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Designing toolkits for prototyping funnel




Shigeru Kobayashi (IAMAS)
Ubiquitous Content Symposium 2009 (February 27th, 2009)   Photo credit: ICC
Designing toolkits
 • Gainer (2005~)
 • Funnel (2007~)
Motivation (as an engineer)
 • “SketchingDifficult to implement neweasy as
              in hardware” was not so
   software:                           ideas
   in the late stages of development
 • Difficult to evaluate “new” ideas using past
   (old) experiences
 • Lack of common language between
   designers and engineers
Motivation (at IAMAS)
• Concept driven developmentnotnot so easy
                              is
  for average students who do    have
  concrete ideas
• “Build to think”skills are requiredgood,
                   method sounds
  but substantial
• Difficult to teach programming for
  micro-controllers in C or assembly
  (easy to get frustrated)
Encounters with Physical Computing
 • Encountered in 2004 Computing”
                “Physical
   via the book
 • The teaching methods described seemed
   very good for teaching
 • Then designed toolkits,booksworkshops,
                           held
   and wrote articles and
Background of Gainer
• Started in 2005 (before Arduino era)
• Let’s develop a toolkit that we want,
  by ourselves
• Keep as simple as possible, so minimized
  the functions to an I/O module
What is Gainer?
• A toolkit consisting of open source
  hardware and software
• Hardware: I/O module with USB I/F
• Software libraries
 • ActionScript 2/3
 • Processing
 • Max/MSP
Gainer I/O module




                    Photo: Shunsuke Takawo
Workshop example
• Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media
• 2 days (2007.12.21-22)
• 19 participants
• Gainer I/O + Funnel + Processing
Lecture




          Photo credit: YCAM
Practical training




                     Photo credit: YCAM
Idea sketches




                Photo credit: YCAM
Hardware sketching




                     Photo credit: YCAM
Hardware sketching




                     Photo credit: YCAM
Presentation




               Photo credit: YCAM
Presentation




               Photo credit: YCAM
GAINER
GAINER: Tutorial
GAINER: Cookbook
GAINER: Works
Gainer as an O.S. Hardware
• Gainer I/O module v1.0
 • Original version
 • PSoC based
Gainer as an O.S. Hardware
• Gainer PSoC development board
 • Designed by SparkFun Electronics
 • PSoC based
 • v1.3, v1.4 and v1.7
Gainer as an O.S. Hardware
• Ginger/Pepper/Sugar
 • Designed by Morecat Lab
 • AVR based
Gainer as an O.S. Hardware
• Gainer mini
 • Designed by RT
 • PIC based
Gainer as an O.S. Software
 • .NET
 • Perl
 • Puredata
 • Python
 • Ruby
 • Squeak
 • vvvv
Recent activities at IAMAS
 • Adopted of media arts to expression
           tried and tested
   methods                  interaction
   design
 • Will be yetinanother application for
   industries addition to interactive
   advertisements
 • Developing a new design method for
   physical interaction design: Gangu project
Processes of designing toys
 • Research existing electric toys (many)
 • Drawing idea sketches (many)
 • Evaluate ideas andstudent
   pick one for each
 • Dirty prototype
 • Hardware sketching
 • Making prototypes
 • Exhibiting
 • Reflection
Toy example: Mountain Guitar
• Design: Junichi Kanebako
• A toy like musical interface - professional
  guitar sound
• Gainer I/O (special model) + Max/MSP
Toy example: Jamming Gear
• Design: So Kanno and Kenichiro Saigo
• A Tangible interface for visualizing
  digital music
• Sketch: Gainer I/O + Max/MSP
• Prototype: FIO + Bluetooth + Max/MSP
Motivation to Funnel
• An I/O module doesn’ttoolkitsall user needs
                        cover
  and changing between          is expensive
• For beginners, it is numerous sensorsreal-
                       difficult to handle
  world inputs from
• Wired connection narrows ideas during
  “sketching in hardware” stage
Background of Funnel
• Initially planned as “Gainer v2.0”
• Started in 2007: Arduino was commonly
  available and widely used
• We usually used both Gainer and Arduino
• Don’t develop a newabout end users!
                         toolkit just for
  differentiation: think
• How about “interconnecting” existing
  toolkits?
Bill Buxton’s “design funnel”
 • Sketching User Experiences (2007)




We extended to physical prototypes: “prototyping funnel”
Efforts in the classroom
             Sketching                       Prototyping

