Retail involves the sale of goods and services from businesses and individuals to end users. Retailers purchase products in large quantities from manufacturers and then sell smaller quantities to consumers for a profit. Retailing can occur in fixed locations like stores or markets, through door-to-door sales, or delivery. There are many types of retailers including independent stores, chains, franchises, cooperatives, convenience stores, supermarkets, department stores, discount stores, catalog/telephone retailers, vending machines, and e-retailers. Retail formats range from small mom-and-pop shops to large hypermarkets.

2.  Retail is the sale of goods and services from
individuals or businesses to the end-user.
Retailers are part of an integrated system called
the supply chain. A retailer purchases goods or
products in large quantities from manufacturers
directly or through a wholesale, and then sells
smaller quantities to the consumer for a profit.
Retailing can be done in either fixed locations
like stores or markets, door-to-door or by
delivery.

3.  Independent
 Chain
 Franchising
 Co-operative

4.  Convenience Store
 Conventional Supermarket
 Super Store
 Combination Store/Hyper Market
 Specialty Store
 Traditional Department Store
 Off price Retailing
 Factory outlet
 Mom-and-pop Stores
 Kiosks
 Discount Stores

5.  Telephone Retailing
 Catalog Retailing
 Vending Machines
 Membership Club
 Street Vendors
 Direct Selling
 E-Retailing

6.  An independent retail shop must meet the
following criteria:
 the business is run by an individual,
partnership or a proprietary company (does
not include a public company or a related
corporation)
 the number of people engaged at any one
time in the shop including the owner is not
over 20
 the number of people engaged by the owner
of the business in all shops throughout the
State is not more than 60 at any one time.

7. Chain stores are retail outlets that share a
brand and central management, and usually
have standardized business methods and
practices.

8.  Franchising is the practice of using another
firm's successful business model
 Essentially, and in terms of distribution, the
franchisor is a supplier who allows an operator,
or a franchisee, to use the supplier's trademark
and distribute the supplier's goods. In return,
the operator pays the supplier a fee.

9.  an organization for the collective purchase
and sale of goods by a group who share
profits or benefits. Retail cooperatives were
the first offshoot of the cooperative
movement and profits were originally shared
among members through dividend payments
proportionate to a member's purchases.

10.  A convenience store, corner store, corner
shop, or bodega is a small store that stocks a
range of everyday items such as groceries,
toiletries, alcoholic and soft drinks, tobacco
products, and news papers services. They
differ from general stores and village shops
in that they are not in a rural location and
are used as a convenient supplement to
larger stores.

11.  A large, self-service, retail food store (up to 30,000
square feet), with moderate pricing and selection,
and annual sales in the $2 to $8 million range.
Usually includes a meat, produce, dairy, and
grocery department

12.  A supermarket, a large form of the
traditional grocery store, is a self-service
shop offering a wide variety of food and
household products, organized into aisles. It
is larger in size and has a wider selection
than a traditional grocery store, but is
smaller and more limited in the range of
merchandise than a hypermarket or big-box
market.

13.  In commerce, a
hypermarket is a
superstore combining a
supermarket and a
department store. The
result is an expansive
retail facility carrying a
wide range of products
under one roof,
including full groceries
lines and general
merchandise. In theory,
hypermarkets allow
customers to satisfy all
their routine shopping
needs in one trip.


14.  Specialty stores are small stores which
specialize in a specific range of merchandise
and related items. The pricing policy is
generally in the medium to high range,
depending on factors like the type and
exclusivity of merchandise and ownership.

15.  Is a large retail unit with an extensive
assortment of goods and services that are
organized into separate departments for
purposes of buying, promotion, service and
control.
 Has a great selection of general
merchandise and is often the anchor store in
a shopping center or district, and is usually
part of a chain.
 Pricing is moderate to above average, service
levels are medium to high.

16.  Is a manufacturer owned store selling
manufacturer closeouts, discontinued
merchandise, irregulars, cancelled orders
and sometimes in season first quality
merchandise

17.  These are small family-owned businesses,
which sell a small collection of goods to the
customers. They are individually run and
cater to small sections of the society. These
stores are known for their high standards of
customer service.

18.  Kiosks are box-like shops, which sell small
and inexpensive items like cigarettes,
toffees, newspapers and magazines, water
packets and sometimes, tea and coffee.
These are most commonly found on every
street in a city, and cater primarily to local
residents.

19.  A discount store is a type of
department store, which
sells products at prices lower
than those asked by
traditional retail outlets.
Most discount department
stores offer a wide
assortment of goods; others
specialize in such
merchandise as jewelry,
electronic equipment, or
electrical appliances.

20.  Telemarketing refers to a sales person
initiating contact with a shopper and closing
a sale over the telephone.
 Many product that can be bought without
being seen are sold over the telephone. Eg:
pest control devices, magazine subscriptions,
credit cards etc.

21.  A catalog merchant (catalogue merchant in
British. Unlike a self-serve retail store, most
of the items are not displayed; customers
select the products from printed catalogs in
the store and fill out an order form. The
order is brought to the sales counter, where
a clerk retrieves the items from the
warehouse area to a payment and checkout
station.

22.  A vending machine is a machine which
dispenses items such as snacks, beverages,
alcohol, cigarettes, lottery tickets, cologne,
consumer products and even gold and gems
to customers automatically, after the
customer inserts currency or credit into the
machine.

23.  Off-price companies serve a special niche in
the retail industry, capitalizing on volatility
in consumer demand and mistakes made by
designers and full-price retail outlets to keep
their stores stocked with new low-price
products.

24.  appeals to price conscious customers who
must be members to shop here. It is
positioned between wholesaling and
retailing.
Members pay a nominal membership fee and
buy at wholesale prices.

25.  Street vendors, or hawkers who sell goods on
the streets, are quite popular in India.
Through shouting out their wares, they draw
the attention of customers. Street vendors
are found in almost every city in India, and
the business capital of Mumbai has a number
of shopping areas comprised solely of street
vendors. These hawkers sell not just clothes
and accessories, but also local food.

26.  Direct selling is the marketing and selling of
products directly to consumers away from a
fixed retail location. Peddling is the oldest
form of direct selling. Modern direct selling
includes sales made through the one-on-one
demonstrations, and other personal contact
arrangements as well as internet sales.

27.  The sale of goods and services through the
Internet. Electronic retailing, or e-tailing,
can include business-to-business and
business-to-consumer sales. E-tailing revenue
can come from the sale of products and
services, through subscriptions to website
content, or through advertising.

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