HealthCare System in Thailand:Past -
Present and Where is the Future ?
Dr. Pradit Sintavanarong
Minister of Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
ริชมอนด์ 11-10-56
Public health concept, i ketut swarjanaswarjana2012
Pemahaman tentang konsep kesehatan masyarakat atau public health concept sangat penting dalam rangka memahami lebih awal dasar dari konsep kesehatan masyarakat itu sendiri, sebelum lebih jauh belajar tentang IKM yang mencakup epidemiologi, manajemen kesehatan, promosi kesehatan dan lain-lain
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
HealthCare System in Thailand:Past -
Present and Where is the Future ?
Dr. Pradit Sintavanarong
Minister of Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
ริชมอนด์ 11-10-56
Public health concept, i ketut swarjanaswarjana2012
Pemahaman tentang konsep kesehatan masyarakat atau public health concept sangat penting dalam rangka memahami lebih awal dasar dari konsep kesehatan masyarakat itu sendiri, sebelum lebih jauh belajar tentang IKM yang mencakup epidemiologi, manajemen kesehatan, promosi kesehatan dan lain-lain
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Health access for all Thailand’s.The Thai citizens gain universal access to essential health services at zero cost, and reap significant benefits as babies get healthier, workers increase productivity, and households reduce financial risk.
The Thailand HiT reports that sustained political commitment to the health of the population since the 1970s has resulted in significant investment in health infrastructure, in particular primary health care, district and provincial referral hospitals, and strengthened the overall functioning of the Thai health system. After Thailand achieved universal health coverage in 2002, public expenditure on health significantly increased from 63% to 77% and out-of-pocket expense was reduced from 27.2% to 12.4% of the total health spending in 2011.
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
Future of Healthcare – Leadership Challenges
Further to several additional expert workshops this year, we are delighted to share an updated global perspective on the future of healthcare. Produced in partnership with Duke Corporate Education (http://www.dukece.com), this adds new insights on the pivotal shifts taking place across the sector plus viewpoints on some of the core implications for leadership. Topics include the growing power of data; the rising impact of urbanisation on health; increasing patient centricity; the need for more flexible organisations and the move of innovation activity eastwards.
Available as both this report and as an accompanying presentation (https://www.slideshare.net/futureagenda2/future-of-healthcare-15-october-2019-182433390) this is now being used to inform and provoke further debate around the world. As ever we would like to thank all those who have given their time and insight to contribute to this project.
Australia has a mainly tax-funded health care system, with medical services subsidized through a universal national health insurance scheme.
some review about it.
Health access for all Thailand’s.The Thai citizens gain universal access to essential health services at zero cost, and reap significant benefits as babies get healthier, workers increase productivity, and households reduce financial risk.
The Thailand HiT reports that sustained political commitment to the health of the population since the 1970s has resulted in significant investment in health infrastructure, in particular primary health care, district and provincial referral hospitals, and strengthened the overall functioning of the Thai health system. After Thailand achieved universal health coverage in 2002, public expenditure on health significantly increased from 63% to 77% and out-of-pocket expense was reduced from 27.2% to 12.4% of the total health spending in 2011.
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
Future of Healthcare – Leadership Challenges
Further to several additional expert workshops this year, we are delighted to share an updated global perspective on the future of healthcare. Produced in partnership with Duke Corporate Education (http://www.dukece.com), this adds new insights on the pivotal shifts taking place across the sector plus viewpoints on some of the core implications for leadership. Topics include the growing power of data; the rising impact of urbanisation on health; increasing patient centricity; the need for more flexible organisations and the move of innovation activity eastwards.
Available as both this report and as an accompanying presentation (https://www.slideshare.net/futureagenda2/future-of-healthcare-15-october-2019-182433390) this is now being used to inform and provoke further debate around the world. As ever we would like to thank all those who have given their time and insight to contribute to this project.
Australia has a mainly tax-funded health care system, with medical services subsidized through a universal national health insurance scheme.
some review about it.