      Toolkit Gainer                         Gainer or Arduino

  Connection wired                           wired, wireless or stand-alone

 Programming PC only                         PC and/or microcontroller

     Material cardboard, clay or styrofoam   wood and/or 3D printing

      Wiring breadboard                      soldering
What is Funnel?
• A toolkit to interconnect toolkits
• Covers from sketches to prototypes:
  the prototyping funnel
• Intended designers/artists and engineers
           to be a common language
  between
Funnel features
 • Translates “aprogramming language”
                 sensor language”
   into “a GUI
 • Various filters to handle inputs
  • Scaler
  • Divider (SetPoint)
  • LPF, HPF etc.
  • Oscillator
 • A new I/O module based on Arduino
Interconnections via Funnel
Supported hardware
• Gainer I/O
• Arduino and compatibles (via Firmata v2)
• XBee (IEEE 802.15.4 or ZigBee)
• FIO (Funnel I/O)
Supported languages
• Processing
• ActionScript 3
• Ruby
Event detection (without Funnel)
var threshold:Number = 0.5;
var hysteresis:Number = 0.1;
var lastState:int = 0;

function loop():void {
    var state:int = -1;
    if (io.analogInput(0).value < (threshold - hysteresis)) {
        state = 0;
    } else ((io.analogInput(0).value > (threshold + hysteresis))) {
        state = 1;
    } else {
        state = lastState;
    }

    if (lastState == 0 && state == 1) {
        // on rising edge, do something
    }

    lastState = state;
}
Event detection (with Funnel)
                                               Just add a filter
var threshold:Number = 0.5;
var hysteresis:Number = 0.1;

io.analogInput(0).filters = [new SetPoint([threshold, hysteresis])];
io.analogInput(0).addEventListener(PinEvent:RISING_EDGE, onRisingEdge);

function onRisingEdge(e:PinEvent):void {
    // do something
}
Using a digital compass (with Funnel)
var fio:Fio;
var compass:HMC6352;
var clockHand:Shape;

function setup():void {
	   fio = new Fio([1], Fio.FIRMATA);
	   compass = new HMC6352(fio.ioModule(1));
	   ...
}
                                Just add a sensor
function loop():void {
	   clockHand.rotation = compass.heading;
}
FIO as an O. S. Hardware
• FIO v1.0 (July, 2008)
 • Original demo design
 • 2 AAA rechargeable batteries
FIO as an O. S. Hardware
• FIO v1.3 (December, 2008)
 • Designed with SparkFun Electronics
 • A LiPo rechargeable battery
FIO as an O. S. Hardware
• Funnel IO remixed (January, 2009)
 • Designed by Seeed Studio
 • Just one month after FIO v1.3!
FIO as an O. S. Hardware
• Funnel IO remixed (January, 2009)
 • Designed by Seeed Studio
 • Just one month after FIO v1.3!
Future plans
 • Add featureswhile keeping things simple
                 to handle real-world
   applications,
 • Optimize performance
 • Support real embedded platforms
  • Beagle Board
  • Android
 • Collaborate with additional toolkits!
 • Write articles and books...
Designing toolkits for prototyping funnel




Shigeru Kobayashi (IAMAS)
Ubiquitous Content Symposium 2009 (February 27th, 2009)   Photo credit: ICC

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Ubiquitous Content Symposium 2009

