This study compared embryo quality and fertilization rates between intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using sperm from ejaculates of oligospermic men versus sperm retrieved from the testes of azoospermic men via testicular sperm extraction (TESE). The study found no significant differences in patient characteristics, hormone levels, number of oocytes retrieved, or fertilization rates between the two groups. However, the quality of embryos, as assessed on a 4-point grading scale, was significantly better in the oligospermic group compared to the TESE group, with more grade 1 and 2 embryos in the oligospermic group. The study concluded that while fertilization rates are unaffected by
Pregnancy outcome following swim up preparation of both fresh and cryopreserv...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was designed to assess the impact of swim up preparation of both fresh and cryopreserved sperm on the pregnancy outcome in a private fertility centre in Lagos. A cross-sectional prospective analysis of 34 asthenozoospermic semen samples of men whose wives were undergoing assisted reproduction was studied. The basic semen parameters comprising of the volume, count, and motility of the sperm before and after swim up preparations with pregnancy outcome were measured. For fresh semen (n = 28, mean age = 37.0 ± 1.1 years, mean volume = 2.16 ± 0.1 ml), the sperm count decreased significantly (p<0.01)><0.01)><0.01)><0.01) from 25.1 ± 4.01 to 32.8 ± 6.18%. The pregnancy outcome of cryopreserved was 30%. The pregnancy outcome was higher with fresh than the cryopreserved semen. However, the motility was a significant indicator for the successful outcome. Swim up procedure improve the motility of both cryopreserved and fresh semen with a better pregnancy outcome in this study.
The document discusses factors affecting fertilization using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). It outlines sperm-related factors like abnormal morphology, DNA damage, and methods to select viable immotile sperm. It also discusses oocyte-related factors like abnormal morphology and maturation stages. The document emphasizes that low or no fertilization can occur due to few mature oocytes, oocyte activation failure, or lack of appropriate sperm, but repeated ICSI attempts can achieve fertilization in 85% of cases.
Stem cells and infertility by Dr. GayathiriMorris Jawahar
Stem cells offer potential treatments for many conditions like diabetes, Parkinson's disease and heart disease. Research is focused on better understanding stem cell types like embryonic, adult and induced pluripotent stem cells. Challenges include identifying growth factors, avoiding immune rejection, and safety issues like preventing malignancy. Recent studies show stem cells improving conditions in animal models of diseases like hemophilia and spinal cord injury. Clinical trials are beginning to test stem cell therapies for conditions like ALS. Overall stem cells represent an exciting area of research towards regenerative medicine.
This document discusses intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI), a technique that uses higher magnification than conventional ICSI to select sperm for fertilization. It provides background on sperm morphology and vacuoles, and their relationship to fertility outcomes. Studies comparing IMSI to ICSI are summarized, finding improved outcomes with IMSI, especially in cases of poor semen quality or previous ICSI failure. Guidelines for when IMSI may be beneficial over conventional ICSI are presented.
This randomized controlled trial compared outcomes of 110 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) using a flexible gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol versus 110 patients using a long GnRH agonist down-regulation protocol. The study found no difference in ongoing pregnancy rates between the two groups. However, the incidence of moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was lower and stimulation time and gonadotropin dosage required were both lower in the antagonist group compared to the agonist group. The study concluded that for PCOS patients undergoing IVF, the flexible GnRH antagonist protocol results in similar ongoing pregnancy rates but lower risk
Extending the duration of embryo culture to the blastocyst stage for assisted reproduction offers sev- eral theoretical advantages over the transfer of cleavage-stage embryos. These include 1) a higher implantation rate, 2) the opportunity to select the most viable embryo(s) for transfer
Dr. Sujoy Dasgupta is a reproductive medicine specialist who has extensive training and experience in India and abroad. He lists his qualifications and areas of practice. The document then discusses limitations of the 2010 WHO semen analysis guidelines, significance of sperm DNA fragmentation testing, definitions of mild and severe male factor infertility, and investigations and treatment approaches for various causes of male infertility including varicocele, congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens, cryptorchidism, hormonal abnormalities, and azoospermia. Key advice includes thorough evaluation and evidence-based therapies over long-term use of unproven drugs, and considering sperm retrieval and assisted reproduction rather than assuming donor sperm is the only option.
Pregnancy outcome following swim up preparation of both fresh and cryopreserv...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was designed to assess the impact of swim up preparation of both fresh and cryopreserved sperm on the pregnancy outcome in a private fertility centre in Lagos. A cross-sectional prospective analysis of 34 asthenozoospermic semen samples of men whose wives were undergoing assisted reproduction was studied. The basic semen parameters comprising of the volume, count, and motility of the sperm before and after swim up preparations with pregnancy outcome were measured. For fresh semen (n = 28, mean age = 37.0 ± 1.1 years, mean volume = 2.16 ± 0.1 ml), the sperm count decreased significantly (p<0.01)><0.01)><0.01)><0.01) from 25.1 ± 4.01 to 32.8 ± 6.18%. The pregnancy outcome of cryopreserved was 30%. The pregnancy outcome was higher with fresh than the cryopreserved semen. However, the motility was a significant indicator for the successful outcome. Swim up procedure improve the motility of both cryopreserved and fresh semen with a better pregnancy outcome in this study.
The document discusses factors affecting fertilization using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). It outlines sperm-related factors like abnormal morphology, DNA damage, and methods to select viable immotile sperm. It also discusses oocyte-related factors like abnormal morphology and maturation stages. The document emphasizes that low or no fertilization can occur due to few mature oocytes, oocyte activation failure, or lack of appropriate sperm, but repeated ICSI attempts can achieve fertilization in 85% of cases.
