This document is a certificate from Y.B. Patil Polytechnic certifying that six students - Hrishikesh Tarange, Atharva Patil, Yogesh Yelavi, Prathamesh Rokde, Avinash Sakhere, and Davendra Suthar - satisfactorily completed a project on the topic of "Types of supports, beam and loading". The project was submitted to fulfill the requirements for a diploma in civil engineering. It includes the students' names, signatures of the guide and HOD, and the principal's name.

1. Y.B. PATIL POLYTECHNIC
SECTOR NO. 29, AKURDI, PUNE -411044, INDIA
HRISHIKESH TARANGE – Y-2070-1901340102
ATHARVA PATIL – Y-2075-1901340081
YOGESH YELAVI -Y-2083-1901340103
PRATHAMESH ROKDE – Y-2031-1901340079
AVINASH SAKHERE – Y-2058 -1901340080
DAVENDRA SUTHAR – Y-2077-1901340104
This is to certify ;has satisfactorily carried out and completed the project work entitled
Types of supports, beam and loading
This work is being submitted for the award of Diploma in civil Engineering partial fulfillment of
prescribed syllabus of M.S.B.T.E Mumbai for academic Year 2020
MS.ABHIJEET PATIL MR,ABHIJEET PATIL
GUIDE HOD CIVIL DEPARTMENT
PRINCIPLE
PROF.A.S KONDEKAR
Micro project proposal

2. Types of supports, beam and loading
1.Aims/benefits of micro project: To get knowledge about supports, beams and loading its
objective its component use in civil engineering introduction & knowledge of supports,
beams and loading
2 Course outcome addressed.
1 To learn about supports, beams and loading
2. To learn about component & it use
3. To learn about their advantage & disadvantage
3 Action plan
Sr.
No.
Details of activity Planned
Start date
Planed
Finished
date
Name of
responsible
team member
1) Collection of information. 20/06/2020 20/06/2020 HRISHIKESH
TARANGE –
Y1171
ATHARVA
PATIL – Y1154
2) Working of Microsoft
Word.
20/06/2020 23/06/2020 YOGESH
YELAVI –
Y1177
PRATHAMESH
ROKDE –
Y1161
3) Taking Prints of the project
made in Microsoft Word &
Microsoft word & binding it
22/06/2020 22/06/2020 AVINASH
SAKHERE –
Y1162
DAVENDRA
SUTAR –
Y1170
5 Resource Required

3. Sr.no Name of resource /materials specification Qty Remark
1 Internet and reference book Collect
information
1
2 laptop Working on
Microsoft word
1
Name of team member with roll no
HRISHIKESH TARANGE – Y2070
ATHARVA PATIL – Y2075
YOGESH YELAVI – Y2083
PRATHAMESH ROKDE – Y2031
AVINASH SAKHERE – Y2058
DAVENDRA SUTAR – Y2077
Micro project evaluation sheet

4. Name of student
HRISHIKESH TARANGE – Y2070
ATHARVA PATIL – Y2075
YOGESH YELAVI – Y2083
PRATHAMESH ROKDE – Y2031
AVINASH SAKHERE – Y2058
DAVENDRA SUTAR – Y2077
Name of programme: micro project on the topic Types of supports, beam and loading
Semester:1st
Course title: mechanics of structure
Title of micro project : Types of supports, beam and loading
Course outcome achieved
1 To learn about Types of supports, beam and loading
2. To learn about component & it use
3. To learn about their advantage & disadvantage
Sr
no
Characteristic to be
assessed
Poor
(mark 1-3)
Average
(mark 4-5)
Good
(mark 6-8)
Excellent
(mark 9-10)
Sub total
(A)PROCESS AND PRODUCT ASSESSMENT CONVERT ABOVE TOTAL MARK OUT OF 6 MARK
1 Relevance to the course
2 Literature review/information
3 Completion of the target as
per project proposal
4 Analysis of date and
representation
5 Quality of prototype/model
6 Report preparation
(B)INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION/VIVA CONVERT ABOVE MARK OUT OF 4 MARKS
7 Presentation
8 viva

5. NAME ROLL NO
(A)
PROCESS AND
PRODUCT
ASSESSMENT
(6MARK)
(B)
INDIVIDUAL
PRESENTATIO
N/ VIVA (4
MARK)
TOTAL
MARK (10
MARK)
HRISHIKESH
TARANGE
Y-2070
ATHARVA PATIL Y-2075
YOGESH YELAVI Y-2083
PRATHAMESH
ROKDE
Y-2031
AVINASH SAKHERE Y-2058
DAVENDRA SUTAR Y-2077
COMMENTS/SUGGESTION ABOUT TEAMWORK/LEADERSHIP/INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION ( IF ANY)
NAME AND DESIGNATION OF TEACHER …………………………………………………
DATED SIGNATURE………………………………

