ANALYSIS OF ROLE OF PROTEIN IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF CANCER USING WEIGHTED MUL...ijcoa
Cancer occurs as a result of mutations, or abnormal changes, in the genes responsible for regulating the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. The cells in our bodies replace themselves through an orderly process of cell growth: healthy new cells take over as old ones die out. Cell, in due course of time, gains the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more cells just like it and forming a tumor. The breast has developed from cells in the breast due to a malignant tumor. In this paper an attempt is made to find out the role of protein in reaching the different stages of breast cancer on the basis of experts opinion using the weighted multi expert neural networks system
ANALYSIS OF ROLE OF PROTEIN IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF CANCER USING WEIGHTED MUL...ijcoa
Cancer occurs as a result of mutations, or abnormal changes, in the genes responsible for regulating the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. The cells in our bodies replace themselves through an orderly process of cell growth: healthy new cells take over as old ones die out. Cell, in due course of time, gains the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more cells just like it and forming a tumor. The breast has developed from cells in the breast due to a malignant tumor. In this paper an attempt is made to find out the role of protein in reaching the different stages of breast cancer on the basis of experts opinion using the weighted multi expert neural networks system
Meritxell Huch - Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Universi...Fundación Ramón Areces
El jueves 8 de febrero de 2018 se realizó en la Fundación Ramón Areces un Ciclo de Conferencias sobre células madre y organoides, en colaboración con Springer Nature.
Biology Molecular
University of Haifa. (2015, August 13). Big data and the social character of genes. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 12, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150813084035.htm
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (2015, August 4). Keeping algae from stressing out. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 12, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150804144013.htm
Martínez Sánchez, Lina María. Biología Molecular. 8.ed. Medellín. UPB. Facultad de Medicina.
OMICS Publishing Group, Conference on Metabolomics-2013 is a remarkable event which brings together a unique and International mix of large and medium pharmaceutical, biotech and diagnostics companies, leading universities and clinical research institutions making the conference a perfect platform to share experience, foster collaborations across industry and academia, and evaluate emerging technologies across the globe.
Reprogramming to pluripotency is possible from adult cells of different tissues and species through the ectopic expression of defined factors. The generated induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are relevant for various purposes, including disease modeling, drug or toxicity screening and autologous cell therapy. Over the last few years, increased efforts are being made to improve the reprogramming techniques, the efficiency and quality of the generated iPSCs, as well as to identify the best cell source to be reprogrammed. Cells derived from fetal tissues, such as amniotic fluid, placenta and umbilical cord, offer distinct advantages in terms of reprogramming compared to adult somatic cells. Importantly, fetal cells are more primitive, easily achievable in sufficient numbers and are devoid of any ethical concern. They show great plasticity, high proliferation rate, low immunogenity and absence of teratoma formation. Therefore, they can be reprogrammed much faster and more efficiently than adult cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advantages of reprogramming fetal sources in comparison to other commonly used cell types.
The culture of cells in two dimensions does not reproduce the histological characteristics of a tissue for informative or useful study. Growing cells as three-dimensional (3D) models more analogous to their existence in vivo may be more clinically relevant. Discuss the potential of using three dimensional cell cultures for anti-cancer drug screening.
Genes and Tissue Culture Assignment Presentation (Group 3)Lim Ke Wen
The culture of cells in two dimensions does not reproduce the histological characteristics of a tissue for informative or useful study. Growing cells as three-dimensional (3D) models more analogous to their existence in vivo may be more clinically relevant. Discuss the potential of using three dimensional cell cultures for anti-cancer drug screening.
A normal cell can be transformed into a cancerous cell. Discuss the therapeutic strategies that are employed to target the cellular transformation process for cancer prevention and treatment.