Stem cells and infertility by Dr. GayathiriMorris Jawahar
Stem cells offer potential treatments for many conditions like diabetes, Parkinson's disease and heart disease. Research is focused on better understanding stem cell types like embryonic, adult and induced pluripotent stem cells. Challenges include identifying growth factors, avoiding immune rejection, and safety issues like preventing malignancy. Recent studies show stem cells improving conditions in animal models of diseases like hemophilia and spinal cord injury. Clinical trials are beginning to test stem cell therapies for conditions like ALS. Overall stem cells represent an exciting area of research towards regenerative medicine.
This document discusses intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI), a technique that uses higher magnification than conventional ICSI to select sperm for fertilization. It provides background on sperm morphology and vacuoles, and their relationship to fertility outcomes. Studies comparing IMSI to ICSI are summarized, finding improved outcomes with IMSI, especially in cases of poor semen quality or previous ICSI failure. Guidelines for when IMSI may be beneficial over conventional ICSI are presented.
This randomized controlled trial compared outcomes of 110 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) using a flexible gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol versus 110 patients using a long GnRH agonist down-regulation protocol. The study found no difference in ongoing pregnancy rates between the two groups. However, the incidence of moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was lower and stimulation time and gonadotropin dosage required were both lower in the antagonist group compared to the agonist group. The study concluded that for PCOS patients undergoing IVF, the flexible GnRH antagonist protocol results in similar ongoing pregnancy rates but lower risk
Extending the duration of embryo culture to the blastocyst stage for assisted reproduction offers sev- eral theoretical advantages over the transfer of cleavage-stage embryos. These include 1) a higher implantation rate, 2) the opportunity to select the most viable embryo(s) for transfer
Dr. Sujoy Dasgupta is a reproductive medicine specialist who has extensive training and experience in India and abroad. He lists his qualifications and areas of practice. The document then discusses limitations of the 2010 WHO semen analysis guidelines, significance of sperm DNA fragmentation testing, definitions of mild and severe male factor infertility, and investigations and treatment approaches for various causes of male infertility including varicocele, congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens, cryptorchidism, hormonal abnormalities, and azoospermia. Key advice includes thorough evaluation and evidence-based therapies over long-term use of unproven drugs, and considering sperm retrieval and assisted reproduction rather than assuming donor sperm is the only option.
It was while performing SUZI that a single spermatozoon accidentally penetrated into the oolemma and provided the hint that a direct sperm injection would be more efficient.
1st successful birth by ICSI took place on Jan 14, 1992.
Chromosomal abnormalities, inadequate culture conditions, and suboptimal embryo development are major factors contributing to recurrent implantation failure (RIF) after in vitro fertilization (IVF). While preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) aimed to improve outcomes by selecting chromosomally normal embryos, evidence suggests it does not increase live birth or implantation rates in RIF patients. New techniques like time-lapse imaging, metabolomics, and comprehensive chromosome screening may provide better embryo assessment but require further evaluation. Optimal culture conditions, blastocyst transfer, and assisted hatching in selected cases may help overcome challenges, but the safety and efficacy of emerging treatments should be established through randomized trials before routine use.
This document discusses issues related to treating male infertility in the era of ICSI. It argues that while ICSI provides an effective technique for bypassing sperm dysfunction, solely relying on ICSI and not properly diagnosing and treating the underlying causes of infertility can amount to negligence. The document emphasizes that andrology inputs are still important to address general health issues, infections, obstructions, hypogonadism, and genetic factors that may be contributing to poor sperm production or quality. A complete diagnosis and treatment of the male is important even in the ICSI era to help address underlying pathology and implications for health and inheritance.
Due to everyday changing lifestyle, many couples suffers from infertility issues and as a solution to this stem cells therapy comes up in the front line.Know more in detail about infertility and application of stem cells.
This study aimed to compare the endometrial secretory cytokine profiles between women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and fertile controls. Endometrial fluid was collected from 16 RIF patients and 20 controls using an embryo transfer catheter. Levels of 23 cytokines were measured using luminex technology. Only beta-nerve growth factor (bNGF) showed a significant difference between RIF and controls by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis using partial least squares modeling showed clear separation of the two groups, with 8 cytokines including leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) being lower in RIF patients. This suggests alterations in endometrial secretions may influence implantation success.
Dr. Sujoy Dasgupta is a reproductive medicine specialist who has extensive training and experience in managing male factor infertility. He discusses various cases involving different causes of male infertility such as mild abnormalities, varicocele, genetic issues, ejaculatory disorders, and physical abnormalities. He analyzes the diagnostic workup and treatment strategies for each case, including lifestyle modifications, medical therapy, surgical correction, assisted reproduction techniques, and counseling regarding prognosis.
The document summarizes key milestones and advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART) from the 1970s to present day. Some of the major developments include:
- The first "test tube baby", Louise Brown, was born in 1978 using in vitro fertilization.
- Techniques like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and cryopreservation in the 1980s and 1990s improved fertility treatment options.
- New methods to select embryos with the highest implantation potential include preimplantation genetic screening, metabolomic profiling, and time-lapse imaging to observe development.
- Fertility preservation options for cancer patients now include egg, embryo and ovarian tissue freezing with some successful ovarian transplants reported
Intrauterine insemination versus fallopian tube sperm perfusion in non tubal ...Internet Medical Journal
Background: Controlled ovarian hyper stimulation (COH) combined with intrauterine insemination (IUI), using a volume of 0.5 mail of inseminate is commonly offered to couples with non tubal infertility. Another method is Fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP) which is based on a pressure injection of 4 ml of sperm suspension while attempting to seal the cervix to prevent semen reflux. This technique ensures the presence of higher sperm density in the fallopian tubes at the time of ovulation than standard IUI. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of IUI and FSP in the treatment of infertility.
