17. 21
дэвсгэрт байгаа зэрлэг амьтныг хамгаалах гэрээг давхар байгуулахыг зөвлөж
байна.
Ан амьтан, ховор ургамал хамгаалах төлөвлөлт. Сумын малчин өрх бүрээр орж
судалгаа авахад тарвага өсгөж үржүүлэх, хамгаалах, өмнө тарвагатай байсан
газарт шинээр тарвага нутагшуулах саналууд гарсан байна. Тухайлбал 582
малчин өрхөөс асуулга авахад 305 өрх буюу 52% нь тарвага хамгаалах, өсгөх
тухай санал гаргасан байна. Иргэдийн саналыг үндэслэн тухайн газруудыг
цаашдаа хамгаалахаар төлөвлөлтөд суулгаж өгөв. Үүнд:
Тарвага өсгөж үржүүлэх, нутагшуулах
Загас үржүүлэх, хамгаалах
Зүй ёсны эрхийг бүртгэн албажуулж, төлөвлөх, төлөвлөгөөг хэрэгжүүлэхэд орон
нутгийн захиргааны оролцоо, дэмжлэг нэн ялангуяа Газрын даамал, Байгаль
орчны байцаагч, ХАА-н тасгийн мэргэжилтнүүд, байгаль хамгаалагч, багийн
Засаг дарга нарын идэвх, санаачилга, гүйцэтгэх үүрэг онц чухал юм.
Сумын нутаг дэвсгэрийн хөгжлийн төлөвлөгөөг хэрэгжүүлэх үйл ажиллагааны
төлөвлөгөөг тусад нь боловсруулж хавсаргав /Хавсралт 9/.
ENGLISH SUMMARY LANDSCAPE BASED DEVELOPMENT PLAN ULZIIT
SOUM, ARKHANGAI AIMAG
BACKGROUND
Objective: To study and identify soum natural resource, land use practices, social
and economic development, culture, lifestyle and its specifics, and to develop a
landscape based soum development plan with participation of soum communities
based on the needs and suitability assessment within the Sustainable Development
Vision and other policy documents.
Scope: Soum territory
Timeframe: Landscape based soum development plan shall be updated in 5-7 years
in conformity with soum social and economic condition, development policy, and
implementation of the aimag land management plan.
CLARIFICATIONS, MEETINGS, INTERVIEWS, QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY,
GROUP DISCUSSIONS
Field survey has been carried out in the course of developing the landscape based
soum development plan as specified in the methodology with the aim of
incorporating local people’s feedback and ensuring their participation.
Ulziit soum herders’ questionnaire survey was conducted in November 2019, and
other group discussions and interviews were held on January 16-23, 2020.
18. 22
The questionnaire survey, group discussions and interviews covered 758 people.
Representatives of 582 herder households in the questionnaire survey.
Representatives of soum government, residents, and entities were 103, that are
more by 11 persons or 10.1% than the planned number included in the baseline
study. Feedback of local government officials and residents and findings of the
discussions were integrated to reflect certain comments on the landscape based
soum development plan.
SWOT analysis was conducted prior to development of the landscape based soum
development plan and conclusions were made as regards the followings through
embedding the measures to promote strengths, utilize opportunities fully, and
manage weaknesses or risks:
4. Secure sustainable development and capacity to cope with climate change by
shifting the focus from quantity to quality in the livestock sector that is a basis
of soum socio-economic development and soum community’s livelihood;
5. Increase crop farming consistently to meet the growing demand of agricultural
products by its own production;
6. Create jobs and increase people’s income through support of environmentally
friendly tourism and SMEs, proper use and conservation of natural resources,
and develop communication, infrastructure, education, and social, cultural and
sports priorities in order to provide comfortable and stable living environment
in the soum.
Chapter VIII. PLANNING PHASE
8.1 AGRICULTURAL LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING
Agricultural land use planning includes the basic categories as pastureland, hayfield
and arable land.
8.1.1 PASTURELAND PLANNING
Pastureland planning was focused on managing key pressing issues of the sector in
consideration of the priorities of national, regional and local policies, suitability
assessment, and feedback of local communities and organizations.