6. Types of supports
Roller supports
Roller support allows thermal expansion and contraction of the span and prevents damage
on other structural members such as a pinned support. The typical application of Roller
supports is in large bridges. In civil engineering, roller supports can be seen at one end of a
bridge.
Roller support cannot prevent translational movements in horizontal or lateral directions and
any rotational movement but prevents vertical translations. Its reaction force is a single linear
force perpendicular to, and away from, the surface (upward or downward). This support type
is assumed to be capable of resisting normal displacement.
It can be rubber bearings, rocker or a set of gears allowing a limited amount of lateral
movement. A structure on roller skates, for example, remains in place as long as it must only
support itself. As soon as lateral load pushes on the structure, a structure on roller skates
will roll away in response to the force.
Pinned support[
Pinned support attaches the only web of a beam to a girder called a shear connection. The
support can exert a force on a member acting in any direction and prevent translational
movements, or relative displacement of the member-ends in all directions but cannot prevent
any rotational movements.[1]
Its reaction forces are single linear forces of unknown direction
or horizontal and vertical forces which are components of the single force of unknown
direction.[5]
Pinned support is just like a human elbow. It can be extended and flexed (rotation), but you
cannot move your forearm left to right (translation). One benefit of pinned supports is not
having internal moment forces and only their axial force playing a big role in designing them.
However, a single pinned support cannot completely restrain a structure. At least two
supports are needed to resist the moment.[7]
Applying in trusses is one frequent way we can
use this support.
Fixed support[edit]
Rigid or fixed supports maintain the angular relationship between the joined elements and
provide both force and moment resistance. It exerts forces acting in any direction and
prevents all translational movements (horizontal and vertical) as well as all rotational
movement of a member. These supports’ reaction forces are horizontal and vertical
components of a linear resultant; a moment.[5]
It is a rigid type of support or connection. The
application of the fixed support is beneficial when we can only use single support, and
people most widely used this type as the only support for a cantilever.[7]
They are common in
beam-to-column connections of moment-resisting steel frames and beam, column and slab
connections in concrete frames.

7. Hanger support[edit]
Hanger support only exerts a force and prevents a member from acting or translating away
in the direction of the hanger. However, this support cannot prevent translational movement
in all directions and any rotational movement.[1][5]
This is one of the simplest structural forms
in which the elements are in pure tension. Structures of this type range from simple guyed or
stayed structures to large cable-supported bridge and roof systems.[4]
Simple support[edit]
Simple support is basically where the structural member rests on an external structure as in
two concrete blocks holding a resting plank of wood on their tops. This support is similar to
roller support in a sense that restrains vertical forces but not horizontal forces. Therefore, it
is not widely used in real life structures unless the engineer can be sure that the member will
not translate.[7]
Varieties of support[edit]
Name Schematic
diagram
Simple figure Allowed movement Reaction
Verti
cal
Horizo
ntal
Rotati
on
(Mom
ent)
Direction Num
ber
Roller
or
simpl
e
No Yes Yes
1

8. (mova
ble)
suppo
rt
Pinne
d or
hinge
d
suppo
rt
No No Yes
2
Middl
e
hinge
(for
axial
memb
er)
No No Yes
2
Fixed
suppo
rt
No No No
3
Middl
e
hinge
(for
beam
memb
er)
No Yes No
2
What is a Beam?
The beam is defined as the structural member which is used to bear different loads. It resists
the vertical loads, shear forces and bending moments.

9. Types of Beams
The different types of beams are:
1. Cantilever Beam:
A cantilever beam is a beam that is fixed from one end and free at the other end.
In the figure you can easily see that one end i.e. A is fixed and the other end i.e. B is free. So
this beam is called as cantilever beam.
2. Simply Supported Beam:
A beam which is supported or resting on the supports at its both the ends, is called simply
supported beam.
In the figure, both the ends of the beam is supported by supports, one support is at end A
and the other support is at end B. this beam is known as simply supported beam.
Also Read:

10. ●
3. Overhanging Beam:
In a beam, if one of its ends is extended beyond the support, it is known as overhanging
beam.
As shown in the above figure, we observe that beam is extending beyond the support B, and
hence this beam is called overhanging beam.
4. Fixed Beams:
A beam which has both of its ends fixed or built in walls is called fixed beam.

11. In the figure, both the ends of the beams are rigidly fixed in the walls, this type of beams are
known as fixed beams.
5. Continuous Beam:
It is a beam which is provided with more than two supports as shown in figure.
Here we can see in the figure that the beam has more than two supports at A, B and C. This
beam is called continuous beams.
This is all about the different types of beams. If you found this piece of information useful
and valuable then don’t forget to like and share it.
Type of Loads Acting on Structures

12. Structural Loads:
A load is a force which applies to a structure tending to produce deformations, stresses or
displacements in the structure and it must withstand these types of generated actions.
Types of Loads:
1- Dead Loads: Vertical loads that are fixed in position and are produced by the weight of
the elements of the structure or the whole structure with all its permanent components.
Examples are: own weight of structural member and super imposed load
s (e.g. walls and flooring cover)
2- Live Loads: consist mainly of occupancy loads (e.g. people and furniture) in buildings
and traffic loads on bridges. They may be either fully or partially in place or not present at all,
and may also change in location.

13. Dead and live
loads
3- Wind Loads: are the positive or negative pressures exerted on a building when it
obstructs the flow of moving air. Wind loads generally act perpendicular the surface of the
structure. Value of load varies depending on the geographic location of the building and its
height.

14. Wind loads
4- Seismic Loads: are the inertial forces that act on the structure due to earthquake-
induced ground motions.

15. Seismic loads
5- Snow Loads: the amount of snow load on a roof structure is dependent on a variety of
factors:
• Roof geometry,
• Size of the structure,
• Insulation of the structure,
• Wind frequency,
• Snow duration,
• Geographical location of the structure.

16. Snow loads
6- Lateral Soil and Hydro-static Loads:
7- Thermal and Settlement Loads: