This document summarizes a presentation on MySQL architectures for Oracle DBAs. It discusses the history and evolution of MySQL, differences between MySQL and Oracle databases, and various MySQL architecture options including scale-out approaches using replication and clustering. Examples of architectures implemented include for laser welding devices, data collection from devices, measuring media consumption, a car sharing platform, and a solar cell production monitoring system.

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MySQL Architectures for Oracle DBA's
UKOUG Conference 2011
December 5th
, Birmingham
Oli Sennhauser
Senior MySQL Consultant, FromDual
oli.sennhauser@fromdual.com

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FromDual
● FromDual provides neutral and independent:
● Consulting for MySQL (on-site and remote)
● Remote-DBA / MySQL operations
● Support for Galera (synchronous MySQL Replication)
● Support for MySQL (Basic and Silver)
● Training for MySQL
● Consulting Partner of Open Database Alliance
(ODBA.org)
● Oracle Silver Partner (OPN)
● More informations at: www.fromdual.com

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Our customer

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Content
● The LAMP Stack
● History of MySQL
● Open Source
● Branches and Forks
● Move from Oracle?
● MySQL Architecture
● Pluggable Storage Engines
● Differences between Oracle and MySQL
● Scale-Up vs. Scale-Out
● High-Availability solutions
● Architectures put in place

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The LAMP Stack
PHP
Who is
behind?
Alternatives
MySQL
Apache
Linux
We are the Web!
Zend Technologies
MySQL/Oracle
Apache Software
Foundation
Linux Foundation
Perl, Java, Python,
Ruby
PostgreSQL, others
Lighty (lighttpd), IIS
Windows, Solaris,
BSD, others

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History of MySQL
2000 01 02 03 04 2005 06 07 0908 2010
Oct 2005:
Oracle buys
Innobase OY
InnoDB Friday
...
1995: project started
by Monty Widenius,
David Axmark and
Allan Larsson
Jun
2000:
GPL
Oracle tries to
buy MySQL
IPO is announced
for 2008
Jan 2008: Sun buys
MySQL for USD 1000
Mio
2008: Branching
of MySQL begins
Jan 2001: v3.23
GA
Apr 2009:
Oracle buys
Sun for USD
7400 Mio

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Open Source
● Basics:
● Source code is available and visible (transparency)
● Source code can be changed, adapted or used elsewhere
● Everybody can participate: Communities
● Advantages
● „no“ Vendor Lock-in!
● More flexibility!
● Less costs?
● Better Quality?
● Higher reliability?
● Disadvantages
● Not everything is served on a golden plate: „read the source“!
● Potential for conflicts as soon as commercial interests come into the game
● For me personally important: Know-how transfer, freedom of know-how

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Branches and Forks
2009
Jul Drizzle MySQL Fork
Jul ProvenScaling
MySQL Branch (†)
Oct OurDelta MySQL Branch
Dec XtraDB InnoDB Branch / Percona Build / Percona Server
May MariaDB/Aria MySQL/MyISAM Branch Fork ?
2010
Google patches
MySQL
2008

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Switch from Oracle?
Oracle MySQL
It needs some time to adapt (3 - 6 monts?)!

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MySQL Architecture
mysqld
MySQL is a multi-thread and
NOT a multi-process
application!
Application / Client
Parser
Optimizer
Access Control
Table Manager
Table Open
Cache (.frm, fh)
Table Definition
Cache (tbl def.)
Handler Interface
MyISAM Memory NDB PBXTInnoDB ...Aria XtraDB Federated-X
Thread
Cache
Connection
Manager
User Au-
thentication
Command
Dispatcher
Logging
Query Cache
Module
Query
Cache

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Pluggable Storage Engines (SE)
Conventional
(R)DBMS
= monolithic
MYSQL SE
Handler Interface
ISAM MyISAM BDB ...
built-in
MYSQL pluggable SE
InnoDB MyISAM PBXT NDB ...
Handler Interface
plug-in
● The concept of Storage Engines (SE)
● A Storage Engine is a database kernel

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The most important Storage
Engines (SE)
● MyISAM / Aria
● InnoDB / XtraDB / PBXT (transactional SE)
● MEMORY
● NDB (MySQL Cluster)
● Federated-X (~ Oracle DB-Link)
● CSV, Archive, Blackhole
● Spider, etc.

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Migration from Oracle to MySQL
● Application?
● Most difficult: PL/SQL
● >> 1 Tbyte?
● MySQL Migration Tool-kit helps you
● ETL tools help you

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Differences between Oracle and
MySQL
● Characteristics is SE dependent → configuration
● Transactions/Locking is SE dependent
→ InnoDB / XtraDB / PBXT are the closest SE
● Some buffers / caches are SE dependent, others are not
→ Configure differently depending on you needs
● Connections in Oracle are expensive, in MySQL they are
quite cheap
● Oracle is a multi-process architecture, MySQL is a multi-
thread architecture
● Oracle has a fixed size shared memory SGA, MySQL has
dynamic memory for the process → can grow!

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Other differences between Oracle
and MySQL
● Oracle has tablespaces / redo log files → in MySQL 1 system
TS (+ 1 tablespace per table) and the transaction log files
(ib_logfile<n>).
● Oracle has rman, in MySQL you have many tools (mysqldump,
mysql, mysqlbackup, xtrabackup, …)
● Backup in MySQL can be done wrong!
● exp / imp → mysqldump / mysql
● rman → mysqlbackup / xtrabackup
● OEM/Grid Control → MySQL Enterprise Monitor (will be
integrated into OEM/GC?)
● RAC → Galera / MySQL Cluster
● Oracle Streams Replication → MySQL Replication

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Further differences between
Oracle and MySQL
● MySQL has different Logs:
● Error Log (= alert.log)
● Binary Log (~ archive log)
● Transaction Log (~ REDO log, but Binary
Log != Transaction Log)
● General Query log (Oracle ?)
● Schema in Oracle: User + Objects
● Schema in MySQL: indepent of user
● Oracle: Scale-up, MySQL: Scale-out

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MySQL Scale-Out vs. Scale-Up
Scale-Out
● Cost
● MySQL design
● Physical bottlenecks
Scale-Up
● „Relaxation of Constraints“

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The MySQL Scale-Out approach
Application
Master
Slave Backup
Load balancer
Slave 1
Slave Reporting
Slave 2
Slave 3
rt
w
ro
...

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Active/passive fail-over with SAN
App App App
M'
SAN
Slave1
Slave2
Slave3
Load balancing (LB)
M
VIP

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Active/passive fail-over with SAN
● SPOF! App App App
M'
SAN
Slave1
Slave2
Slave3
Load balancing (LB)
M
VIP
!!!

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Active/passive fail-over with
DRBD
App App App
M'
Slave1
Slave2
Slave3
Load balancing (LB)
M
VIP
DRBD

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Active/passive fail-over with
DRBD
App App App
M'
Slave1
Slave2
Slave3
Load balancing (LB)
M
VIP
DRBD

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MySQL Cluster
Application
Mgm Node 1
Load balancer
Application Application Application Application
SQL Node 1
Data Node 1
Data Node 2
Sw.
Data Node 3
Data Node 4
Sw.
SQL Node 2
SQL Node 3 ...
NDB-API NDB-API
Mgm Node 2

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Some Architectures put in place

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Laser welding device from the car
industry

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Data collection of laser devices

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Measuring of media consumption

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Car-Sharing platform

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Solar cell production

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Solar cell production

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Online Stock trading platform

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Questions and Discussion
?
Slides: www.fromdual.com
or
oli.sennhauser@fromdual.com