Methods: 200 consecutive patients with infertility in 404 stimulated cycles were included in the study. Those randomized to standard IUI included 100 patients in 184 cycles [158 Clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin cycles and 26 Letrozole/FSH cycles exclusively for polycystic ovarian disease patients] (group A). Patients subjected to FSP included 100 patients in 220 cycles (193 Clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin cycles and 27 Letrozole/FSH cycles exclusively for polycystic ovarian disease patients] (group B). Swim up semen preparation technique was used in all cases. Insemination was performed in both groups 34-37 hours after hCG administration. Standard IUI was performed using 0.5 ml of inseminate. In FSP 4ml inseminate was used.
Results: In group A (184 IUI cycles in 100 patients), 22 clinical pregnancies (presence of gestational sac with fetal cardiac activity) occurred (11.95% per cycle over four cycles). In group B, (220 cycles of FSP in 100 patients), 48 clinical pregnancies occurred (21.81%per cycle over four cycles) and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: For non-tubal sub fertility, the results indicate clear benefit for FSP (Fallopian tube sperm perfusion) over IUI (Intrauterine insemination).
Key Words: Intrauterine insemination, Fallopian tube sperm perfusion, Non-tubal infertility.
Authors: Dr. Col (Retd) G S Shekhawat, MD(Obst & Gyn) * (Corresponding. Author), Dr Priyanka S, MBBS+
The purpose of this study was to investigate any
influence of maternal and/or paternal age, three sperm
parameters (sperm count/ml, motility and morphology) on
pregnancy outcomes in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
cycles. In all, 785 ICSI cases were analyzed retrospectively.
Pregnancy outcome were influenced by the age of the maternal,
paternal partners and sperm count x10⁶. The clinical pregnancy
rate with respect to the age of female partner and male partner
was revealed a significant inverse correlation between them with
(P = <0.001) for each partner. The relationship between clinical
pregnancy rate and sperm count x10⁶/ml was revealed a
significant difference between the groups (P= 0.046). On the other
hand no basic semen parameters (motility and normal
morphology) influence on ICSI pregnancy outcome was found in
the subgroup of patients. We conclude that the influence on
pregnancy outcome after ICSI is related mostly to maternal and
paternal age.
interest in stem cells is raising in different field of medicine. The question is : is it successful in Gynecology or it is still too early to say that. The present talk may help to explore this .
GnRH Agonist in Endometriosis- An Old Good FriendSujoy Dasgupta
Invited Lecture delivered by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in the "Dream City Meet"- the East Zone Conference of Endometriosis Society of India, held on 24 December 2019 at Durgapur
Live birth by fallopian tube sperm perfusion in hyperprolactinemic woman afte...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
The case presented describes a live birth following treatment of a 35-year-old woman with fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FTSP) using donor sperm after three-repeated unsuccessful courses of In-vitro fertilization (IVF) with Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA), Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE), and donor sperm. The indication of FTSP is hereby explored and discussed.
The document summarizes recent developments in human embryo morphology and genetic testing. It describes the historical discoveries of human oocyte and embryo development from the ancient Egyptians to modern IVF techniques. It also discusses current methods to select the best embryos through morphology assessment, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy and genetic defects, analysis of mitochondrial content, and potential biomarkers in embryo culture media. The future of IVF is moving towards single euploid embryo transfers with comprehensive genetic and mitochondrial analysis to achieve the highest implantation rates.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is critical for physiologic involution of the Mullerian ducts during sexual differentiation in the male foetus.
In women,AMH is a product of the small antral follicles in the ovaries and serves to function as an autocrine and paracrine regulator of follicular maturation
Hatching status before embryo transfer is not correlatd with implantation rat...Joe Lee
This study aimed to determine if the reproductive outcomes differ between fully hatched (FH) blastocysts versus not fully hatched (NFH) blastocysts that have undergone chromosomal screening. The study analyzed 808 IVF cycles involving the transfer of a single euploid blastocyst. Results showed no significant differences in implantation rates, biochemical pregnancy rates, live birth rates or early pregnancy loss rates between FH and NFH blastocysts, whether in fresh or frozen embryo transfer cycles. The findings suggest that FH embryos are not more fragile or less likely to implant compared to NFH embryos.
The document discusses recurrent implantation failure (RIF) after in vitro fertilization (IVF). RIF can be caused by factors related to the embryo, endometrium, or both. Embryo factors include poor egg or sperm quality, genetic abnormalities, or developmental issues. Endometrial factors involve uterine abnormalities, thin lining, altered receptors, or immunological incompatibility. Treatments aim to improve the embryo, such as by changing stimulation protocols, or the endometrium through hysteroscopic surgery, immunotherapy, or adjusting the transfer timing. Testing includes evaluating the embryos, endometrium, cavitary abnormalities, and immunological factors to guide personalized treatment strategies for RIF patients.
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta was invited to deliver a lecture at the Conference of IMA (Indian Medical Association), held at July 2019 in Kolkata. This session was sponsored by Meyer Organic.
The document discusses key success factors for IVF laboratories. It emphasizes the importance of quality control, optimal staffing ratios, concentrating on each sample individually, and staff taking responsibility for correctly following protocols. Other factors discussed include stable culture systems, air quality control, sufficient time per cycle, and teamwork. New technologies that can benefit IVF laboratories are also reviewed, such as time-lapse imaging, vitrification, preimplantation genetic screening, and 'omics' analyses.
This document summarizes a panel discussion on the management of IVF pregnancies conducted by Delhi ISAR, Advance Fertility and Gynaecology Centre, and Madhukar Rainbow Group of Hospitals. The panelists provided expert opinions on topics like the choice of ART treatment, number of embryos to transfer, luteal phase support, anomaly screening, reduction of higher order multiples, antenatal follow-up, prevention of preterm labor, use of antenatal steroids, and delivery timing in twin pregnancies. The document emphasizes that IVF pregnancies require special care and management.
This document summarizes several adjunct techniques used in IVF laboratories including sperm DNA fragmentation testing, advanced sperm selection methods like IMSI and pICSI, embryo selection techniques like time-lapse imaging and PGS, and mitochondrial DNA load measurement. It reviews the current evidence for each technique, noting that while some like TL imaging show promise, the evidence is still limited and inconclusive for many techniques to recommend their routine use to improve IVF outcomes. Larger randomized controlled trials are still needed to prove effectiveness.