  • 1. Designing toolkits for prototyping funnel Shigeru Kobayashi (IAMAS) Ubiquitous Content Symposium 2009 (February 27th, 2009) Photo credit: ICC
  • 2. Designing toolkits • Gainer (2005~) • Funnel (2007~)
  • 3. Motivation (as an engineer) • “SketchingDifficult to implement neweasy as in hardware” was not so software: ideas in the late stages of development • Difficult to evaluate “new” ideas using past (old) experiences • Lack of common language between designers and engineers
  • 4. Motivation (at IAMAS) • Concept driven developmentnotnot so easy is for average students who do have concrete ideas • “Build to think”skills are requiredgood, method sounds but substantial • Difficult to teach programming for micro-controllers in C or assembly (easy to get frustrated)
  • 5. Encounters with Physical Computing • Encountered in 2004 Computing” “Physical via the book • The teaching methods described seemed very good for teaching • Then designed toolkits,booksworkshops, held and wrote articles and
  • 6.
  • 7. Background of Gainer • Started in 2005 (before Arduino era) • Let’s develop a toolkit that we want, by ourselves • Keep as simple as possible, so minimized the functions to an I/O module
  • 8. What is Gainer? • A toolkit consisting of open source hardware and software • Hardware: I/O module with USB I/F • Software libraries • ActionScript 2/3 • Processing • Max/MSP
  • 9. Gainer I/O module Photo: Shunsuke Takawo
  • 10. Workshop example • Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media • 2 days (2007.12.21-22) • 19 participants • Gainer I/O + Funnel + Processing
  • 11. Lecture Photo credit: YCAM
  • 12. Practical training Photo credit: YCAM
  • 13. Idea sketches Photo credit: YCAM
  • 14. Hardware sketching Photo credit: YCAM
  • 15. Hardware sketching Photo credit: YCAM
  • 16. Presentation Photo credit: YCAM
  • 17. Presentation Photo credit: YCAM
  • 22. Gainer as an O.S. Hardware • Gainer I/O module v1.0 • Original version • PSoC based
  • 23. Gainer as an O.S. Hardware • Gainer PSoC development board • Designed by SparkFun Electronics • PSoC based • v1.3, v1.4 and v1.7
  • 24. Gainer as an O.S. Hardware • Ginger/Pepper/Sugar • Designed by Morecat Lab • AVR based
  • 25. Gainer as an O.S. Hardware • Gainer mini • Designed by RT • PIC based
  • 26. Gainer as an O.S. Software • .NET • Perl • Puredata • Python • Ruby • Squeak • vvvv
  • 27. Recent activities at IAMAS • Adopted of media arts to expression tried and tested methods interaction design • Will be yetinanother application for industries addition to interactive advertisements • Developing a new design method for physical interaction design: Gangu project
  • 28. Processes of designing toys • Research existing electric toys (many) • Drawing idea sketches (many) • Evaluate ideas andstudent pick one for each • Dirty prototype • Hardware sketching • Making prototypes • Exhibiting • Reflection
  • 29. Toy example: Mountain Guitar • Design: Junichi Kanebako • A toy like musical interface - professional guitar sound • Gainer I/O (special model) + Max/MSP
  • 30. Toy example: Jamming Gear • Design: So Kanno and Kenichiro Saigo • A Tangible interface for visualizing digital music • Sketch: Gainer I/O + Max/MSP • Prototype: FIO + Bluetooth + Max/MSP
  • 31.
  • 32. Motivation to Funnel • An I/O module doesn’ttoolkitsall user needs cover and changing between is expensive • For beginners, it is numerous sensorsreal- difficult to handle world inputs from • Wired connection narrows ideas during “sketching in hardware” stage
  • 33. Background of Funnel • Initially planned as “Gainer v2.0” • Started in 2007: Arduino was commonly available and widely used • We usually used both Gainer and Arduino • Don’t develop a newabout end users! toolkit just for differentiation: think • How about “interconnecting” existing toolkits?
  • 34. Bill Buxton’s “design funnel” • Sketching User Experiences (2007) We extended to physical prototypes: “prototyping funnel”
  • 35. Efforts in the classroom Sketching Prototyping Toolkit Gainer Gainer or Arduino Connection wired wired, wireless or stand-alone Programming PC only PC and/or microcontroller Material cardboard, clay or styrofoam wood and/or 3D printing Wiring breadboard soldering
  • 36. What is Funnel? • A toolkit to interconnect toolkits • Covers from sketches to prototypes: the prototyping funnel • Intended designers/artists and engineers to be a common language between
  • 37. Funnel features • Translates “aprogramming language” sensor language” into “a GUI • Various filters to handle inputs • Scaler • Divider (SetPoint) • LPF, HPF etc. • Oscillator • A new I/O module based on Arduino
  • 39. Supported hardware • Gainer I/O • Arduino and compatibles (via Firmata v2) • XBee (IEEE 802.15.4 or ZigBee) • FIO (Funnel I/O)
  • 40. Supported languages • Processing • ActionScript 3 • Ruby
  • 41. Event detection (without Funnel) var threshold:Number = 0.5; var hysteresis:Number = 0.1; var lastState:int = 0; function loop():void { var state:int = -1; if (io.analogInput(0).value < (threshold - hysteresis)) { state = 0; } else ((io.analogInput(0).value > (threshold + hysteresis))) { state = 1; } else { state = lastState; } if (lastState == 0 && state == 1) { // on rising edge, do something } lastState = state; }
  • 42. Event detection (with Funnel) Just add a filter var threshold:Number = 0.5; var hysteresis:Number = 0.1; io.analogInput(0).filters = [new SetPoint([threshold, hysteresis])]; io.analogInput(0).addEventListener(PinEvent:RISING_EDGE, onRisingEdge); function onRisingEdge(e:PinEvent):void { // do something }
  • 43. Using a digital compass (with Funnel) var fio:Fio; var compass:HMC6352; var clockHand:Shape; function setup():void { fio = new Fio([1], Fio.FIRMATA); compass = new HMC6352(fio.ioModule(1)); ... } Just add a sensor function loop():void { clockHand.rotation = compass.heading; }
  • 44. FIO as an O. S. Hardware • FIO v1.0 (July, 2008) • Original demo design • 2 AAA rechargeable batteries
  • 45. FIO as an O. S. Hardware • FIO v1.3 (December, 2008) • Designed with SparkFun Electronics • A LiPo rechargeable battery
  • 46. FIO as an O. S. Hardware • Funnel IO remixed (January, 2009) • Designed by Seeed Studio • Just one month after FIO v1.3!
  • 47. FIO as an O. S. Hardware • Funnel IO remixed (January, 2009) • Designed by Seeed Studio • Just one month after FIO v1.3!
  • 48. Future plans • Add featureswhile keeping things simple to handle real-world applications, • Optimize performance • Support real embedded platforms • Beagle Board • Android • Collaborate with additional toolkits! • Write articles and books...
  • 49. Designing toolkits for prototyping funnel Shigeru Kobayashi (IAMAS) Ubiquitous Content Symposium 2009 (February 27th, 2009) Photo credit: ICC