This document contains an agenda and materials for a lesson on foreign policy, including vocabulary terms, examples of different types of foreign policies, guided practice analyzing foreign policy events, and an exit slip assessment. Key topics covered are economic, political/military, and social/humanitarian foreign policies and how countries pursue national interests through their foreign policies.
Reagan's 1980 election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics, including a loss of confidence in liberal, New Deal, and Great Society programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.
Domestically, the Reagan administration enacted a major tax cut, sought to cut non-military spending, and eliminated federal regulations. The administration's economic policies, known as "Reaganomics", were inspired by supply-side economics. The combination of tax cuts and an increase in defense spending led to budget deficits, and the federal debt increased significantly during Reagan's tenure. Reagan signed the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (which simplified the tax code by reducing rates and removing several tax breaks) and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Reagan also appointed more federal judges than any other president, including four Supreme Court Justices.
Reagan's foreign policy stance was resolutely anti-communist; its plan of action, known as the Reagan Doctrine, sought to roll back the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War. Under this doctrine, the Reagan administration initiated a massive buildup of the United States military; promoted new technologies such as missile defense systems; and, in 1983, undertook an invasion of Grenada, the first major overseas action by U.S. troops since the end of the Vietnam War. The administration also created controversy by granting aid to paramilitary forces seeking to overthrow leftist governments, particularly in war-torn Central America and Afghanistan. Specifically, the Reagan administration engaged in covert arms sales to Iran to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua that were fighting to overthrow their nation's socialist government; the resulting scandal led to the conviction or resignation of several administration officials. During Reagan's second term, he sought closer relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, and the two leaders signed a major arms control agreement known as the INF Treaty.
President-elect Donald J. Trump will enter the White House having promised to radically alter United States foreign policy, with ramifications for Americans and the world.
But it’s not yet clear how. Mr. Trump offered vague and sometimes contradictory proposals during his campaign, with few of the typical details or white papers. Voters, foreign policy professionals and the country’s allies are all, to a real extent, left guessing.
Here, then, is a rundown of what we know about Mr. Trump’s foreign policy ideas and what some experts say about their feasibility and likely ramifications.
Reagan's 1980 election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics, including a loss of confidence in liberal, New Deal, and Great Society programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.
Domestically, the Reagan administration enacted a major tax cut, sought to cut non-military spending, and eliminated federal regulations. The administration's economic policies, known as "Reaganomics", were inspired by supply-side economics. The combination of tax cuts and an increase in defense spending led to budget deficits, and the federal debt increased significantly during Reagan's tenure. Reagan signed the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (which simplified the tax code by reducing rates and removing several tax breaks) and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Reagan also appointed more federal judges than any other president, including four Supreme Court Justices.
Reagan's foreign policy stance was resolutely anti-communist; its plan of action, known as the Reagan Doctrine, sought to roll back the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War. Under this doctrine, the Reagan administration initiated a massive buildup of the United States military; promoted new technologies such as missile defense systems; and, in 1983, undertook an invasion of Grenada, the first major overseas action by U.S. troops since the end of the Vietnam War. The administration also created controversy by granting aid to paramilitary forces seeking to overthrow leftist governments, particularly in war-torn Central America and Afghanistan. Specifically, the Reagan administration engaged in covert arms sales to Iran to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua that were fighting to overthrow their nation's socialist government; the resulting scandal led to the conviction or resignation of several administration officials. During Reagan's second term, he sought closer relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, and the two leaders signed a major arms control agreement known as the INF Treaty.
President-elect Donald J. Trump will enter the White House having promised to radically alter United States foreign policy, with ramifications for Americans and the world.
But it’s not yet clear how. Mr. Trump offered vague and sometimes contradictory proposals during his campaign, with few of the typical details or white papers. Voters, foreign policy professionals and the country’s allies are all, to a real extent, left guessing.
Here, then, is a rundown of what we know about Mr. Trump’s foreign policy ideas and what some experts say about their feasibility and likely ramifications.