Poster on clinical significance of sperm morphology assessment a lekshmiAiswarya Lekshmi
Clinical Significance of Sperm Morphology Assessment
The document discusses the clinical significance of sperm morphology assessment. It notes that sperm morphology is closely correlated with sperm function and fertility outcomes like IVF success. The configuration of the acrosome, which is involved in fertilization, is a good indicator of a sperm's fertilizing ability. Abnormalities in sperm morphology like small acrosomes make sperm more susceptible to cell death. The document also discusses methods for assessing sperm morphology and various abnormalities seen in abnormal sperm.
It was while performing SUZI that a single spermatozoon accidentally penetrated into the oolemma and provided the hint that a direct sperm injection would be more efficient.
1st successful birth by ICSI took place on Jan 14, 1992.
Chromosomal abnormalities, inadequate culture conditions, and suboptimal embryo development are major factors contributing to recurrent implantation failure (RIF) after in vitro fertilization (IVF). While preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) aimed to improve outcomes by selecting chromosomally normal embryos, evidence suggests it does not increase live birth or implantation rates in RIF patients. New techniques like time-lapse imaging, metabolomics, and comprehensive chromosome screening may provide better embryo assessment but require further evaluation. Optimal culture conditions, blastocyst transfer, and assisted hatching in selected cases may help overcome challenges, but the safety and efficacy of emerging treatments should be established through randomized trials before routine use.
This document discusses issues related to treating male infertility in the era of ICSI. It argues that while ICSI provides an effective technique for bypassing sperm dysfunction, solely relying on ICSI and not properly diagnosing and treating the underlying causes of infertility can amount to negligence. The document emphasizes that andrology inputs are still important to address general health issues, infections, obstructions, hypogonadism, and genetic factors that may be contributing to poor sperm production or quality. A complete diagnosis and treatment of the male is important even in the ICSI era to help address underlying pathology and implications for health and inheritance.
Due to everyday changing lifestyle, many couples suffers from infertility issues and as a solution to this stem cells therapy comes up in the front line.Know more in detail about infertility and application of stem cells.
This study aimed to compare the endometrial secretory cytokine profiles between women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and fertile controls. Endometrial fluid was collected from 16 RIF patients and 20 controls using an embryo transfer catheter. Levels of 23 cytokines were measured using luminex technology. Only beta-nerve growth factor (bNGF) showed a significant difference between RIF and controls by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis using partial least squares modeling showed clear separation of the two groups, with 8 cytokines including leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) being lower in RIF patients. This suggests alterations in endometrial secretions may influence implantation success.
Dr. Sujoy Dasgupta is a reproductive medicine specialist who has extensive training and experience in managing male factor infertility. He discusses various cases involving different causes of male infertility such as mild abnormalities, varicocele, genetic issues, ejaculatory disorders, and physical abnormalities. He analyzes the diagnostic workup and treatment strategies for each case, including lifestyle modifications, medical therapy, surgical correction, assisted reproduction techniques, and counseling regarding prognosis.
The document summarizes key milestones and advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART) from the 1970s to present day. Some of the major developments include:
- The first "test tube baby", Louise Brown, was born in 1978 using in vitro fertilization.
- Techniques like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and cryopreservation in the 1980s and 1990s improved fertility treatment options.
- New methods to select embryos with the highest implantation potential include preimplantation genetic screening, metabolomic profiling, and time-lapse imaging to observe development.
- Fertility preservation options for cancer patients now include egg, embryo and ovarian tissue freezing with some successful ovarian transplants reported
Intrauterine insemination versus fallopian tube sperm perfusion in non tubal ...Internet Medical Journal
Background: Controlled ovarian hyper stimulation (COH) combined with intrauterine insemination (IUI), using a volume of 0.5 mail of inseminate is commonly offered to couples with non tubal infertility. Another method is Fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP) which is based on a pressure injection of 4 ml of sperm suspension while attempting to seal the cervix to prevent semen reflux. This technique ensures the presence of higher sperm density in the fallopian tubes at the time of ovulation than standard IUI. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of IUI and FSP in the treatment of infertility.
Methods: 200 consecutive patients with infertility in 404 stimulated cycles were included in the study. Those randomized to standard IUI included 100 patients in 184 cycles [158 Clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin cycles and 26 Letrozole/FSH cycles exclusively for polycystic ovarian disease patients] (group A). Patients subjected to FSP included 100 patients in 220 cycles (193 Clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin cycles and 27 Letrozole/FSH cycles exclusively for polycystic ovarian disease patients] (group B). Swim up semen preparation technique was used in all cases. Insemination was performed in both groups 34-37 hours after hCG administration. Standard IUI was performed using 0.5 ml of inseminate. In FSP 4ml inseminate was used.
Results: In group A (184 IUI cycles in 100 patients), 22 clinical pregnancies (presence of gestational sac with fetal cardiac activity) occurred (11.95% per cycle over four cycles). In group B, (220 cycles of FSP in 100 patients), 48 clinical pregnancies occurred (21.81%per cycle over four cycles) and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: For non-tubal sub fertility, the results indicate clear benefit for FSP (Fallopian tube sperm perfusion) over IUI (Intrauterine insemination).
Key Words: Intrauterine insemination, Fallopian tube sperm perfusion, Non-tubal infertility.
Authors: Dr. Col (Retd) G S Shekhawat, MD(Obst & Gyn) * (Corresponding. Author), Dr Priyanka S, MBBS+
The purpose of this study was to investigate any
influence of maternal and/or paternal age, three sperm
parameters (sperm count/ml, motility and morphology) on
pregnancy outcomes in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
cycles. In all, 785 ICSI cases were analyzed retrospectively.