Stem Cell Research: Trends and Perspectives on the Evolving International Lan...Elsevier
This report was jointly prepared by EuroStemCell, Kyoto University’s Institute for Integrated Cell-Material\Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), and Elsevier. It presents the results of a study that uses publication output metrics to gain a bird’s-eye view of the stem cell field, both overall and specifically with regard to embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. While it is beyond the scope of this study to provide in-depth policy analysis or recommendations, we have drawn on expert input across the field to illustrate areas to which the data may relate, including national policies, regulations, funding strategies, and research practices.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HAMIRPUR
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DISCOVERY THAT MATURE CELLS CAN BE
REPROGRAMMED TO BECOME PLURIPOTENT
SEMINAR REPORT
CH-327
NAME: MAYANK BHARDWAJ
ROLL NUMBER: 20BCH051
DISCOVERY THAT MATURE CELLS CAN BE
REPROGRAMMED TO BECOME PLURIPOTENT
ABSTRACT
The discovery of iPSCs has paved the way for numerous applications in the medical field,
including the use of patient-specific iPSCs to model diseases, the development of new drugs, and
the creation of personalized cell-based therapies. Additionally, the ability to reprogram cells
without the use of embryos has removed many ethical considerations associated with traditional
stem cell research.
Overall, the discovery of reprogramming mature cells has opened up new avenues of research
and holds immense promise for future medical treatments.
1. INTRODUCTION
Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to differentiate into any type of cell in the body.
Pluripotent cells are considered the building blocks of the body and have the potential to form
any tissue or organ. This unique property makes them of great importance in the field of biology
and medicine.
In biology, pluripotent cells provide a valuable tool for understanding cellular differentiation and
the development of tissues and organs. In medicine, pluripotent cells hold immense promise for
regenerative therapies and disease treatment. For example, scientists can use pluripotent cells to
generate replacement tissues and organs, thereby providing new treatments for conditions such as
heart disease, diabetes, and spinal cord injury. Additionally, the ability to generate
patient-specific pluripotent cells has allowed scientists to study the underlying causes of diseases
and develop new drugs.
Overall, pluripotency and the study of pluripotent cells are crucial for advancing our
understanding of biology and for developing new medical treatments.
The study of stem cells has a long and rich history that dates back to the early 20th century. In
the early days of stem cell research, scientists were primarily interested in the role of stem cells
in embryonic development. In the 1950s and 1960s, the discovery of stem cells in adult tissues
opened up new avenues of research and sparked interest in the potential therapeutic applications
of these cells.
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, advances in cell culture techniques and genetic
engineering paved the way for the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In 2006,
scientists showed that mature cells could be reprogrammed to become pluripotent, setting the
stage for a new era of stem cell research.
Since the discovery of iPSCs, the field of stem cell research has expanded rapidly, leading to
numerous scientific and medical breakthroughs. Today, stem cell research is a highly active and
interdisciplinary field that brings together scientists from diverse backgrounds, including
biology, medicine, and engineering.
Overall, the historical context of st
Meritxell Huch - Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Universi...Fundación Ramón Areces
El jueves 8 de febrero de 2018 se realizó en la Fundación Ramón Areces un Ciclo de Conferencias sobre células madre y organoides, en colaboración con Springer Nature.
Biology Molecular
University of Haifa. (2015, August 13). Big data and the social character of genes. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 12, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150813084035.htm
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (2015, August 4). Keeping algae from stressing out. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 12, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150804144013.htm
Martínez Sánchez, Lina María. Biología Molecular. 8.ed. Medellín. UPB. Facultad de Medicina.
OMICS Publishing Group, Conference on Metabolomics-2013 is a remarkable event which brings together a unique and International mix of large and medium pharmaceutical, biotech and diagnostics companies, leading universities and clinical research institutions making the conference a perfect platform to share experience, foster collaborations across industry and academia, and evaluate emerging technologies across the globe.
