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Similar to Sustainable Communities - ULI Paris YLF 2011
Similar to Sustainable Communities - ULI Paris YLF 2011 (20)
Sustainable Communities - ULI Paris YLF 2011
- 1. Sustainable CommunitiesDoing more … with less … for more…..
- 2. The Earth Cannot Support Our Current Way of Life
- 3. Land Area Each territory’s size on the map is drawn according to its land area. © Copyright 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan)
- 4. Total Population The size of each territory shows the relative proportion of the world’s population living there. © Copyright 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan)
- 5. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Territory size shows the proportion, by their global warming potential, of all greenhouse gas emissions that come from there. © Copyright 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan)
- 6. Ecological Footprint Territory size shows the proportion of the worldwide ecological footprint which is made there. © Copyright 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan)
- 7. Ecological Footprint, debtors and creditors
- 8. National and Personal Footprint
- 10. One Planet Communities – Ten Principles “A world in which people everywhere can lead happy, healthy lives within their fair share of the earth’s resources” Zero Carbon Health + Happiness Zero Waste Equity + Fair Trade Sustainable Transport Culture + Heritage Local + Sustainable Materials Natural Habitats + Wildlife Local + Sustainable Food Sustainable Water
- 11. Applying One Planet Thinking in 3 PHA Consult Projects
- 12. Dharavi Masterplan – More for less for more people
- 13. Wind flow pattern and shadow range 21st March N
- 14. If you need inspiration….
- 15. Masdar City – A zero carbon, zero waste, car-free city Masdar Institute of Science + Technology Campus
- 16. Import Site Resource Masdar Infrastructure Process Inputs Target Strategies Integrated Technologies Outputs Recycle Recycle Re-use Re-use Sustainable Manufacturing Recycled Materials MATERIALS One Planet Products Renewable Power Waste Fuel & Heat Waste to Energy High Temp Steam Turbine 50% POWER Solar Radiation Solar Thermal Absorption Cooling Borehole Medium Temp 50% Geothermal Heat COOLING Waste Water Reverse Osmosis RECYCLED WATER Condensate 350 Reverse Osmosis Seawater On-Site Treatment POTABLE WATER 100 One Planet Food On-Site Agriculture Land 0.6 ha/p FOOD Compost
- 18. Duna Passage – Hungary’s First Sustainable Masterplan* *probably…….
- 19. SitePost - Industrial LandscapeContaminated LandBelow Flood LevelValuable EcologyPublic Transport ConnectionsPoor Public Access to RiverThermal Springs on Site
- 20. Start with the Environmental Context
- 21. Key Issue - Solar Access to Public Realm
- 22. Key Issue - Solar Exposure of Facades – Planning Requirement Apartments Offices
- 23. Offices Residential Key Issue - Daylight + Massing – Quality of Spaces, Energy + Health
- 24. Key Issue - Wind & Pollution
- 25. Design and Analysis – Energy Savings Strategies
- 26. Sustainable Masterplan Sports Facilities Stormwater Retention and Infiltration Rainwater Harvesting Acoustic Shelter from Road and Rail Public Access to River Site Elevated Above Flood Level Wind Permeability Green and Brown Roofs Over 50% Green Space Enhanced Public Transport Play Areas Protection of Existing Trees Pedestrian and Cycle Priority Groundwater Cooling Geothermal Hot Water Passive Solar Design
- 28. Integrated Response Waste Management Harvesting energy & water Improve ecological value Water conservation Passive heating/cooling & ventilation systems corporate license + legislative framework Low impact materials environmental Green Travel Plans social Energy efficiency economic Environmental Quality Minimise whole life costs Inclusive Design Material Efficiency Amenity Adaptability/Flexibility Secured by Design Consultation
- 29. Thinking Strategically to Increase Cost-Effectiveness Increasingcost and disruption Max Decreasingimpact on performance Min Schematic Design Design Development Contract Documentation Construction Pre Design
- 30. Iterative Process JOB MEETING HOLD A KICK-OFF DESIGN WORKSHOP JOB MEETING JOB MEETING DESIGN WORKSHOP JOB MEETING DECIDE ON DESIGN OPTION FOR FINAL DEVELOPMENT DESIGN WORKSHOP DESIGN WORKSHOP DESIGN WORKSHOP
- 32. The Energy Hierarchy Passive Design Efficient Systems Efficient Controls Occupant Behaviour On-Site Renewable Energy District Renewable Energy
- 33. Sounds Simple Enough? Reality is much more complex!