Pregnancy outcome were influenced by the age of the maternal,
paternal partners and sperm count x10⁶. The clinical pregnancy
rate with respect to the age of female partner and male partner
was revealed a significant inverse correlation between them with
(P = <0.001) for each partner. The relationship between clinical
pregnancy rate and sperm count x10⁶/ml was revealed a
significant difference between the groups (P= 0.046). On the other
hand no basic semen parameters (motility and normal
morphology) influence on ICSI pregnancy outcome was found in
the subgroup of patients. We conclude that the influence on
pregnancy outcome after ICSI is related mostly to maternal and
paternal age.
interest in stem cells is raising in different field of medicine. The question is : is it successful in Gynecology or it is still too early to say that. The present talk may help to explore this .
GnRH Agonist in Endometriosis- An Old Good FriendSujoy Dasgupta
Invited Lecture delivered by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in the "Dream City Meet"- the East Zone Conference of Endometriosis Society of India, held on 24 December 2019 at Durgapur
Live birth by fallopian tube sperm perfusion in hyperprolactinemic woman afte...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
The case presented describes a live birth following treatment of a 35-year-old woman with fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FTSP) using donor sperm after three-repeated unsuccessful courses of In-vitro fertilization (IVF) with Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA), Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE), and donor sperm. The indication of FTSP is hereby explored and discussed.
The document summarizes recent developments in human embryo morphology and genetic testing. It describes the historical discoveries of human oocyte and embryo development from the ancient Egyptians to modern IVF techniques. It also discusses current methods to select the best embryos through morphology assessment, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy and genetic defects, analysis of mitochondrial content, and potential biomarkers in embryo culture media. The future of IVF is moving towards single euploid embryo transfers with comprehensive genetic and mitochondrial analysis to achieve the highest implantation rates.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is critical for physiologic involution of the Mullerian ducts during sexual differentiation in the male foetus.
In women,AMH is a product of the small antral follicles in the ovaries and serves to function as an autocrine and paracrine regulator of follicular maturation
Hatching status before embryo transfer is not correlatd with implantation rat...Joe Lee
This study aimed to determine if the reproductive outcomes differ between fully hatched (FH) blastocysts versus not fully hatched (NFH) blastocysts that have undergone chromosomal screening. The study analyzed 808 IVF cycles involving the transfer of a single euploid blastocyst. Results showed no significant differences in implantation rates, biochemical pregnancy rates, live birth rates or early pregnancy loss rates between FH and NFH blastocysts, whether in fresh or frozen embryo transfer cycles. The findings suggest that FH embryos are not more fragile or less likely to implant compared to NFH embryos.
The document discusses recurrent implantation failure (RIF) after in vitro fertilization (IVF). RIF can be caused by factors related to the embryo, endometrium, or both. Embryo factors include poor egg or sperm quality, genetic abnormalities, or developmental issues. Endometrial factors involve uterine abnormalities, thin lining, altered receptors, or immunological incompatibility. Treatments aim to improve the embryo, such as by changing stimulation protocols, or the endometrium through hysteroscopic surgery, immunotherapy, or adjusting the transfer timing. Testing includes evaluating the embryos, endometrium, cavitary abnormalities, and immunological factors to guide personalized treatment strategies for RIF patients.
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta was invited to deliver a lecture at the Conference of IMA (Indian Medical Association), held at July 2019 in Kolkata. This session was sponsored by Meyer Organic.
The document discusses key success factors for IVF laboratories. It emphasizes the importance of quality control, optimal staffing ratios, concentrating on each sample individually, and staff taking responsibility for correctly following protocols. Other factors discussed include stable culture systems, air quality control, sufficient time per cycle, and teamwork. New technologies that can benefit IVF laboratories are also reviewed, such as time-lapse imaging, vitrification, preimplantation genetic screening, and 'omics' analyses.
This document summarizes a panel discussion on the management of IVF pregnancies conducted by Delhi ISAR, Advance Fertility and Gynaecology Centre, and Madhukar Rainbow Group of Hospitals. The panelists provided expert opinions on topics like the choice of ART treatment, number of embryos to transfer, luteal phase support, anomaly screening, reduction of higher order multiples, antenatal follow-up, prevention of preterm labor, use of antenatal steroids, and delivery timing in twin pregnancies. The document emphasizes that IVF pregnancies require special care and management.
This document summarizes several adjunct techniques used in IVF laboratories including sperm DNA fragmentation testing, advanced sperm selection methods like IMSI and pICSI, embryo selection techniques like time-lapse imaging and PGS, and mitochondrial DNA load measurement. It reviews the current evidence for each technique, noting that while some like TL imaging show promise, the evidence is still limited and inconclusive for many techniques to recommend their routine use to improve IVF outcomes. Larger randomized controlled trials are still needed to prove effectiveness.
Poster on clinical significance of sperm morphology assessment a lekshmiAiswarya Lekshmi
Clinical Significance of Sperm Morphology Assessment
The document discusses the clinical significance of sperm morphology assessment. It notes that sperm morphology is closely correlated with sperm function and fertility outcomes like IVF success. The configuration of the acrosome, which is involved in fertilization, is a good indicator of a sperm's fertilizing ability. Abnormalities in sperm morphology like small acrosomes make sperm more susceptible to cell death. The document also discusses methods for assessing sperm morphology and various abnormalities seen in abnormal sperm.
This study compared pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients who underwent single embryo transfer where the embryo was selected based on (1) morphology alone or (2) morphology assessed with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two selection methods. The clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the group where aCGH was used in addition to morphology to select the embryo. No twin pregnancies occurred. The results suggest that aCGH may improve pregnancy outcomes compared to morphology alone by detecting chromosomal abnormalities.