Reprogramming to pluripotency is possible from adult cells of different tissues and species through the ectopic expression of defined factors. The generated induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are relevant for various purposes, including disease modeling, drug or toxicity screening and autologous cell therapy. Over the last few years, increased efforts are being made to improve the reprogramming techniques, the efficiency and quality of the generated iPSCs, as well as to identify the best cell source to be reprogrammed. Cells derived from fetal tissues, such as amniotic fluid, placenta and umbilical cord, offer distinct advantages in terms of reprogramming compared to adult somatic cells. Importantly, fetal cells are more primitive, easily achievable in sufficient numbers and are devoid of any ethical concern. They show great plasticity, high proliferation rate, low immunogenity and absence of teratoma formation. Therefore, they can be reprogrammed much faster and more efficiently than adult cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advantages of reprogramming fetal sources in comparison to other commonly used cell types.
The culture of cells in two dimensions does not reproduce the histological characteristics of a tissue for informative or useful study. Growing cells as three-dimensional (3D) models more analogous to their existence in vivo may be more clinically relevant. Discuss the potential of using three dimensional cell cultures for anti-cancer drug screening.
Genes and Tissue Culture Assignment Presentation (Group 3)Lim Ke Wen
The culture of cells in two dimensions does not reproduce the histological characteristics of a tissue for informative or useful study. Growing cells as three-dimensional (3D) models more analogous to their existence in vivo may be more clinically relevant. Discuss the potential of using three dimensional cell cultures for anti-cancer drug screening.
A normal cell can be transformed into a cancerous cell. Discuss the therapeutic strategies that are employed to target the cellular transformation process for cancer prevention and treatment.
Stem Cell Research: Trends and Perspectives on the Evolving International Lan...Elsevier
This report was jointly prepared by EuroStemCell, Kyoto University’s Institute for Integrated Cell-Material\Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), and Elsevier. It presents the results of a study that uses publication output metrics to gain a bird’s-eye view of the stem cell field, both overall and specifically with regard to embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. While it is beyond the scope of this study to provide in-depth policy analysis or recommendations, we have drawn on expert input across the field to illustrate areas to which the data may relate, including national policies, regulations, funding strategies, and research practices.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HAMIRPUR
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DISCOVERY THAT MATURE CELLS CAN BE
REPROGRAMMED TO BECOME PLURIPOTENT
SEMINAR REPORT
CH-327
NAME: MAYANK BHARDWAJ
ROLL NUMBER: 20BCH051
DISCOVERY THAT MATURE CELLS CAN BE
REPROGRAMMED TO BECOME PLURIPOTENT
ABSTRACT
The discovery of iPSCs has paved the way for numerous applications in the medical field,
including the use of patient-specific iPSCs to model diseases, the development of new drugs, and
the creation of personalized cell-based therapies. Additionally, the ability to reprogram cells
without the use of embryos has removed many ethical considerations associated with traditional
stem cell research.
Overall, the discovery of reprogramming mature cells has opened up new avenues of research
and holds immense promise for future medical treatments.
1. INTRODUCTION
Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to differentiate into any type of cell in the body.
Pluripotent cells are considered the building blocks of the body and have the potential to form
any tissue or organ. This unique property makes them of great importance in the field of biology
and medicine.
In biology, pluripotent cells provide a valuable tool for understanding cellular differentiation and
the development of tissues and organs. In medicine, pluripotent cells hold immense promise for
regenerative therapies and disease treatment. For example, scientists can use pluripotent cells to
generate replacement tissues and organs, thereby providing new treatments for conditions such as
heart disease, diabetes, and spinal cord injury. Additionally, the ability to generate
patient-specific pluripotent cells has allowed scientists to study the underlying causes of diseases
and develop new drugs.
Overall, pluripotency and the study of pluripotent cells are crucial for advancing our
understanding of biology and for developing new medical treatments.
The study of stem cells has a long and rich history that dates back to the early 20th century. In
the early days of stem cell research, scientists were primarily interested in the role of stem cells
in embryonic development. In the 1950s and 1960s, the discovery of stem cells in adult tissues
opened up new avenues of research and sparked interest in the potential therapeutic applications
of these cells.
