This document discusses different types of applications and internet services. It describes common desktop applications like word processors, web browsers, media players, and games. It also discusses categories of mobile applications. The document then covers different types of internet services including dial-up, DSL, cable, satellite, 3G/4G. It explains the equipment needed like modems, routers, and the differences between modems and routers.
To access and use the internet, you typically need a few basic components and follow some straightforward steps. Here's a general guide:
Components Needed:
Device: You'll need a device capable of connecting to the internet, such as a computer, laptop, smartphone, tablet, or a smart device.
Internet Connection:
Wi-Fi: If using a wireless device, make sure you're in range of a Wi-Fi network. Connect by selecting the appropriate network and entering the password if required.
Ethernet: For wired connections, connect your device to an available Ethernet port using an Ethernet cable.
Internet Service Provider (ISP):
Subscribe to an internet service through an ISP. This may involve setting up an account, choosing a plan, and installing necessary equipment like a modem or router.
Introduction of internet.....
Basic internet terms....
Internet evolution and history......
1G...
2G...
3G...
4G...
Download and Upload...
ONLINE and OFFLINE
Web Server
ISP
URL
Website
Browser
Web page
Hypertext
PRESENTATION
BEST OF LUCK
You may have heard people talking about using an application or an app. But what exactly does that mean? An application (or app) is a type of software that allows you to perform specific tasks. Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called desktop applications, and those for mobile devices are called mobile apps. When you open an application, it runs inside the operating system until you close it. Much of the time, you will have more than one application open at the same time, and this is known as multitasking.
Click here for more!! https://ph.seekweb.com/ws?
To access and use the internet, you typically need a few basic components and follow some straightforward steps. Here's a general guide:
Components Needed:
Device: You'll need a device capable of connecting to the internet, such as a computer, laptop, smartphone, tablet, or a smart device.
Internet Connection:
Wi-Fi: If using a wireless device, make sure you're in range of a Wi-Fi network. Connect by selecting the appropriate network and entering the password if required.
Ethernet: For wired connections, connect your device to an available Ethernet port using an Ethernet cable.
Internet Service Provider (ISP):
Subscribe to an internet service through an ISP. This may involve setting up an account, choosing a plan, and installing necessary equipment like a modem or router.
Introduction of internet.....
Basic internet terms....
Internet evolution and history......
1G...
2G...
3G...
4G...
Download and Upload...
ONLINE and OFFLINE
Web Server
ISP
URL
Website
Browser
Web page
Hypertext
PRESENTATION
BEST OF LUCK
You may have heard people talking about using an application or an app. But what exactly does that mean? An application (or app) is a type of software that allows you to perform specific tasks. Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called desktop applications, and those for mobile devices are called mobile apps. When you open an application, it runs inside the operating system until you close it. Much of the time, you will have more than one application open at the same time, and this is known as multitasking.
Click here for more!! https://ph.seekweb.com/ws?
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
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Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
5. Desktop Applications
There are countless
desktop applications,
and they fall into
several categories.
Some are more full
featured (like Microsoft
Word), while others
may only do one or two
things (like a clock or
calendar app).
Word processors:
A word processor allows you to write a letter, design a flyer,
and create many other types of documents. The most well-
known word processor is Microsoft Word.
Web browsers:
A web browser is the tool you use to access the Internet. Most
computers come with a web browser pre-installed, but you can
also download a different one if you prefer. Examples of
browsers include Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google
Chrome, and Safari.
Media players:
If you want to listen to MP3s or watch movies you've
downloaded, you'll need to use a media player. Windows
Media Player and iTunes are popular media players.
Games:
There are many types of games you can play on your
computer. They range from card games like Solitaire to action
games like Halo. Many action games require a lot of computing
power, so they may not work unless you have a newer
computer.
6. Mobile Applications
There are countless
desktop applications,
and they fall into
several categories.
Some are more full
featured (like Microsoft
Word), while others
may only do one or two
things (like a clock or
calendar app).
Word processors:
A word processor allows you to write a letter, design a flyer,
and create many other types of documents. The most well-
known word processor is Microsoft Word.
Web browsers:
A web browser is the tool you use to access the Internet. Most
computers come with a web browser pre-installed, but you can
also download a different one if you prefer. Examples of
browsers include Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google
Chrome, and Safari.
Media players:
If you want to listen to MP3s or watch movies you've
downloaded, you'll need to use a media player. Windows
Media Player and iTunes are popular media players.
Games:
There are many types of games you can play on your
computer. They range from card games like Solitaire to action
games like Halo. Many action games require a lot of computing
power, so they may not work unless you have a newer
computer.
7. Every computer and mobile device will
come with some applications already
built in, such as a web browser and
media player. However, you can also
purchase and install new apps to add
more functionality. You can review our
lessons on Installing Software on Your
Windows PC, Installing Software on
Your Mac, and Free Software to learn
more.
9. Using a computer
1. Icons
Icons are used to represent the different
files, applications, and commands on your
computer. An icon is a small image that's
intended to give you an idea at a glance of
what it represents, like a logo. Double-
clicking an icon on the desktop will open
that application or file.
10. Using a computer
2. Button
A button is a command that performs a
specific function within an application.
The most commonly used commands in
a program will be represented by buttons.
11. Using a computer
3. Menus
Menus are organized collections of
commands and shortcuts. Click a menu
to open it and display the commands and
shortcuts within. Then click an item in the
menu to execute it.
13. The type of Internet service you choose will largely depend on which Internet
service providers (ISPs) serve your area, along with the types of service they
offer. Here are some common types of Internet service.
1. Dial-up
This is generally the slowest type of Internet connection,
and you should probably avoid it unless it is the only
service available in your area. Dial-up Internet uses your
phone line, so unless you have multiple phone lines you
will not be able to use your landline and the Internet at
the same time.
14. 2. DSL
DSL service uses a broadband connection, which makes
it much faster than dial-up. DSL connects to the Internet
via a phone line but does not require you to have a
landline at home. And unlike dial-up, you'll be able to use
the Internet and your phone line at the same time.
15. 3. Cable
Cable service connects to the Internet via cable TV,
although you do not necessarily need to have cable TV
in order to get it. It uses a broadband connection and
can be faster than both dial-up and DSL service;
however, it is only available where cable TV is available.
16. 4. Satellite
A satellite connection uses broadband but does not
require cable or phone lines; it connects to the Internet
through satellites orbiting the Earth. As a result, it can be
used almost anywhere in the world, but the connection
may be affected by weather patterns. Satellite
connections are also usually slower than DSL or cable.
17. 5. 3G and 4G A satellite connection uses broadband but does not
require cable or phone lines; it connects to the Internet
through satellites orbiting the Earth. As a result, it can be
used almost anywhere in the world, but the connection
may be affected by weather patterns. Satellite
connections are also usually slower than DSL or cable.
Electric Tower
18. Modem
Dial-up access uses a telephone modem, DSL service
uses a DSL modem, cable access uses a cable modem,
and satellite service uses a satellite adapter. Your ISP
may give you a modem—often for a fee—when you sign
a contract, which helps ensure that you have the right
type of modem. However, if you would prefer to shop for
a better or less expensive modem, you can choose to
buy one separately.
19. Router
A router is a hardware device that allows you to connect
several computers and other devices to a single Internet
connection, which is known as a home network. Many
routers are wireless, which allows you to create a home
wireless network, commonly known as a Wi-Fi network.
20. Modem VS Router
A modem is a box that connects your home network to
your internet service provider, or ISP. A router is a box
that lets all of your wired and wireless devices use that
internet connection at once and allows them to talk to
one another directly.