Traditional livestock herding has been the predominant economic sector in the soum
that is expected to be maintained further due to its location, natural environment and
climate.
8.1.1.1 Pressing issues in pastureland use
Ulziit soum had 353240 heads of livestock or 552890 sheep units in 2019. Compared
to 1990, pastureland per sheep unit decreased to 0.29 ha, while pastureland
availability dropped 5.9 times. Malnutrition has reached 91.2% due to overgrazing,
coupled with decreased productivity and increased vulnerability to drought and dzud,
resulting in a fall of livestock market value. In addition, it has no reserve pastures and
is getting prone to risk. Livestock number dropped by 30% in the 2000-2003 dzud.
19. 23
Figure 8.1.1 What herders gain and lose by continually increasing animal
numbers /Source: CPR estimates/
Overgrazing is a key challenge, followed lack of water and damages by voles and
grasshoppers according to the result of the questionnaire survey which was
conducted among 569 herder households (97%) in 2019.
Table 8.1.3.2 Production of animal raw material and products and changes in
herd size during herd turnover model to reduce, maintain and increase the herd
size
№ Production of animal products 2027
Reducing of
herd size
Maintaining of
herd size
Increasing
of herd size
1 Meat, ton 3548.4 2675.5 1995.7
2 Milk, thousand liter 1715.1 1719.2 1922.9
3 Hides, pcs 126,689 108,162 88,459
4 Wool, ton 192.6 227.2 296.9
5 Cashmere, ton 26.7 31.5 41.2
6 Meat to be sold, ton 3106.7 2323.8 1554.0
7 Milk to be sold, thousand liter 1161.2 1165.3 1369.0
8 Livestock number, SU 427,816 552,890 739,892
9 Average income of herder
household, million ₮
510 659 929
10 Cash revenue per SU, thousand ₮ 27.8 20.2 16.6
Source: CPR estimates
Compared to the other two models, a herd size reduction model has more benefits,
such as higher growth in meat, milk and hides production, meat sales, herder
household’s income and cash income per sheep unit and reduced herd size, all of
which result in the positive impacts on pastureland, as shown in the table.
Herd size reduction will lessen the pastureland burden and pasture carrying capacity
and improve animal productivity.
20. 24
Table 8.1.1.7 Estimate on reducing animal numbers reconciling with the
pasture carrying capacity, in soum total
Year
Pasturelandha
Average
pastureyield,
Center/ha
Totalpasture
forage,
centner
Pasturecarrying
capacity,sheep
unit
Stocking
density,sheep
unit
Utilizationof
pasturecarrying
capacity,%
2019-base year 156490 1.9 297331 49555.2 565689 1141.5
2020-2022
preparation
phase
156490 1.9 297331 49555.2
565689 1141.5
2023 156490 1.9 297331 49555.2 538368 1086.4
2024 156490 1.9 297331 49555.2 512013 1033.2
2025 156490 1.9 297331 49555.2 486959 982.7
2026 156490 1.9 297331 49555.2 463142 934.6
2027 156490 1.9 297331 49555.2 440435 888.8
Source: CPR estimates
Herd size reduction program is planned to be implemented from 2023 upon ensuring
the preparation works, such as introducing the program to herders in 2020-2022. The
livestock number is expected to reduce by 125074 sheep units, reaching 427816
sheep units, in the final year of the program in 2027, compared to those of 2019.
Reduced stocking density results in increased availability of forage for wildlife.
Pasture use agreement will be established in which the optimum stocking density
shall be indicated in sheep units and the excess shall be reduced by 5% at maximum
per year.
Table 8.1.1.9 shows the income estimates based on the herd turnover models.