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Day 12.12.14, NepalDeepak Karki
This presentation is made on the first ever Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Day 12.12.14 celebration in Nepal by Nepal Health Economics Association (NHEA).
This describes the background problem, concept of health insurance, enrollment procedure, benefits,and implementation status of health insurance in Nepal, issues/concerns (discussion), take home message
The purpose of this presentation is to equip audiences with the ability to:
Define universal health coverage (UHC) and understand the basic tenets of UHC
Identify how UHC fits in USAID’s health and poverty reduction strategies
Effectively communicate to country stakeholders how USAID can support a country’s progress towards UHC
Identify relevant UHC resources within the Office of Health Systems and USAID
The presentation is part of the “UHC Toolkit” and accompanies Universal Health Coverage: An Annotated Bibliography, and Universal Health Coverage: Frequently Asked Questions.
The Role of Health Insurance in UHC: Learning from Ghana and EthiopiaHFG Project
USAID’s Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project works with partners around the world to support their progress towards universal health coverage (UHC). Protecting families and individuals from catastrophic health costs is one of the pillars of UHC. Health insurance is a key mechanism for providing financial protection. In this technical briefing, HFG shared lessons learned and technical insights from our work in piloting and scaling up community-based health insurance in Ethiopia and supporting Ghana’s National Health Insurance Authority to improve the financial sustainability of its National Health Insurance Scheme.
On Wednesday, March 2nd, the HFG project hosted a webinar featuring technical experts: Hailu Zelelew (Senior Associate/Health Economist, HFG Project), Chris Lovelace (Senior Health Governance Expert, HFG Project), and Jeanna Holtz (Health Insurance Specialist, HFG Project).
More:https://www.hfgproject.org/health-insurance-and-uhc-ghana-ethiopia/
Each year, the OHE sponsors a lecture that explores a timely issue in medicine or health economics. At the 22nd Annual Lecture, the issues and challenges of universal health care coverage in low- and middle-income countries were presented by Professor Anne Mills of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
The audio of this lecture now is available at http://news.ohe.org/2014/08/19/annual-lecture-2014-universal-health-coverage/
Universal Health Coverage: Frequently Asked QuestionsHFG Project
This brief answers several “frequently asked questions” (FAQ) on universal health coverage (UHC):
What is Universal Health Coverage (UHC)?
How does UHC align with USAID’s priorities?
How does UHC relate to broader goals for development, including the Sustainable Development Goals?
How is UHC measured?
What progress has been made towards UHC?
How does USAID support countries’ UHC efforts?
The FAQ accompanies Universal Health Coverage: An Annotated Bibliography, which presents resources that provide an overview of UHC and also delve into specific topics within UHC, such as measurement, health financing, and benefit plans. The bibliography also includes links to relevant websites that can provide additional resources.
การดูแลท่านผู้สูงอายุในประเทศไทยคงมีหน่วยงานหลายหน่วยงานที่ดูแลอยู่ อย่่างไรก็ดี ก็จะต้องออกแบบระบบสำหรับ health and well-being อย่างถ้วนหน้า โดย Leave no one behind โดยบูรณาการไปข้างหน้าให้ดีและยั่งยืน เหมาะสมกับบริบทของประเทศไทย
โรคเรื้อรังเกี่ยวกับระบบทางเดินหายใจ นับว่าเป็นปัญหาสาธารณสุขที่กระทบต่อคุณภาพชีวิตประชาชนมากเป็นอันดับต้นๆ การพัฒนาระบบการดูแลที่เรียกว่า chronic care model นับว่าจะช่วยทั้ง health and well being คนไข้ ครอบครัว และช่วยทางด้าน equity efficiency ระบบบริการสาธารณสุขด้วย
การจัดการกับเรื่องราวให้มีการพัฒนาอย่างยั่งยืน sustainable development goal ให้เกิด health and well being ตาม SDG 3 สำหรับสังคมผู้สูงอายุนั้น ต้องการการร่วมมือบูรณาการและผลักดันอย่างยิ่ง ทั้งนโยบายประชากร นโยบายทางการเงิน การจัดสวัสดิการ การจัดการสุขภาพ การจัดการสิ่งแวดล้อมและความปลอดภัย
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
4. Big picture of health system
4
Social determinants of health :SDOH
6-Jun-18
5. The human right to health and health
care
The human right to health
means that
• everyone has the right to
the highest attainable
standard of physical and
mental health, which
includes access to all
medical services, sanitation,
adequate food, decent
housing, healthy working
6. Dignity , Solidarity , Security
Universal Health Coverage #UHC and Global Health Security are two
sides of the same coin. To make the world safe, solidarity is the rule
of the game. No one is safe until everyone is safe.