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, advances in cell culture techniques and genetic
engineering paved the way for the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In 2006,
scientists showed that mature cells could be reprogrammed to become pluripotent, setting the
stage for a new era of stem cell research.
Since the discovery of iPSCs, the field of stem cell research has expanded rapidly, leading to
numerous scientific and medical breakthroughs. Today, stem cell research is a highly active and
interdisciplinary field that brings together scientists from diverse backgrounds, including
biology, medicine, and engineering.
Overall, the historical context of st
The Opposing Viewpoint of Stem CellStem cell research explores t.docxoreo10
The Opposing Viewpoint of Stem Cell
Stem cell research explores the nature and growth capabilities of cells essential for ensuring replacement of cells in living organisms (Paddock, 2017). Such cells have an advantage of being manipulated to any type of cells as it is deemed necessary by the scientists based on scarcity or slow rejuvenation process of the natural cells. The general public has largely adopted a reserved approach to stem cell research and therapy despite the positive research and development showcased by leading scientists including;
· Jun Takahashi: he explored the safety and applicability of stem cell therapy in primates in relations to the Parkinson’s disease, recording a major success between the interaction of human cells and animals (Sandoiu). Furthermore, no long-term negative effect was established from the treatment that saw full recovery of the primates.
· Hai Nguyen, Aileen Anderson and colleagues: carried a similar exercise on injured mice to record tremendous success of the donor cells in a period ranging immediately after the induction process to at most one month (Society for Neuroscience. 2017).
· Scientists from the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in Los Angeles CA: highlighted the need for stem therapy in replacing aging heart muscles using rats (Paddock, 2017). The induced cells were able to grow and multiply thus repair the heart muscles of the older rats to improve the general body functioning.
Despite the breathtaking discoveries as tested and presented by these scientists, ethical concerns have prevailed to the dismay of an excited global scientists’ fraternity. The general public is cautious in its approach to stem cell therapy from various reasons ranging from the potential to cause cancer to how the media overrates the treatment process that still has critical gaps to full implementation (Begley, 2017). There are two major concerns that arise from the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute research as reported by Paddock. The first concern as perceived by the layman defined as the general public is the fact the findings are based on animals other than human beings. This experiment was purely run on rodent tissue thus raising a legitimate query as to the consistency if replicated in humans. The second concern arises from Paddocks admission that the scientists proposed the need for further research to determine whether the findings are only valid when the donors are young (2017).
Since the same article admits the fact modern day medicine has seen prolonged life with a possibility of the elderly to exceed the children population, such a dependency on young donors may endanger the human species in the long run.
The excitement surrounding Stem Cell Research is magnified through mainstream media that often cares about moving volumes in sales rather than realistically highlight the caution or reservations pronounced by scientists. However, Sharon Begley is exemplary in her revelation of a high-risk gap in research that li ...
Purpose: To review the Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) with and without microscopy on patients with Klinefelter Syndrome (KS).
Method: A literature search was conducted for studies comparing TESE and mTESE efficacy for men with KS. The efficacy was measured by using the SRR and PR following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). The studies used were divided into two groups: large studies with 40 or more patients, and small studies with fewer than 40 patients.
Embryonic stem cells – Promises and IssuesTania Jabin
Introduction, Embryonic Stem Cells, Promises of Embryonic Stem cell research, Figure: The Promise of Stem Cell Research, Issues in Embryonic Stem cells - New embryonic stem cell lines from frozen embryos Informed consent for donation of materials for stem cell research Waiver of consent Consent from gamete donors Confidentiality of donor information Ethical concerns about oocyte donation for research (1. Medical risks of oocyte retrieval, 2. Protecting the reproductive interests of women in infertility treatment, 3. Payment to oocyte donors, 4. Informed consent for oocyte donation).
