This document discusses plans for a proposed integrated CO2 storage hub in Collie, Western Australia. The Collie Hub would involve multiple industrial partners capturing and storing their CO2 emissions in a shared storage site. Key points include: - The Hub would initially store 2.4 million tonnes per year of CO2 from Perdaman Chemicals and potentially up to 7 million tonnes total from future power generation. - CO2 would be stored in the Lower Lesueur region, with a goal of storing up to 260 million tonnes over 40 years. - Alcoa's red mud waste would also be stored underground, sequestering over 300,000 tonnes per year. - Challenges

1. Global CCS instituterotterdam9 may 2011

2. SCHIEDAM (ROTTERDAM)GRANDPARENTS BORN HERE

3. SCHIPLUIDEN (NEAR ROTTERDAM)WHERE MY FATHER WAS BORN

4. BROKEN HILLWHERE I WAS BORN

5. BUNBURYWHERE I LIVE AND WORK

7. PART OF THE EMISSION SOLUTION

9. VERVE ENERGY

10. GRIFFIN ENERGY

11. WESFARMERS PREMIER COAL

12. BHP BILLITON WORSLEY ALUMINA

13. ALCOA AUSTRALIA

14. RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP:

16. HARVEY RIDGEMANDURAH TERRACE

18. Storage within an identified area

19. Red mud sequestration 300,000 + tpa (Alcoa)

20. 2.4 mtpa Perdaman CO2

22. Up to 260 Mt total in 40 yearsLOWER LESUEUR REGION 33o00’ LEGEND Mapped Area Study Area Fault Anticline 20 km Transfer Fault BUSSELTON 116o00’ 115o00’

24. Darling Fault interpreted with gravity data

25. Wells drilled in the 60’s and 70’s, except Rockingham-1 from the 80’s

26. Seismic data quality varies from good to poor – some lines show very low signal to noise ratio

27. Seismic data does not really cover Darling Fault. The fault is interpreted using gravity data

28. Wells drilled in the 60’s and 70’s, except Rockingham-1 that was drilled in the 80’s

30. less faults

31. deeper injection horizonsDynamic Model Boundary Static Model Boundary Darling Fault Fault N 2D Seismic 20 km Well 13

34. Immobilized CO2 Secondary Percolation Primary Migration LOWER LESUEUR STORAGE CONCEPT

35. PROJECT ATTRACTIONS Multiuser CO2 Hub with significant commitments from members Phased development and funding requirements help manage technical & commercial risks Proven commercial development structures, contracts and regulatory framework Economic outcomes justify investment with appropriate CCS Flagship Funding Key risks identified and are manageable

37. Alumina is precipitated as sodium alumino carbonate

38. CO2 reaction with the solids (conversion of residual lime to calcite and conversion of TCA to calcite and gibbsite)

40. Utilises a waste product (CO2) to treat the residue

42. LESSONS LEARNT - HUB You have to be naive to attempt it Set common goals early A step change to CO2 emissions for coal users! Give a future for the coal industry Allow long-term decision-making Everything takes longer than anticipated Legal Contractual Differing cultural/legal approaches Changes in members circumstances can affect the group Competitors can work together for common benefits

43. LESSONS LEARNT - HUB In developing the concept, no transport or storage operators – getting the objectives right is more important than the technicalities of operating Consider others that can benefit the project (and benefit from the project) No-one likes spending money Government understands funding not finance Government as facilitator and regulator – look at how role transitions Decision stages are important for investment, but work needs to happen in parallel Risk assessment needs to include financial

45. A lot of discussion will revert to renewables such as solar and wind

48. Look externally

49. Look internationally(Collie Hub has more in common with the Rotterdam proposal than projects in Australia)

51. Government working with industry

52. Top down policy and directives do not work

54. Being available to speak to anyone at anytime is important