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus DG, WHO, 2018
• The human right to health
guarantees a system of
health protection for all.
• Everyone has the right to the
health care they need, and to
living conditions that enable
us to be healthy, such as
adequate food, housing, and
a healthy environment.
Countries that invest in UHC
make a sound investment in
8. 3.8 Achieve universal health
coverage, including financial
risk protection, access to
quality essential health-care
services and access to safe,
effective, quality and
affordable essential medicines
and vaccines for all.
SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
9. Three dimensions of UC
• X axis: pop coverage
– Start from the poor, formal sector
employees and informal sector employees
• Y axis: financial protection
– Free at the point of service, minimum OOP
Reduce catastrophic illness
• Z axis: service coverage
– Comprehensive benefit package with very
small exclusion list
– Basic : OP PP IP
– Vertical programs
9
11. 11
Goal and objectives of UHC : Health financing system
Health financing
arrangements
Revenue
collection
Pooling
Purchasing
Benefits
UHC intermediate
objectives
Equity in resource
distribution
Efficiency
Transparency and
accountability
UHC Goal
Utilization Need
(Equity in the use of
health service)
Quality
Universal financial
protection
Applied form : Diane McIntyre and Joseph Kutzin. Health financing country diagnostics: a foundation for national strategy development, WHO, 2016.6-Jun-18
12. Investing in health systems to reach UHC
and the SDGs
“Investing in the health system not only
saves lives, it is also a crucial investment in the
wider economy. This is because ill-health impairs
productivity, hinders job prospects and adversely
affects human capital development.”
Source: Bill Gates . https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/12/the-importance-of-investing-in
14. 14
1945
2000
2002
Universal
Coverage
of Health Care
Expand
Prepayment
Establish
Prepayment
Exemption
1990
First Social Security Act (not implemented)
1974 Workmen Compensation Fund
1975 Free Medical Care for the Poor
1980 CSMBS
1983 Health Card Project for near poor
1990 Social Security Act
1970
User fees
1962-76
Provincial
hospital
1977-86
district hospitals
and health centers
Health
Infrastructure
Thailand: Historical development
Legislation
1993 - Free care for children,
1995 – for elderly
2000 - Total health
insurance coverage = 71 %
6-Jun-18
16. 16
Public financial management: before 2002
Civil
Servant
Med Benefit
Scheme
Hospital rev kept and used by hospital
(more flexible)
Social
Health
Insurance
Scheme
Out-of-pocket from
households
Low
income
card
scheme
Voluntary
Health Card
Scheme
Govt line item
budget: Grant
30% of pop
- uninsured
people
MOPH facility
- Capital
e.g. building,
equipment
- Salary &
operating
Govt budget:
line item
CLOSE ENDED
BUDGET
Hospital line item budget
(not flexible)
Rigor financial audit (either report or onsite audits)
by Auditor General and monthly financial report to MOPH
Govt central
bgt
OPEN
ENDED
Contribut.
CLOSE
ENDED
BUDGET
6-Jun-18
17. 17
Public financial management: after UHC 2002
Civil
Servant
Med Benefit
Scheme
Hospital rev kept and used by hospital
(more flexible)
Social
Health
Insurance
Scheme
Govt central
bgt
OPEN
ENDED
Contribut.