- 34. MAC Curve Studies http://www.mckinsey.com/clientservice/ccsi/Costcurves.asp
- 35. Marginal Abatement Cost Curves Each bar represents a strategy to reduce emissions compared to ‘business as usual’ Bar height = cost to reduce emissions by 1tCO2e Bars above the line have a lifecycle cost, below the line a saving Abatement costs include CapEx and OpEx Annual GHG emissions reduction potential in chosen year – the wider the bar the more carbon saved Actions are sorted in order of increasing costs for emission reduction
- 36. Marginal Abatement Cost Curves If we choose a maximum price we are willing to pay for carbon emissions reduction.... Then we should consider all measures up to that limit, going left to right on the MACC Curve And not spend money on measures that sit above our price cap
- 37. Global MAC Curve
- 38. Global MAC - Buildings
- 39. China’s MAC - Buildings Passive design in the colder north is cost negative, but in the central and southern regions it has a lifecycle cost
- 40. The future? One Planet Communities – sustainable cities that respond to the 10 One Planet Principles Collaboration is key – an inter-disciplinary approach is essential to deliver more with less Decisions supported by analysis – sustainable cities are integrated systems, not fashion statements Prioritise Easy Wins – 80/20 rule – avoid eco-bling Be guided by the aspirations of the communities that you serve
Editor's Notes
- We have been fortunate to work on a wide range of projects at all scales in locations across the globe – we get a lot of enjoyment from understanding and exploiting the potential for sustainable engineering in different climates
- The masterplan for Masdar was designed by Foster + Partners, with specialist input from consultants in the fields of infrastructure, environmental design, transportation and landscape architecture.It was conceived as a city with physical limits – in recognition of the balance that needs to be achieved between the demands that a community places on its immediate environment and the ability of that site to provide for the needs of the city.
- Going back to first principles…When we work together to design buildings, our first priority has to be to pursue strategies that are environmentally sound – we don’t have a second earth if we mess this one up, there’s no Plan B. The limits of what is environmentally acceptable is usually defined by local regulations, and increasingly by voluntary commitments to higher performance levels using sustainability rating systems such as LEED. Some environmentally sound solutions wouldn’t meet our social needs, they would not provide a high enough quality of life, so the range of possible options is reduced to those that are socially and environmentally soundUltimately, only those options that can be afforded can actually happen – at the end of the day be it private or public money someone has to pay (although the time horizon that they work with, and their discount rate assumptions play are critical in their perception of payback)If we are to build a sustainable future, we have to achieve the greatest environmental and social benefits with access to finite economic resources. Sustainable design therefore is essentially concerned with doing more with less
- What we do know from long and sometimes painful experience is that when clients and design teams think about sustainability late in the design and construction process it is ineffective and expensive. If the wrong decisions are made at the outset the project’s performance potential may be limited from its inception.So it’s important that the right people are asking the right questions at the right time – and this requires an integrated design process where expertise from a wide variety of fields is applied to develop sustainable solutions
- So the orthodox approach is:Having explored every passive option, the next step is then to design efficient systems – heating, cooling, lighting, ventilation and so on. Efficient systems allow us to meet our needs for comfort and hygiene using less energy than typical systems – for example an energy saving light bulb that uses 20% of the electricity of an incandescent bulb.These efficient systems then need smart controls – so that they are only being used when we need them – we could control our energy efficient lighting based on daylight levels and have them turn off automatically if no-one is in the room, reducing electricity consumption by a further 50%Finally, we hope that the people inside the buildings that we design will do their bit to save energy, by maintaining the building and its systems and by operating all the elements that we have no control over in a responsible way. This doesn’t usually go to plan….So our very much reduced energy demands can then be met by renewable energy, on the building, near the building or off-site. That seemed pretty straightforward……. we’re now carbon neutral, or even energy positive!!Unfortunately, all of these steps have associated costs. And, these costs are inter-related – if I shade the building I might reduce cooling loads, but I could increase heating loads in winter and block daylight meaning that the lights are left on for longer. So which strategies should we focus our efforts on – what are the easy wins, the lowest cost of carbon? And is it always the case that you must exhaust all the passive options before looking at systems??When we introduce the reality of a finite funding, this simplified model breaks down. We need a means to compare the whole life costs of different strategies – we must consider operational, maintenance etc not just the capital costs. This approach can lead to unexpected outcomes.
- The most well known studies on abatement costs for greenhouse gases have been undertaken by McKinsey alone, and in partnership with various national bodies. Marginal abatement curves have been prepared for the world as a whole, the UK, USA, Brazil, China, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Australia, Czech Republic and Sweden.
- Marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves provide a means of comparing the carbon savings that different technologies can potentially provide, together with their cost-effectiveness. They are useful for ranking measures and deciding on those which are worth pursuing. MAC curves only show what the potential is and say nothing about how fast it could be reached.
- This is a MAC curve for the planet, showing costs in 2030 based on taking action from 2010, with all costs shown in 2005 EurosAbatement opportunities cover all sectors – industrial, agricultural, waste, transport, power, and of course buildingsMany savings from buildings have a negative costWe can look in more detail at the buildings sector
- This information is great for understanding the big picture – but as we said before it is essential to understand site and climate for us to understand how buildings will use energy. There will be huge regional variations - but we can look at individual countries in more detail….
- If we look at the MAC curve for China’s buildings and appliances sector – we can see that there are different costs associated with GHG abatement for different building sectors in different regions