Stem-cell therapy in medicine–how far we came and what we can expect?Apollo Hospitals
The name ‘stem-cell’ is making the news in recent times both for good and not. The current articles tries to give a snap shot of the scientific and clinical picture of stem-cells in medicine as of today and discuss what it have to offer in the to the mankind. The article discusses the characters and types of stem-cells, their current indication in therapeutics (both established and upcoming), as well as their use in research. It also gives a brief overview of the current laws guiding its use in clinical practice and the various cultural beliefs associated with the use of same.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Surpass Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Scientific Lit...BioInformant
In 2015, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) surpassed hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for the first time in history, to become the most common stem cell type to appear within the scientific literature.
Mesenchymal stem cells were also the only stem cell type of the five analyzed to have an increase in scientific publications from 2014 to 2015. All four of the other stem cell types decreased in scientific publication frequency during that time period.
Types of Stem Cells Used in US-Based Clinical Trials Between 1999 and 2004
1. Figure 1. Number clinical trials with each stem cell type in a given year
Types of Stem Cells Used in US-Based Clinical Trials Between 1999 and 2004
Erin K. Luciano, Emma M Elliott, Monica J. Mosimann, Lucas A. Mitzel, Isaac J. Sanford, Derek M. Doroski
Franciscan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, USA
Introduction: Stem cells are a promising avenue for regenerative therapies. While research with many different
types of stem cells is being conducted, the relative contribution of different stem cell types to clinical trials is
unclear. This study examines the number of clinical trials involving different stem cell types from 1999 to 2014.
Materials and Methods: A search using the term “stem cells” was done of the clinical trials from the website
<www.clinacaltrials.gov>. 4588 clinical trials were found between the years 1999 and 2014 inclusive. 688 trials
were excluded because they did not specify the type of stem cell used or no stem cells were used in the study. A
total of 3900 trials involving stem cells remained. Each clinical trials was examined and classified by a) the year
that the clinical trial was received into the database and b) the stem cell type used, and c) whether the study was
done at a US site. Stem cells were categorized as adult stem cells (ASCs) if they were taken from someone after
birth, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) if they came from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, extrafetal stem cells
(eFSCs) if they came from extrafetal membranes (plancenta, umbilical cord, etc.), fetal proper stem cells (FpSCs)
if they came from the fetus proper, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) if they were give this name in the
clinical trial description, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) if they came from a cancerous origin. Studies using more
than one type of stem cell were counted for both types.
Results and Discussion: Of the 3900 trials, 2269 were conducted at a US site (58%). Within these US-based
trials 89.7% used ASCs making ASCs more prevalent than all other stem cells types combined (Fig 1). 7.1% of
clinical trials used eFSCs making eFSCs more prevalent in clinical trials than all non-adult stem cells types
combined. Cancer stem cells were used in 2.2% of clinical trials, iPSCs in 0.7%, ESCs in 0.1%, and FpSCs in
0.04%. ASC clinical trials were the most prevalent in every single individual year by a wide margin (at least 6x
greater than all other combined). Excluding ASCs, eFSCs were most prevalent every year except 2010 where
CSCs were more prevalent than eFSCs. CSC clinical trials appeared to have a modest increase after 2010 with 7.2
trials/year when no previous year had more than 4 trials. iPSCs appear to be on the rise since 2012 with 3.3
trials/year when no previous year had more than 2 trials. ESCs and FpSCs never had more than 1 trial in a year.
Conclusions: These data suggest that thus far ASCs have had the most success in translating basic research into
clinical trials with eFSCs a distant second. The apparent recent rise in CSC and iPSC clinical trials may represent
promising new avenues for medical treatment. ESCs and FpSCs have not had much success translating into
clinical trials and there is no apparent trend to suggest that they will translate into more clinical trials in the near
future although the reason is not clear from this data. Further work examining trials at non-US locations may be
useful for understanding worldwide trends in stem cell clinical trials.