The document compares euploidy rates between blastomere biopsies on day 3 embryos and trophectoderm biopsies on day 5-7 blastocysts. Of the 1603 embryos biopsied, 31% were euploid, 62% were aneuploid, and 7% were unanalyzable. A significantly higher proportion of embryos were euploid with trophectoderm biopsy on day 5-7 (42%) compared to blastomere biopsy on day 3 (24%). Combining blastocyst culture, trophectoderm biopsy, and aneuploidy screening using aCGH provides a more efficient means of achieving euploid pregnancies in IVF.
This document summarizes a study comparing the effectiveness of intrauterine insemination (IUI) versus fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP) for treating non-tubal infertility. The study included 200 patients undergoing a total of 404 stimulated cycles. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard IUI using 0.5 ml of sperm (184 cycles) or FSP using 4 ml of sperm injected into the fallopian tubes (220 cycles). The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the FSP group at 21.81% per cycle compared to 11.95% for the IUI group. The authors conclude FSP is more effective than standard IUI for treating non-tubal infertility.
Purpose: To review the Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) with and without microscopy on patients with Klinefelter Syndrome (KS).
Method: A literature search was conducted for studies comparing TESE and mTESE efficacy for men with KS. The efficacy was measured by using the SRR and PR following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). The studies used were divided into two groups: large studies with 40 or more patients, and small studies with fewer than 40 patients.
The document discusses in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. It explains that IVF involves extracting a woman's eggs and fertilizing them with a man's sperm in a lab. The fertilized embryos are then implanted in the woman's uterus. The document outlines the IVF process, including ovulation induction, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo culture, and embryo transfer. It also discusses evaluating couples for infertility treatment and assessing male fertility through semen analysis.
The document discusses the increased and controversial use of ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) for non-male factor infertility. While ICSI was originally intended for cases of male factor infertility, it is now used in 65-76% of IVF cycles in Europe and the US, often without clear evidence of benefit over conventional IVF. The document reviews several studies finding ICSI does not improve outcomes over IVF for non-male factors like unexplained infertility, low ovarian reserve, or advanced maternal age. ICSI is also not justified when there is no history of fertilization failure, and may actually decrease couples' chances of pregnancy by preventing around 25,000 pregnancies per year. The risks and additional costs of
This randomized controlled trial compared outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) when comprehensive chromosome screening (CCS) of blastocysts was used versus the standard of care. They found that using CCS resulted in significantly higher sustained implantation rates (66.4% vs 47.9%) and delivery rates per cycle (84.7% vs 67.5%) compared to the control group. CCS improved IVF outcomes by enabling selection of euploid embryos for transfer, leading to meaningful increases in the likelihood of successful implantation and delivery.
This randomized controlled trial tested whether performing blastocyst biopsy with comprehensive chromosome screening (CCS) improves in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes compared to routine care. They found:
1) Sustained implantation rates (probability of embryo implanting and resulting in delivery) and delivery rates per cycle were significantly higher in the CCS group compared to the routine care group.
2) In the CCS group, 61 of 72 treatment cycles led to delivery (84.7%) compared to 56 of 83 (67.5%) in the routine care group.
3) Use of CCS with blastocyst biopsy and rapid quantitative PCR-based screening resulted in statistically significantly improved IVF outcomes, with
Indivisualization of Ovulation Induction - Dr Dhorepatil BharatiBharati Dhorepatil
IVF started to develop fast with the aim of maximizing pregnancy rates per cycle
Higher number of oocytes and thus more embryos
Use of unphysiological high doses of gonadotropins
Time consuming protocols
Higher costs
Patient discomfort
Higher risk of OHSS
Very high risk of multiple gestation
This document discusses innovations and breakthroughs in in vitro fertilization (IVF). It covers the following topics in 3 sentences or less:
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Dr Sujoy Dasgupta was invited to deliver a lecture on "Male Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond" on 3 February in Yuvacon 2024 organized by the Bengal Obstetric and Gynaecological Society (BOGS). The session was supported by UNS.
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Assessment and preparation of infertile couples before icsiAhmed Mowafy
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2. The recovery rates of oocytes and mature oocytes per follicle were lower in the PCOS group.
3. Pregnancy rates were comparable between the two groups despite differences in ovarian response and embryo quality.
Preimplantation genetic screening (pgs) current ppt鋒博 蔡
This document summarizes preimplantation genetic testing techniques used to screen embryos for genetic disorders prior to implantation. It discusses the current status and future prospects of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and preimplantation genetic screening (PGS). PGD determines an embryo's genotype to test for specific genetic disorders, while PGS assesses the embryo's chromosome number (karyotype) to screen for chromosomal abnormalities. The document outlines several techniques used for PGD and PGS, including multiplex PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and whole genome amplification from single cells. It provides examples of how these techniques are applied to test for conditions like spinal muscular atrophy, sickle cell an
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This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
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These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
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Icsi cycle with a sperm from tese versus from ejaculate in oligospermic men
1. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.2, No.3, 2012
ICSI Cycle with a Sperm from TESE versus From Ejaculate in
Oligospermic Men
Hassan S.O. Abduljabbar Ohoud Al-Shamrani Osama Bajouh
King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80215 Jeddah 21452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel: +966 2 6533333
Ext. 1336. Fax: +966 2 6526381. *E-mail: profaj17@yahoo.com.
Abstract
Objective: The aim of our study to compare the quality of embryos and fertilization rates in (ICSI) cycles using
sperm from ejaculates of (oligospermic), and sperm of azospermic patients using (TESE).
Methods and Subject: Retrospective study, conducted (the IVF Unit) at KAUH, all male patients under went
ICSI cycle from June 2011 until January 2012. Total number of ICSI cycle was 184 but only 53 male (27 with
azospermia sperm obtained by TESE and 26 with oligospermia) were eligible for analysis by using inclusion and
exclusion criteria. The medical record of the wives of male patients reviewed and information was obtained from
the file . Number of Oocyte, and number of embryos transfer and quality of embryo recorded. Main Outcome
Measure Quality of Embryo, Fertilization rates.
