
Apt #1
Apt #2
Apt #3
Planned
Shopping
Malls
Mall #1
Mall #2
Planned
Industrial
Park
Industrial
Park #1
Planned
Solar
Plants
Planned
Wind
Farms
Existing & new industrial or
business parks
Where possible, tie EV
charging to solar and wind
plants
Identify with utility distribution
feeders getting near capacity
limits
And, of course, there are
electric bus routes & bike paths

14. CITY-WIDE – WHAT DATA WILL HELP
CITY WIDE
IDENTIFICATION OF EARLY ADOPTERS:
• Where are they, how many are there, what charging infrastructure is needed to increase adoption rate?
WHERE DO PEOPLE PARK NOW (for one or more hours at a time)?
REQUIRE DATA COLLECTION AT ALL FREE (and OTHER) CHARGING STATIONS:
COLLECT OTHER PARKING DATA:
• City or private parking garages, parking meters
• Business/industrial parks – work schedules, parking space utilization
• Recreation centers, libraries – hours of operations, visitor counts
• Airports, bus/train depots
• Theaters, shopping malls
• Time of arrival
• Duration of parking
• State of charge at arrival
• Required charging needed
• Beneficial charging desired

15. ELECTRIC
TRANSPORTATION
PROGRAM: LOS ANGELES
Yamen Nanne, Electric Transport Supervisor, City of Los Angeles

16. ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM
WRI EV WORKSHOP
JANUARY 13, 2021
16

17. ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION GOALS
2
EV
State Executive Orders:
• EO B-48-18:
• 250K EV chargers by 2025
• 1.5M Zero-emission Vehicles by 2025 and 5M by 2030
• 1,000 DC Fast Chargers by 2025
• EO N-79-20:
• 100% of NEW passenger vehicles sold in CA be zero-emission by 2035
City Green New Deal:
• 10K public EV chargers by 2022 and 28K by 2028
• 25% zero-emission vehicles by 2025 and 100% by 2050
• 100% fleet and transit be zero-emission by 2028 (where feasible)
• Executive Directive 25: All new sedan purchases be zero-emission
by 2021
•
LADWP Goals:
• 10K Commercial EV Chargers by 2022, 25K by 2025 and 28K by
2028
• 1K Direct Current Fast Chargers by 2025
• 145K EV by 2022 and 580K by 2030

18. ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM STRATEGY
18
DEPLOY EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
LADWP Installed, Owned and Operated EV L2 & DCFC
Charging Infrastructure
CUSTOMER INCENTIVES + OUTREACH
Increasing EV Infrastructure and Awareness
CITY, COUNTY AND STATE PARTNERSHIPS
Incentivizing EV Infrastructure Projects through MOUs

19. LADWP EV REBATE PROGRAMS
• Up to $500 to apply toward the purchase of the charge
• Future Plans: Increase rebate to include installation costs + additional
rebate for dedicated meter install
Residential EV Charging Station
Rebate
• Up to $1,500 to apply toward the purchase of a used BEV / PHEV
Used EV Rebate
• Up to $5,000 to apply toward the purchase and installation of the
charging station
Commercial EV Charging Station
Rebate
• Financial incentive to purchase or upgrade to a networked EV charger
+ rewards for off-peak charging
Residential Smart Charger Incentive
Pilot Program
(In Development)
• Up to $75,000 to apply toward the purchase and installation of the
charger
DC Fast Charger Rebate
• Up to $125,000 to apply toward the purchase and installation of the
charging station
Medium/Heavy-Duty Charger Rebate
19

20. LADWP EQUITY FOCUSED EFFORTS
20
• $150,000 in Community
Partnership Grants
• LADOT/Blue LA funding for
low-income EV car share
program and education and
outreach
• DC Fast Charger installations
at Customer Service Centers
• $1,500 Used EV Rebate
• $5,000 rebate for Level 2 EV Chargers in disadvantaged
Communities
• Marketing of rebates and available charging in disadvantaged
Communities

21. COMMERCIAL EV CHARGER GOALS AND PROGRESS
21
Commercial EV Chargers: Installations at commercial, mixed-use, multi-unit
residential, workplace and other private properties on commercial accounts
10% of 250K
statewide
directive

22. ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS
ATTACHED TO STREETLIGHTS
LA BUREAU OF STREET LIGHTING
Clinton Tsurui, Street Lighting Engineer, City of Los Angeles

23. LA – STREETLIGHT SYSTEM
•223,000 streetlights with over 400 different
styles
•4500 miles of streets are illuminated – 2/3 of
the City.
•LED Conversion Program – 95% converted

24. EV CHARGERS ON
STREETLIGHTS
• City of Los Angeles Sustainable PLAN
“Green New Deal” – Goal to increase the
percentage of electric and zero
emissions vehicles in the City
• EV chargers were required curbside
• Energy reduction on the streetlight system
provided an opportunity to attach EV
stations

25. LA STREETLIGHT
CHARGERS
• 432 Level 2, EV chargers attached
• Meter Grade Accuracy
• Charge $2-$3/hour for use
• This Fiscal Year 53,800+ Charging Sessions
• Three EV Charging Vendors