Indicators
Base
Year
Year
1
Year
2
Year
3
Year
4
Year
5
Animal numbers, physical units 353042
33539
0
31862
0
30268
9
28755
5
27317
7
Animal numbers, sheep units
552890
52524
6
49898
3
47403
4
45033
2
42781
6
Sheep units per herder household 659 626 595 565 537 510
Household total income, ‘000 MNT 17193 26837 27179 27511 27832 27831
Home consumption, ‘000 MNT 2587 2587 2587 2587 2587 2587
Cash income, ‘000 MNT 14605 24250 24592 24923 25244 25243
Cash value of decreased herd size
‘000 MNT 0 3534 3454 3376 3299 3224
Income per sheep unit, ‘000 MNT 20.7 38.7 41.3 44.1 47.0 49.5
Source: CPR estimates
21. 25
Ulziit soum is expected to have 427816 sheep units in 2027 within 156490 ha
pastureland in accordance with the estimate to reduce livestock number by 6%
annually, not reducing, but increasing cash incomes of herder households.
Cash income of herder households that currently increase livestock number by 6-
10% per annum is lower than those that are reducing the livestock number.
Production of key animal products Like any other soums across Mongolia, Ulziit
soum fully supplies its animal products and raw material demand and delivers a
majority of them to the other market such as aimag center and Ulaanbaatar. The
soum will produce 3548.4 tons of meat, 126,700 skins and hides, 1715.1 thousand
liters of milk, 26.6 tons of cashmere and 192.6 tons of wool by the end of the
program.
A comparison of the current meat and milk needs and production of the soum with
those of 2027 is shown below in the Figure 8.1.1.2.
Figure 8.1.1.2 Meat and milk demand and supply, 2019 and 2027
Soum population is estimated to reach 3398 in 2027. According to the estimate,
soum population’s meat and milk demand will be fully supplied with its production and
provide 3687 tons of meat and 641.0 thousand liters of milk to other markets as a
result of implementing the sustainable livestock development program.
As herder households’ prepared milk is used for their needs, a farm with 20 dairy
cattle is planned to be established for the purpose of supplying year-round demand
of soum center population, school and kindergarten /see Chapter 8.2/.
8.1.3 Livestock breeding measures
Animal selection has been planned in the directions provided below as part of the
landscape based soum development plan to meet the objective to improve herd
quality and livestock biological-economic productivity.
Plan for herd breeding and upgrading of productive performance
Upgrading of local cattle
First: Explore and implement opportunities to improve cattle for beef
adapted to the “pasture-supplementary fodder-fattening” system. Through crossing
22. 26
with the national beef breeds - Selenge and Dornod Mongolian Red, make local
cattle larger in the body size of local cattle and create feeding and maintenance
system enabling 18-23 percent increase of bodyweight of growing cattle.
Second: To raise dual purpose cattle for small scale beef-dairy or for
beef-dairy farms in Ulziit soum, it is appropriate to use dual purpose breeds like
Alatau or Simmental based on the past experiences of raising these breeds for butter
production in 1980s. .
Third: Alternatively, to crossbreed using high crossbreds of above F3
generations of exotic imported breeds Limousine, Hereford, Galloway and Kazakh
White Head at limited scale may be tested.
2. Upgrading of sheep. It has been found that herders are interested to
improve local sheep for wool by importing carpet wool breeds – Gobi-Altai, Sartuul
and Baidrag, whereas a simultaneous upgrading of mutton and wool productivity can
be achieved by introducing mutton-wool breeds like Bayad, Darkhad and Tsagaan-
Uul.
3. Goat improvement for cashmere production. In order to upgrade
cashmere quality, more efforts should be made to benefit from the excellent
biological and productive performance of goats of Erchim Black breed.
B. Intensive animal development planning
The National Program on Support of Intensive Livestock Farming Development,
adopted under the Government Resolution #400 in 2018, states to develop intensive
dairy cattle farms in peri-urban areas, aimag centers and crop agriculture regions.
Ulziit soum has been included in the crop agriculture region since 2018. Referring to
recent estimates that the soum population will grow to 3775 persons in 2027, it
needs to heighten the supply of milk to soum center inhabitants. In order to fulfill the
goals of the mid-term livestock development policy of Arkhangai aimag and improve
the milk consumption of soum center citizens, school, kindergarten and hospital, a
dairy farm with 20 cows of Alatau breed to produce 20000 liters of milk annually to
supply milk year-round will be established.