Result(s): 184 ICSI only 53 were eligible for analysis, divided into two group according to the orgain of the
sperm Group 1 (27) had TESE and Group 2 (26) gave sperm by masturbation but their semen parameters count
≤5×106/ml and ≤10% progressive motility. When compare the number of the embryo with the quality of grade
(from 1 to 4) in both groups we found , the frequency of good quality embryo grade 1,2, were more in the
oligospermic group than TESE and that was statistically significant with P value 0.001.
Conclusion: The fertilization rates are not affected by the source of the sperm but the quality of embryos are
Better with sperm retrieved from the ejaculate when compare with sperm from TESE.
Key Words: ICSI, Azospermia, TESE
Introduction:
Male with azospermia used to be tagged as a” sterile ” until 1985 when first pregnancy achieved using assisted
reproductive techniques following epididymal sperm aspiration in a man who had previously undergone a
vasectomy. Severely oligospermic male with sperm count ( <5 × 106/mL ) significantly reduced chance of
fertilization. Male factor fertility improved dramatically by introduction of Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
(ICSI) when the first pregnancies and live births reported in 1992. Testicular failure affects approximately 1% of
the male population. Today the recognized indications for treatment by ICSI include severe deficits in semen
quality, obstructive azospermia, non-obstructive azospermia and it should be considered for couples in whom a
previous in vitro fertilization treatment cycle has resulted in failed or very poor fertilization.1
The aim of our study to compare the Quality of embryos and fertilization rates in Intracytoplasmic sperm
injection (ICSI) cycles using sperm from ejaculates of abnormal semen (oligospermic), and sperm of obstructive
and non-obstructive azospermia patients using (TESE).
Methods and Subjects:
The study is a Retrospective study, conducted in the IVF Unit at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, all male patients under went ICSI cycle from June 2011 until January 2012. Total
number of ICSI cycle was 184 but only 53 male (27 with azospermia sperm obtained by TESE 26 with
oligospermia) were eligible for analysis. The study was approved by the ethical committee; there were no
conflicts of interest.
Inclusion criteria all ICSI cycle done for male with semen parameters count ≤5×106/ml and ≤ 10% progressive
motility or with azospermia, sperm obtained by TESE. Exclusion criteria if done for male had more than
5×106/ml and more than 10% progressive motility. Azospermia no sperm could be obtained by TESE or if ICSI
done for other induction.
The medical record of the wives of male patients reviewed and information was obtained from the file was age,
weight, height, wither it is a primary or secondary infertility, hormonal profile including (TSH, FSH, LH, and
PROLACTIN. The ESTRDIOL level before the HCG was measured; number of Oocyte, and number of embryos
transfer and quality of embryo was recorded. Intervention(s): ICSI, testicular biopsy. Main Outcome Measure(s):
Quality of Embryo and Fertilization rates.
For the last few years, we adopted GnRH antagonist protocol for ovarian stimulation and it was used for all our
patients “Gonal F (150–225 IU/day) with GnRH antagonist 0.25 IU subcutaneous form day 6. Monitoring using
serum oestradiol concentrations and ultrasound examination, ovulation was triggered using 10000 IU human
25
2. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.2, No.3, 2012
chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) “Oocyte retrieval was performed 36 h after HCG administration under
transvaginal ultrasound-guided puncture of the follicles, then ICSI procedure was done in the usual fashion.
Fertilization was considered normal when two clearly distinct pronuclei were present. Further embryonic
development was assessed 24 h later. The embryos were classified according to the following morphological
criteria.
The four level grading system for multi-cell embryos is evaluated in the following way2:
•Grade 1: even cell division, little to no visible fragmentation
•Grade 2: even cell division, small fragmentation (less than 20%)
•Grade 3: uneven cell division, moderate fragmentation (more than 30%)
•Grade 4: uneven cell division, excessive fragmentation (more than 50%)
According to the number of good morphological quality embryos and the age of the patient, up to three embryos
(in most instances only two) were replaced into the uterine cavity approximately 70 h after the micro-injection
procedures.
Statistical Analysis:
Data entry and analyses were undertaken using the computer software Statistical Package for Social Sciences 15
(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL.,USA) version 2006. The quality of the entry process was checked by reentering a
random sample of 10% of the cases, and running frequencies to check for extreme values. In the analysis,
appropriate frequencies were generated. The variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test, independent
sample T test. And p-values of less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results:
The Number of ICSI were 184 cases only 53 were eligible for our analysis, The 53 male who have ICSI Cycle
was divided into two group according to the orgain of the sperm group 1 had TESE and Group 2 gave sperm by
masturbation but their semen parameters count ≤5×106/ml and ≤10% progressive motility.
When we compare the age in years, weight in kg and height in cm in the two groups there were no statistically
significant difference (Table 1).
(Table2) showing the Comparison between the two groups in term of hormonal profile, TSH, FSH, LH, Prolactin
and Estradiol, there were No statistically significant deference.
(Table 3) showing the mean number of Oocyte retrieved and the mean number of embryos transferred and there
were no statistically significant difference in both groups. There was nosignificant difference in the fertilization
rates amoung two groups.
The total number of embryos was 83, the number of embryo transferred were 1 to 2 embryos per patients. When
we compare the number of the embryo with respect of the quality of grade ( from 1 to 4 ) in both groups we
found that, the frequency of good quality embryo grade 1,2, were more in the oligospermic group than TESE and
that was statistically significant with P value 0.001. Table 4 showing the grade of embryo in each group.
Discussion:
Does the source of the sperm affect the fertilization rate and the quality of the embryo? There are some data to
support that the sperm from testis or epididymal have decreased fertilities potential after ICSI3. But also indicate
that the sperm quality is important and this would affect the fertilization rate, embryo development and
pregnancy rate. If good quality sperm is used and embryo transfer with high quality the viability of ICSI
embryos is nearly equal regardless of the source of sperm used.3 In our study the fertilization rate was the same
regardless of the source of the sperm.