Prof. Lawrence Haddad, Director of the Institute of Development Studies, Sussex, UK talks about how President Elect Obama may affect international development
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
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In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
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2. ANNOUNCEMENT If you need to increase your grade, make sure to come to one of the after school tutoring sessions. Unit 2 Review, Tuesday, May 3rd Unit 3 Review, Thursday, May 5th Unit 4 Review, Tuesday, May 10th Unit 5 Review, Thursday, May 12th Unit 1 Review AGAIN, Tuesday, May 17th
4. Unit 6: Public and Foreign Policy Vocabulary Review Immigration Public Assistance Structure and Organization of Congress Foreign Policy Structure and Judicial Review Land Use and Zoning International Organizations Affirmative Action and Equity Environmental Policy
5. Students will analyze foreign policy concepts in order to create policy solutions to current world events and that address national interests. Objective
9. Countries set up economic trade policies with other countries in order to get essential goods from other countries and protect their countries’ businesses. Economic Foreign Policy
10. Key vocabulary: Trade: to buy and sell goods Exports: goods that are sent to other countries Imports: goods that are brought into a country Free Trade: An agreement to eliminate restrictions, such as tariffs and quotas to trade between countries. Tariff: a tax on imports and exports Quota: a restriction on the number of specific items imported. Embargo or Economic Sanction: To stop all trade with a country. Embargoes are imposed primarily to coerce other nations into eliminating policies by weakening their economy. Economic Foreign Policy
11. Countries must protect its borders, citizens and freedoms in order to stay a sovereign (independent) nation. Political / Military Foreign Policy
12. Political / Military Foreign Policy Key Vocabulary Treaties: Agreements among nations that each nation follows Military alliances: an agreement among countries to help one another when attacked. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a military alliance that protects member nations. United Nations: an international organization with more that 190 country members to promote peace Diplomacy: handling foreign policy
13. Social / Humanitarian Foreign Policy Countries assist struggling countries for the sake of helping innocent people and maintaining peace and democracy in unstable countries
14. Social / Humanitarian Foreign Policy Key Vocabulary Human rights: basic rights of all people Famine: lack of food, mass starvation Civil War: war within a nation
15. Why do we have foreign policy? Foreign Policy protects our national interests for: national security: protecting borders economic stability: maintaining a healthy economy promoting democracy: helping other country’s establish democratic governments protecting human rights: protecting innocent people from human rights abuses the reputation of the United States as a world leader: asserting our position as a military and economic superpower.
17. In the 1980s, the United States, some European countries, and the United Nations banned the trade of certain goods and services to South Africa. The policy was in response to South African laws, which enforced racial segregation. Which of these best describes this action toward South Africa? the use of diplomacy to gain military strength the use of free trade to build military alliances the use of humanitarian aid to win political support the use of economic sanctions to bring about social change Check for Understanding
18. Read the news headline below. Which of these is a purpose of this action by the United States? to decrease the cost of lumber to protect the United States lumber industry to decrease United States lumber exports to allow for the free trade of lumber Check for Understanding
19. Which of these is an example of an economic sanction? providing poor countries with humanitarian aid creating trade alliances with bordering countries refusing to meet with a diplomatic representative of a dictatorship ending trade with a country that has a poor human rights record Check for Understanding
20. In 1972, the United States and 143 other nations signed a treaty that banned the development, production, and storage of biological weapons. What is most likely the goal of this treaty? to give nations the right to defend themselves to stop nations from acquiring military secrets to conduct research on the effects of biological weapons to prevent the use of biological weapons by nations at war Check for Understanding
21. “… let us resolve to wage an unrelenting [continuous] battle against poverty and for shared prosperity so that no part of humanity is left behind in the global economy.….” —President Bill Clinton, at the United Nations, September 21, 1999 Which of these topics is most related to the excerpt? arms reduction climatic changes military deployment development assistance Check for Understanding
22. Foreign Policy Event Consider the following situations. Each is based on an actual conflict somewhere in the world. You will answer a number of questions for each case. The first questions is always: what national interests are at stake?Possibilitiesinclude: national security economic stability promoting democracy protecting human rights the reputation of the United States as a world leader
23. Video on Foreign Policy Video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v61IdnDey-8 What national interests are threatened? (Explain your answers)
24. Video on Foreign Policy 2. What questions do you have for Pakistan?
25. Video on Foreign Policy 3. Do you think the United States should pull troops out of Afghanistan now? Why or why not?
26. Foreign Policy Events Complete the three foreign policy events and the questions. You have 20 minutes to finish. We will go over the second event in 15 minutes.
27. Finish your letter to the President of the United States. Hand it in so that we can mail the letter to him!!! If you get a response from the President, we will bump your grade by one whole letter. HOMEWORK
28. Exit Slip Legislation promoting immigration would most likely cause a decrease in economic activity an increase in cultural diversity a decrease in population growth an increase in available housing
29. Exit Slip Study the political cartoon below. Which of these foreign policy concerns is most likely addressed by the actions in this cartoon? supporting democratic reforms in other countries promoting environmental protection in developing nations providing humanitarian aid during crisis situations protecting residents from possible security threats