This document discusses different types of measurement scales used in research including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Nominal scales assign categories with no numerical difference between them. Ordinal scales order categories but do not specify numerical distance. Interval scales have equal numerical distance between values but no absolute zero. Ratio scales have all the qualities of the previous scales plus an absolute zero point. Measurement scales are important for categorizing and quantifying variables in research and other applications such as market transactions.

1. TYPES OF SCALES
Pioneer Institute of Professional Studies
Submitted to:
Prof. Shweta Mogre
Submitted by:
Ms. Nikita Agrawal B.Sc. (CS )IV Sem

2. Content
 Introduction
 Measurement Scales
 Types of Scales
 Nominal Scale
 Ordinal Scale
 Interval Scale
 Ratio Scale
 Example
 Some other types of Scales
 Importance of Measurement Scales

3. Introduction
 Measurement :-
The term ‘measurement’ means assigning numbers or some other
symbols to the characteristics of certain objects.
 Scaling :-
Scaling is a process of measuring.

4. Measurement scales
Measurement scales are used to categorize and/or quantify variables.

5. Types of Measurement Scale

6. Nominal Scale
Examples
 Gender
 Marital status
 State of residence
 Assign responses to different categories
 No numerical difference between categories

7. Ordinal Scale
Examples
 Miss America Results
 Military rank
 Class rank
Set of categories that are ordered according to preference or ranking.
Don’t know numerical distance from each category to the next.

8. Interval Scale
Examples
 How appealing is the cereal box to children?
 Current temperature
 IQ
Scale with values, and there is the same numerical distance between each
value.
 This scale has no absolute zero and multiples of measures are not
meaningful.

9. Ratio Scale
Examples
 Weight
 Sales figures
 Quantity purchased
 Highest and more informative scale
 Contains the qualities of the nominal, ordinal and interval scales with the
addition of an absolute zero point.

10. Example

11. Some other types of Scales
 Self Rating Scale
1. Graphic Rating Scale
2. Itemized Rating Scale
 Likert Scale
 Thurstone Scale
 Staple’s Scale
 Guttman Scale

12. Importance of Measurement Scale
 Measurement is the basics need in any research work in science.
 Exact, careful and precise work of measurement leads to the discovery of very
important laws.
 Measurement plays an important role in the market. Preparation of bills, money
transaction related to it etc. cannot be completed without measurement.
 The quality of measurement depends upon the instrument used for the purpose.