The document provides an overview of electric vehicles (EVs), including definitions of different types like battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). It then lists several factors driving EV sales, such as environmental and pollution concerns due to fossil fuels, lower maintenance costs of EVs, and various purchase incentives. The document predicts EVs will disrupt the auto industry as all major automakers commit to electrification and countries implement gas/diesel vehicle bans. It also discusses considerations for purchasing an EV and infrastructure needed to support further EV adoption.

1. The Electric Vehicle
Revolution
August, 2018Jim Hindson P.Eng (ON)
1

2. 2
What is an Electric Vehicle (EV) ?
HEV (Hybrid “Electrified” Vehicle)
These vehicles use an electric motor for start/stop functions and
low speed operation, and are not Electric Vehicles (EVs)
All “Hybrids”
An electric vehicle powered by an electric motor, with the power exclusively
stored in batteries.
BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle)
PHEV (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
PHEVs can be plugged in and are capable of highway speeds in electric-only mode.
Examples:
Leaf, Bolt
Examples:
Volt, Pacifica
BEVs and PHEVs are collectively known as EVs

3. Straw Poll – Show of hands
3
2) Have you driven or had a ride in a 100% electric vehicle?
a) Yes
b) No
1) Your total average daily drive (commute and errands) is
a) More than 80 km (50 miles) per day?
b) Less than 80 km (50 miles) per day ?
3) Have you ever considered purchasing an electric vehicle?
a) Yes
b) No

4. 4
In Canada, oil is predominantly mined
1) The Environmental Impacts of Fossil Fuels
Alberta Tar Sands
What is Driving EV Sales?

5. 5
then pre-processed (to separate the oil from sand)
it takes 8 times more energy to produce a barrel of
tar sands oil than conventional oil
What is Driving EV Sales?

6. 6
then boiled
then transported
What is Driving EV Sales?

7. 7
and finally burned in
the atmosphere
The average Internal Combustion Engine vehicle emits 6 tonnes of CO2 per year
What is Driving EV Sales?

8. 2,795
GIGATONNES CO2
(REPORTED RESERVES)
565
GIGATONNES
2.0 o C
(BUDGET)
Courtesy OurHorizon.org 8
What is Driving EV Sales?
To hold the temperature
increase to 2.0 degrees
we can only emit another
565 gigatonnes of CO2
2) Climate Change Concerns
The transportation sector
represents a major opportunity
to reduce CO2 emissions
Existing Fossil Reserves
= 5 to 6 o C increase

9. 9
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles
Average ICE Vehicle (per year)
Gasoline 2,270 litres (1.8 tons)
CO2 6 tonnes
NOx 40 lbs
VOCs 2 lbs
PM Particulates
Electric Vehicle (per year)
Electricity 4,300 kWh
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) 0
NOx (Nitrous Oxides) 0
VOCs (Volatile Organics) 0
PM (Particulates ) 0
100% Electric vehicles
3) Pollution Concerns
What is Driving EV Sales?

10. 10
4) The Simplicity of Electric Vehicles
- No transmission or clutches
- No pistons, rings, rods, valves or camshafts
- No drive belts for A/C , steering, or alternator
- No sparks plugs, fuel injectors, or turbos
- No timing chain
- No Engine Control Module or sub modules
- No oil system, pollution controls, or sensors
- No headers, catalytic converters, mufflers
or tailpipe
Engine Compartment (Gas) Power Compartment (Electric)
Engine compartment is filled
with complex systems
What is Driving EV Sales?
- Only 3 moving parts to the drive shafts300 + moving parts to the drive shaft

11. 11
5) Confidence
 Absence of major components that wear out
 Absence of severe heating /cooling cycles
 Electric Vehicles always start
 Electric motors are virtually immune to ambient temperatures
and moisture
 Normally exposed underbody components are covered with
plastic panels
 The future could be an average EV lifespan of 20 years and
drivetrains capable of a million miles
What is Driving EV Sales?

12. 12
6) Total Cost of Ownership
What is Driving EV Sales?
 10 - 15% the cost of gasoline per km
 no oil changes or regular maintenance
 brake work is rare (250,000 km plus)
due to EV regenerative braking
 EVs trending to be the same purchase cost by
2023
SAVINGS OF $1,500 - $4,800 per year

13. 13
7) Performance
EVS are very responsive and fun to drive
The battery is located below the half-shafts
lowering the centre of gravity
Electric motors provide 100% of the
available torque (lb-ft) at 0 RPM
What is Driving EV Sales?

14. 14
8) Technology
EVS are associated with high technology features
On screen:
- Mapped routes
- Charger locations
- Charging timers
- Vehicle functions
- Cabin controls
- Over-the-air (OTA) updates
- Internet (Tesla)
What is Driving EV Sales?

15. 15
9) Smooth and Quiet Operation
Nothing compares to the ride of an EV on smooth pavement
What is Driving EV Sales?

16. 16
10) Purchase Cost (entry level)
New : $35K – $49K
Used : $12K – $25K
What is Driving EV Sales?