CLOSE
ENDED
BUDGET
Govt line item budget: Grant
CLOSE ENDED BUDGET
UC Scheme managed by National Health Security
Office (NHSO)
[consolidate a) Low income scheme, b) voluntary H
Card, c) new budget US$ 1 billion for 18m
uninsured, d) previously operating budget held by
MOPH
MOPH facility
- Capital
e.g. building,
equipment
- Salary
Govt budget:
line item
CLOSE ENDED
Hospital line item budget
(not flexible)
Rigor financial audit (either report or onsite audits)
by Auditor General and monthly financial report to MOPH6-Jun-18
18. 18
Dynamics of health insurance status
and budgeting flow in Thailand
18
Civil Service Medical
Benefits Scheme
(CSMBS): gov. officers
and dependents
Social security scheme
(SSS):
private formal employees
Universal Coverage
Scheme(UCS):
the rest of Thai citizens
Thai citizens
Safety Net
BudgetBudgeting
Beneficiary Population Financing
Tax
Tripartite
contribution
Tax
6-Jun-18
19. 19
Thai Universal Health Coverage
Act 2002 Royal Decree 1980 Act 1990
Comptroller General
Dept, MOF
Social Security Office,
MOL
National Health Security
Office
Public (75%) & private (25%) health facilities
48 M. pop
(reside in rural areas; Q1-2; children,
elderly, informal wk)
8 M. pop
(urban; Q4-5; children,
elderly, public sector wk)
10 M. pop
(city; Q4-5; only adult
workers in private
sector)
Tax funded Tax funded Tripartite cont
UC Scheme Civil Servant Scheme Social Health Insurance
67 million Thai populations
6-Jun-18
20. Conceptual Framework : Three
dimensions of UHC
Pooled funds
• to extend coverage to
those individuals who
previously were not
covered,
• to services that
previously were not
covered
• to reduce the direct Source WHR: 2008 & 2010
21. THREE DIMENSIONS OF THAI UCS
Z axis: Depth of
services
Comprehensive package
with small exclusion list.
P&P, All essential drugs,
Renal Replacement
Therapies, organ transplant,
CABG, cataract, dental
services and dentures, etc.
Y axis: Financial
protection - High
Free at the point of
service
(Out of pocket 12% of
THE)
X axis: Population coverage
universal population coverage (99.95% of population)
Under three public health insurance schemes (CSMBS (5%), SSS (20%), UCS (75%)
22. BENEFIT PACKAGE
• Benefit package in a desirable universal health
coverage should include health services from
health promotion, disease prevention, curation,
and rehabilitation.
• However, extending these health service
coverage will affect coverage of the other
dimensions.
• It is difficult to cover 100% of these dimensions.
• Therefore, some services may not cover or
require co-payment.
• In order to balance the coverage of these
dimensions, four related dimension of
effectiveness outcomes may be considered.
23. UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE
• Towards UHC implementations are not only using financial mechanisms to extend coverage
but also promoting new relationship of key stakeholders in UHC.
• Roles of purchasers include to reimburse health care cost to service providers according to
service agreements, to prepare optimal benefit packages to be able to promote effective
outcomes and remove financial risks from the beneficiaries, to ensure appropriate
distribution of services between regions.
• Consumer right protections and stakeholder participations are also important to promote
good relationship with stakeholders.
26. 6-Jun-18 26
Z axis:
Extensive comprehensive
package, small
exclusion list, almost all
high cost interventions
covered
Needs
SuppliesDemands
Z-axis to solve Health Needs or Effective Coverage
27. 27
National Health Security Fund : categories
Basic health
care
• OP PP IP
• IP
• CR : (AE ,HC)
• Rehabilitation
• Capital
replacement
• Thai
traditional
• No-fault
liability
• ect.