Several publication emphasis that the source of sperm in cases of ICSI has nothing to do with embryo
development and pregnancy rate but sperm defect that what affect the fertilization rate embryo development and
pregnancy rates. With significantly lower when testicular spermatozoa from TESE are used because the sperm
usually are more defective.4
One study show that Testicular spermatozoa recovered from patients with obstructive and all types of non-
obstructive azospermia were as much as effective as ejaculated spermatozoa in ICSI cycle.5
The fertilizing ability of sperm in ICSI is highest with ejaculated sperm and lowest with sperm extracted by
testicular biopsy. Also, the clinical PRs are significantly lower in ICSI with sperm from testicular biopsy.
However, the outcomes of pregnancies are not affected by using surgically retrieved sperm from ejaculated
semen.6
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection in combination with PESA and TESE is an effective method and can
successfully be performed to treat men with azospermia. The outcomes with these procedures are comparable to
ICSI using ejaculated sperm.7
26
3. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.2, No.3, 2012
It has been shown that paternal factors and/or performing ICSI in cases of severe male factor infertility may have
a detrimental effect on blastocyst development and their quality.8 In our study we found the quality of embryo
were better if the sperm taken from ejaculate of oligospermic male than from TESE.
Conclusion:
The fertilization rate are not affected by the source of the sperm but the quality of embryo are better with sperm
retrieved from the ejaculate when compare with sperm from TESE. This study has limitation due to small
number and Larger study would be necessary to find a definitive answer as to whether sperm source affect the
quality of embryo which affect the fertilization rate and subsequently pregnancy rate.
References:
Friedler S, Raziel A, Strassburger D, Schachter M, Soffer Y, Ron-El R. Factors influencing the outcome of ICSI
in patients with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia: a comparative study. Hum Reprod. 2002;17:3114–
21.
Dafopoulos K, Griesinger G, Schultze-Mosgau A, Orief Y, Schöpper B, Nikolettos N, Factors affecting outcome
after ICSI with spermatozoa retrieved from cryopreserved testicular tissue in non-obstructive azoospermia.2005
Apr;10(4):455-60.
Yue-hong L, Hui-juan G,Bai-jia L, Ying-ming Z, Ying-hui Y, Yu-li Q, Chen-ming X, Different sperm sources
and parameters can influence intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes before embryo implantation. Zhejiang
Univ Sci B. 2012; 13(1): 1–10.
Verza S Jr, Esteves SC. Sperm defect severity rather than sperm Source is associated with lower fertilization
rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Int Braz J Urol. 2008 ;34(1):49-56.
Bukulmez O, Yucel A, Yarali H, Bildirici I, Gurgan T. The origin of spermatozoa does not affect
intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001;94(2):250–255.
Göker EN, Sendag F, Levi R, Sendag H, Tavmergen E. Comparison of the ICSI outcome of ejaculated sperm
with normal, abnormal parameters and testicular sperm. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002;104(2):129–
136.
Naru T, Sulaiman MN, Kidwai A, Ather MH, Waqar S, Virk S, Rizvi JH. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
outcome using ejaculated sperm and retrieved sperm in azoospermic men. Urol J. 2008;5(2):106–110
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development in vitro. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(5):918–924.
Table 1
Comparison of Age, Weight And Height Between The Two Groups
N Mean Std. Deviation P
Age years
1=TESA 26 32.77 5.24 0.9
2=OLIGOS 25 33.32 5.21
Weight kg
1=TESA 27 73.00 13.24 0.2
2=OLIGOS 26 71.57 17.24
Height cm
1=TESA 27 157.63 5.05 0.3
2=OLIGOS 26 159.46 6.35
TESA = Testicular Sperm Extraction
OLIGOS = Oligospermia
27
4. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.2, No.3, 2012
Table 2
The Mean of Hormone Level In The Two Groups
N Mean Std. Deviation P
TSH
1=TESA 12 2.73 1.48 0.539
2=OLIGOS 22 2.12 1.31
FSH
1=TESA 19 5.11 1.65 0.040
2=OLIGOS 21 6.10 4.88
LH
1=TESA 19 7.79 6.51 0.363
2=OLIGOS 21 9.44 11.25
Estradiol
1=TESA 24 4727.13 2182.28 0.773
2=OLIGOS 23 4433.22 2232.85
Prolactin
1=TESA 16 371.88 178.50 0.127
2=OLIGOS 22 430.53 280.09
TSH = Thyroid stimulation hormone
FSH = Follicular stimulation hormone
LH = Luteinizing hormone
Table 3
The Mean of Number of the Oocyte and Embryos Transfer and the Fertilization Rate
N Mean Std. Deviation P
Oocyte
1=TESA 27 3.19 2.79 0.207
2=OLIGOS 26 4.42 2.44
ET
1=TESA 27 1.22 1.39 0.557
2=OLIGOS 26 2.04 1.34
F.Rate
1=TESA 27 27.0 31.54 0.167
2=OLIGOS 26 41.0 25.55
N = Number of Cycle
Mean = Mean of Total Number of Oocyte Retrieved from Right Ovary
Mean = Mean of Embryo Transfer
ET = Embryo Transfer
F.Rate = Fertilization Rate
28
5. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
Vol.2, No.3, 2012
Table 4
Comparison of the frequency of grades of embryo transferred between the two groups
Quality ( 1 - 4 ) N No Embryo 1 Embryo 2 Embryo P
Grade 1
1=TESA 27 22 5 0 0.001
2=OLIGOS 26 5 19 2
Grade 2
1=TESA 27 18 8 1 0.02
2=OLIGOS 26 9 14 3
Grade 3
1=TESA 27 16 11 0 0.04
2=OLIGOS 26 17 9 0
Grade 4
1=TESA 27 20 7 0 0.02
2=OLIGOS 26 25 1 0
29
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