8.1.4 Animal health measures
Detailed animal health improvement measures were planned in accordance with the
newly approved animal health law and the national animal health program for 2018-
2021.
8.1.5 Hay and fodder planning
Demand and potential supply of hay and fodder
As of 2019, feed supply per per sheep unit was 6.5 kg on a soum’s average. It will
increase 5..06 times reaching 33 kg in 2027 with increases in yield and hay field
areas as well as green fodder production in 7 years.
8.1.5 Crop land planning
Currently, Ulziit soum cultivates 2036 ha arable land and 2770 ha abandoned crop
land is not used at all. It is planned to raise cultivation of fodder, vegetable and fruit
on these fallow areas in upcoming 7 years.
23. 27
Demand of crop products has been assessed in order to supply soum population’s
demand of potatoes and vegetable, fruit and animal fodder by its own production or
capacity.
Cultivation of potatoes and vegetable, fruit trees and animal fodder is planned to
raise in 3 phases as part of its arable land planning.
Table 8.1.6.7 Potato and vegetable storage building
Year 2019 Phases
I II III
Potato harvest, t 7 14.3 29.2 44.6
Vegetable harvest, t 5 31.0 63.2 96.7
Vegetable storage building, capacity, t 0 10 30 50
Required funding, 12000 thousand MNT /10 t 0 12000 36000 60000
8.2 LAND MANAGEMENT PLAN IN TOWN, VILLAGE AND OTHER SETTLEMENT
The soum has 293 ha of urban land out of which 107.7 ha is reflected in the state
land fund report.
As of 2019, the soum has allocated 34.4 ha for homestead purposes for 491 khashaa
plots. In addition, 1.31 ha was allocated for household horticulture gardening
purposes.
8.2.2 Waste in town and settlement
As households of Ulziit soum dump waste in open areas and streets, it has pressing
issues, including those related to waste removal, lack of hygienic requirements of
waste bins, waste dump outside the waste point fences, unsorted waste, lack of
waste points to receive segregated waste, and unsorting of hazardous waste.
Further measures and planning. It is planned to take several actions such as sorting
waste, building incinerator and sorted waste processing shop, and placing containers
for hazardous waste sorted at entities and in public areas. Moreover, it is planned to
buy a new 3-5 ton capacity waste van.
Table 8.2.1 Funding estimate required for waste treatment measures
№ Item Manufacturer Model Unit cost,
MNT
Strength and
weakness
6. Waste truck (van
with press)
China Faw,
other
37,000,000 Cheap, frequent
failures, poor
availability of
spare parts
7. Waste truck (van
with press)
Korea Hyundai,
Mayti
45,000,000 Frequent failures,
good availability
of spare parts
8. Waste truck (van
with press)
Japan Nissan,
Mitsubishi
58,000,000 Expensive, low
failures, good
availability of
24. 28
parts
9. Container for sorted
waste (150kg, plate)
Mongolia 300,000 Possible to
produce in soum
10. Incinerator which is
able to make energy
China 60,000,000 Low content of
toxic pollutants in
smoke
Source: CPR estimates
8.3 ROAD AND COMMUNICATION NETWORK LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING
8.3.3 Land planning for roads
New roads. To speed up building of Orkhon river-Ikh tamir bridge and paved road
and 44 km paved road between Tsenkher bridge and the soum center.
To launch building paved road connecting the vertical road network Ulziit-Khairkhan-
Khuvsgul
8.5 LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING IN PROTECTED AREAS
Local protected areas: It was planned to take 1526.6 ha in the Yamaat bagh and
1783.1 ha around the Ikh Bumbat place under the local protected areas.
8.6 LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING IN TOURISM AND RECREATIONAL
AREAS
It was planned to:
Include Ugii Nuur-Altan Zuu-Gol Mod route in the international tourism network
Develop eco fishing and tour sites along the Orkhon river
8.7 FOREST LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING
The soum has 4876.6 ha of forest land. It was planned green zone as well as
protected zones in the forest areas.