Basic health Care (on capitation basis)
ARV drug
Renal replacement therapy
2002
Chronic (2nd prevention for DM/HT)
Mental health
(medicine)
20112006 2009 2010
(Pilot project in FY2007 / the whole country in
FY2009)
27
2012 20162015
Liver (Age <18) & Heart transplant
Any CD 4
LTC
6-Jun-18
39. Source: World bank and WHO, Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2017 Global Monitoring Report, 2107.
* Consumption net of health expenditure < $3.10/day international poverty line
Impoverishing health expenditure*, 122 countries (2015)
6-Jun-18 39
45. 45
UC Scheme: approved per capita budget, 2003-2016
Budget increases by three folds, cost drivers are a) expansion of benefit packages,
b) increased utilization of OP and IP, c) unit cost inflation: 3% annual wage
increases and medical products inflation
Approved per capita budget UCS, 2003-2016, THB
1,202
1,309 1,396
1,659
1,900
2,100
2,202
2,401
2,756 2,756
2,895 2,895
3,029
2,546
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Year
THBpercapita
6-Jun-18
46. Adequate public
investment in health
• four Goals of SAFE
• Total health
expenditure (THE) is
not less than the
status quo level of
4.6 % of GDP (NHA
2013)
• GGHE as % of GGE is
not less than the
status quo level at
17% of GGE (NHA
2013)
GNI: Gross National Income, GDP: Gross Domestic Product, THE: Total Health Expenditure, GGHE: General
Government Health Expenditure,
GGE: General Government Expenditure, OOP: Household Out of pocket payment
GNI per capita,
US$
THE, %
GDP
THE per
capita, US$
GGHE %
THE
GGHE %
GGE
OOP %
THE
Reference year 2105 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014
Cuba
5,984
(2013)
11.1 817 95.6 18.0 4.4
France 30,404 11.5 4,959 78.2 15.7 6.3
Japan 28,099 10.2 3,703 83.6 20.3 13.9
Republic of Korea 21,835 7.4 2,060 54.1 12.3 36.1
Mexico 7,836 6.3 677 51.8 11.6 44
Norway 61,977 9.7 9,522 85.5 18.2 13.6
Thailand 4,350 4.1 228 77.8 13.2 11.9
European Union 26,517 10.0 3,613 77.8 16.0 13.9
Upper middle income country 6,362 6.2 NA 55.0 NA 36.2
High income country group 33,537 12.3 5,266 62.3 17.9 13.3
East Asia and Pacific
(all income level)
7,539 6.9 640 66.0 NA 25.2
Source: World Development Indicators, update 15 September 2017 [access 28 December 2017]
6-Jun-18 46
52. Future Challenge
1. Health
system
related
issues
• Strengthening health system by primary care approach
• Prevention and promotion to reduce cost of treatment
• Long term care for aging society
• Decentralized of service and commissioning
• Human resource distribution
• Quality assurance and Health technology assessment
• Development of a more equitable health facility plan and re-orientation of
existing system to fit with the health facility plan
• Reassuring people about quality of care provided by primary care provider and
the necessity to have a registration system based on primary care
• Special measures to target and to organize health services for the marginal and
specific groups of Thai citizen (e.g. migrant worker, solider, taxi- driver, prisoners
and etc.)
• Engaging private sector in the provision of health care especially in urban
areas and establish a system for public and private health-care providers in
Thailand
• Developing model to manage epidemiological transition and the aging of the
population
53. 2. Financing and
management
issues
• Ensuring long term financial sustainability and equity in financing of the UCS
(UCS relies on tax financing is sustainable? )
• Seeking innovation way to reduce cost of care and make health security system
sustainable
– Harmonization of benefit package and provider payment methods among
public health insurance schemes
– Standardization of provider payment methods and benefit packages among
schemes
– Establishment of active and effective health care purchaser (central and
local)
– Co-finance with community fund
• Using purchasing power to increase quality of care
Future Challenge
54. Future Challenge
3. Stakeholder
and
networking
• Balancing the use of financing mechanism and other
measures to maintain a good relationship between health
care providers, and between health care providers and
consumers
• Strong network of public and private participation
• Health protection for non-Thai citizen: a new agenda
(labor migrant :legal & Illegal) ASEAN Issue