26. EV
CHARGERS
IN LOS
ANGELES

27. LESSONS LEARNED
THINGS TO BE PREPARED FOR….
MAINTENANCE/DESIGN
• Crew in place/Contract
• Stock Parts
• Staff Assigned – Locations,
Calls etc.
PARKING ORDINANCE
• State/Local Ordinances
• Enforcement/Coordination
COMMUNITY OBJECTION
•Commercial vs Residential
•Local Mailer

28. CITY DATA USE FOR EVSE
DEPLOYMENT CASE
STUDY: NEW YORK

29. EV CHARGING PROGRAMS:
THE PERSPECTIVE OF
NYC GOVERNMENT
Mark Simon, Director of Electric Vehicle Policy
NYC Department of Transportation

30. EXECUTIVE
ORDER 26 SIGNED JUNE 2, 2017
NEW YORK CITY WILL:
• Adopt the principles and goals of the Paris
Agreement consistent with or greater than its own
commitments pursuing efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5° Celsius above pre-
industrial levels
• Work with cities, regional and state partners,
business leaders, the faith community, the public
health community, scientists, activists, and citizens,
and the world to meet our country’s commitment
under the Paris Agreement, to make even more
ambitious future commitments to emissions
reductions, and to support inclusive, healthy and
prosperous communities.

31. EV Fast-Charging Program
ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND NYC’S CLIMATE GOALS
31
• Goals of 80x50 plan and Paris
Climate Agreement Executive
Order 26: Will require significant
electrification of transportation.
• Mayor’s goal for 20% of new
NYC vehicle registrations to be
EV by 2025: More on- and off-
street EV charging necessary to
support increased EV adoption.
Project Introduction

32. EV Fast-Charging Program
NYC’S TRANSPORTATION GHG EMISSIONS
• Transportation: ~30% of NYC GHG
emissions
• Private vehicles: 83.5% of
transportation emissions
• Registered vehicles: 2.2 million light
duty vehicles
• Increasing EV market share is the key
to achieving GHG reduction in
transportation
• Challenge: 50% of vehicles park on
the curb. No access to garage or
driveway
32

33. TRANSPORTATION
GOALS
Avoid -> Shift -> Improve
• By 2050, some trips will no longer be
needed due to improvements in
technology, others will be shifted to a
low-carbon mode
• Supports improving transit, expanding
bike share, and creating protected bike
lanes
• The City’s infrastructure investments
promote the shift to sustainable modes

34. EV
OWNERSHIP
& PUBLICLY
ACCESSIBLE
EV
CHARGING
LOCATIONS

35. TRANSPORTATION
GOALS: MUNICIPAL
FLEET
• Goal: 50% reduction in greenhouse
gas emissions by 2025; 80% by 2035
• Currently:
• Over 2000 EVs in the fleet, ahead of
goal of having 2000 EV sedans by
2025
• 800 L2 chargers for fleet use; 87 of
which are solar carports.
• $10 million dollars allocated to fleet
fast charging. First 15 in operation

36. EV Fast-Charging Program
Surface Lot Fast Charging Site
Garage Site* White Plains
Muni Field
Essex St. Garage
Court Square
Muni Garage
Park Ave/Vanderbilt
(Under BQE)
Queens Village
Municipal Lot
Bensonhurst #1
Parking Field
New Dorp Lane
Parking Field
*Note: Court Square Muni Garage and Essex St. Garage are exempt
from PDC review as they are located in parking garages
FAST CHARGING SITES FOR THE PUBLIC

37. EV Fast-Charging Program
PHASE I: DELANCEY & COURT SQUARE DC HUBS
37
2 DC Hubs, each with 3X50 kW charges and 1X150 kW plus 2-4 level II chargers. Future
proofed for increased power.
• Cost: $1.55 million – in line with original cost estimates

38. EV Fast-Charging Program
CURBSIDE CHARGER: 120 UNITS TO BE DEPLOYED 2020/21
38

39. EV Fast-Charging Program
THE ROLE OF FOR HIRE VEHICLES AND LAST MILE FREIGHT
DELIVERY
• NY City taxi industry crippled first by Uber and Lyft and then by
the pandemic. No appetite to increased regulation.
• NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission capped the FHV sector in
2019. Exemptions created for EV and accessibility.
• 1.5 years ago, 5 BEV FHV’s. Now 300+
• Industry complaining about lack of DC fast charging
• Lyft announced in June fleet to be 100% electric by 2030.
• NYC Economic Development Corp seeking proposals to build
charging for urban delivery fleets.

40. EV Fast-Charging Program
USER-SUPPLIED CORD STATUS
40
• This solution is making inroads in
London and we believe that a cordless
approach offers a less cumbersome
solution to a busy sidewalk with many
kinds (20+) of street furniture.
• Grant ($100,000) to be used for design
and grounding engineering for typical
NYC street pole. Challenges include:
• Typical street pole only 110 V power
and not metered
• Cords with built-in meter not
acceptable at this time

41. EV Fast-Charging Program
THANK YOU!
Mark Simon
Director, EV Policy
NYC DOT
msimon@dot.nyc.gov
41

42. NEXT STEPS
What can WRI do to best support cities on one or more of
these issues?
• Analytic/data needs to making impactful investment
• Technical assistance with roadmapping city pathways for
EV transition
• Smart charging
• EV planning in coordination with GHG reduction goals,
Smart City planning
• Renewables integration
• Other

43. THANK YOU
Erika Myers, Global Senior Manager, Electric Vehicles
Robi Robichaud, Renewable Energy Technical Lead