8.8. LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING IN PROTECTION ZONES
8.8.2 Type, practice and size of protection zones
Water, road and lines protection zones were established in the soum for the following
purposes:
Prevent water resource shortage, contamination and protect people from
flood;
Ensure power lines safety to prevent accidents among people and animals;
8.9 PLANNING OF LEGITIMATE RIGHTS FOR LAND AND NATURAL
RESOURCES
It was planned to formalize the existing informal user rights of herders by the
registration and introduction of pastureland use agreements. According to the unified
land use funds information 34.4 ha of land was possessed by herders for winter-
spring camping purposes which means that around 517 camp sites or 95% herders
have possessed their camps.
25. 29
Possession of winter and spring camps does not apply to surrounding pastures which
are under informal user rights. According to a 2019 survey there are 9 pasture user
groups /PUG/ established covering the soum pastureland for 100%.
Wildlife protection and use. As there are rare or endangered wildlife in Ulziit soum,
key goal of the planning is to protect, raise and re-introduce them. Thus, it is
proposed to establish wildlife protection agreements with herder groups and forest
partnerships in areas with wildlife habitats. As the local herders recommended, the
wildlife for further protection are:
Re-introduce and raise marmots
Protect and farm fish
ХОЁР. СУМЫН ТАНИЛЦУУЛГА, БҮС НУТГИЙН ЧИГ ХАНДЛАГА, ХӨГЖЛИЙН
ЦОГЦ БОДЛОГО
2.1 СУМЫН ТАНИЛЦУУЛГА
Сайн ноён хан аймгийн харьяад Халх хошууны
тоонд орж 1762 онд байгуулагдсан Өөлдийн
өмнөд хошуу 1912-1923 онд Бишрэлт бэйсийн
хошуу гэж нэрлэгдэж байснаа 1924 он Цэцэрлэг
мандал аймгийн Баянбайшир хошуу нэртэй
болсон бөгөөд 1931 оноос одоогийн Архангай
аймгийн Өлзийт сум болсон. Олонх баруун
Монголын дөрвөн Ойрадын Өөлд ястан юм.
Өлзийт сум Алтан зуу бурхан шүтээнтэй. Түүндээ
зориулж шинийн 15, намрын дунд сарын 15 морь
уралдуулж, бөх барилдуулж, хурал ном хурж
наадам хийдэг. Алтан зуу бурхан нь 1640 оны үед
Ойрадын зая бандида Намхайжанцан Төвдөөс алтаар зуу бурхан хийлгэж
аравнайлуулан залж ирсэн түүхтэй. зуу бурхан гэдэг нь бурхан багшийн өөрийн
нь амьд сэрүүнд бүтээсэн бурхан багшийн дүр юм. 1640-1930 аад он хүртэл
шүтэж байсан. хувьсгалын үед зуу бурхан алга болсон.
Нутаг дэвсгэр нь 1,7 мянган км2 . Нийт 1094 өрхийн 3403 хүн амтай.
Архангай аймгийн Өлзийт сум нь аймгийнхаа зүүн хойд хэсэгт оршиж Баруун
өмнө, баруун талаараа Батцэнгэл, баруун хойд талаараа Хайрхан, хойд
талаараа Булган аймгийн Сайхан, зүүн хойд болон зүүн талаараа Булган
аймгийн Могод сум, зүүн өмнө, урд талаараа Өгий нуур сумдын нутаг
дэвсгэртэй тус тус хиллэнэ.
Тус сумын төв Улаанбаатар хотоос 375 км, аймгийн төв Цэцэрлэг хотоос 134
км-т оршино.
Өлзийт сум засаг захиргаа, нутаг дэвсгэрийн нэгжээр Ямаат, Бодонт, Байшир,
Хөшөөт гэсэн 4 багт хуваагддаг.
Эдийн засгийн үндсэн салбар нь ХАА бөгөөд үүний дотор МАА-н үйлдвэрлэл
зонхилно.