17. 17
11) Incentives (subject to annual funding)
 Short term purchase incentives in BC of up to $11,000
Up to $5,000 off purchase or
lease of an electric vehicle
$3,000 - $6,000 off the purchase or lease
of a new or used electric vehicle if old
vehicle is scrapped
and
What is Driving EV Sales?
and
75% up to $750 for home charger
75% up to $4,000 for MURB charger
50% up to $4,000 for workplace charger
Help with planning stations for MURBS

18. Straw Poll – Show of hands
18
Why did you sell your last car ?
a) Wanted newer body style or features
b) Lost confidence after a series of expensive repairs
c) It was at the end of its useful life (mileage)
d) Other

19. 19
 Major population centres have a temperate climate - ideal for EVs
 British Columbia average travel is less than the Canadian average
 Major population centres are less than 300 km apart
 Businesses can also go electric
o save operating costs
o project a “Green” image to their customers
The Market for EVs in BC

20. 20
Disruptive technologies
Film cameras disrupted
by digital cameras
CD market disrupted
by thumb drives
TV market disrupted
by flatscreens
The Disruptive “S” curve

21. Projected Electric Vehicle Sales in BC
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2025 2035 2045 2055
EV%ofSales
Year
Gas/Diesel Sales Bans:
o Norway (2025)
o Netherlands (2025)
o Germany (2030)
o India (2030)
o China (TBD)
o UK (2040)
o France (2040)
City Gas/Diesel Bans:
o Paris - Diesel (2024)
o Paris - Gas (2030)
The EV Disruptive effect on the auto industry
21
2018

22. 22
It’s over
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles
are on the way out
The EV Disruptive effect on the auto industry

23. 23
OEM EV Plans
GM Two new all-electric models in 2018, 18 more by 2023
Ford 13 electrified models in next 5 years
VW Two new all-electric models, 20 electric and 30 PHEVs by 2025
Daimler/Benz Electric versions of all models by 2022 ($12 billion invested)
BMW Electric or Plug in versions of all models and 10 new BEVs
Volvo Every vehicle after 2019 to be electrified (includes hybrids)
Hyundai/Kia Additional BEV in 2018, 31 new “eco friendly” models
Toyota Partnership with Mazda to develop EVs
Honda Recent commitment to offer electric models
Jaguar New BEV in 2018 (iPace), all models “electrified” starting in 2020
Land Rover 2018 PHEV, possible all electric version coming later
All major OEMs have now committed to going electric
The EV Disruptive effect on the auto industry

24. 24
The “game changer” – the 320 km (200 mile) EV
EV planning range: 320 km in summer 250 km in winter
Bolt - 380 km
Model 3 - 340 + km
Leaf 2.0 - 340 + km
Kona - 380 km
Tofino
Campbell River
180 km
Hope
150 km
230 km
230 km

25. 25
The “game changer” – the 320 km (200 mile) EV
Electric Vehicle charger locations
240 Volt AC
480 Volt DC

26. 26
EV Type Variable
Level 1
110 Volts
Level 2
240 Volts
Plug – in
Hybrid
Charge Time 5 hrs 2.5 hrs
Typical night
Charge
5 hrs 2.5 hrs
kW rate 1.7 kW 3.3 kW
100% Electric Gen 1
160 km
Leaf /Kia/Smart
Charge Time 12-15 hrs 4 – 7 hrs
Typical night
charge
4-8 hrs 1-2 hrs
kW rate 1.7 kW 3.3 - 10 kW
100% Electric Gen 2
320+ km
Tesla/Bolt
Charge Time 24-30 hours 8 hrs
Typical night
charge
4 -8 hrs 1-2 hrs
kW rate 1.7 kW 6.6 -10 kW
Home Charging
How long does it take to charge ?

27. 27
“Future-proofing” buildings
 Property values will be affected as prospective buyers increasingly
regard EV charging as a “must have”
 Being proactive and keeping up with EV demand will help to
maintain property values and access to all prospective buyers
 Retention of existing owners/tenants
 The “green credentials” advantage
Impacts on Strata Value

28. 28
Considerations in purchasing an Electric Vehicle
Body Style / Range / Charging Speed / Charger Availability
 60 kWh
or PHEV
60 kWh
24 kWh

29. 29
What’s next
What needs to happen next
 Local zoning regulations for EV infrastructure
(Implemented in Richmond and Vancouver in 2018)
 More high speed (DCFC) charging infrastructure
 InterCity travel (public)
 Local business (service & delivery vehicles)
 Fleet electrification
 Businesses (service & delivery vehicles)
 Municipalities

30. 30
Additional Information
Vancouver EV Association veva.ca – Electric Vehicle information
Victoria EV Club victoriaevclub.com - Electric Vehicle Information
YouTube – www.youtube.com information on all popular makes, models and features
Alex on Autos alexonautos.com – comprehensive source of information on vehicles
Charging locations plugshare.com - EV charging locations for Canada and U.S.A.
CEV (Clean Energy Vehicles for BC) cevforbc.ca - $5,000 off an EV
BC Scrap It Program scrapit.ca - $3,000 - $6,000 off an electric vehicle (EV)
Charger Subsidies pluginbc.ca - Ministry of Energy and Mines
Electric Vehicles

31. 31
Additional Information
Multiple Residential Unit Charging Infrastructure
CMHC insideevs.com - EV news and information
MURB Subsidies pluginbc.ca - Ministry of Energy and Mines

32. 32
Q & A