types of data and levels of measurement in Statistics

1. Types of Data
and
Levels of
Measurement
Ruel D. Licanto

2. Learning
Goals
BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY DATA
AS QUALITATIVE OR
QUANTITATIVE, TO IDENTIFY
QUANTITATIVE DATA AS
DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS,
AND TO ASSIGN DATA A
LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT
(NOMINAL, ORDINAL,
INTERVAL, OR RATIO).

3. Types of Data
Qualitative (or categorical) data
consist of values that can be
nonnumerical categories.
Quantitative data (numerical)
consist of values representing
measurements.
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4. Classify each of the
following sets of Data as
qualitative or quantitative.
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1. Brand name of shoes in a
customer survey.
2. Scores on a Multiple Choice
Exam.
3. Height of Grade 11 ABM students.
4. Ethnicity of Grade 11 students of
INHS.

5. Meet our team
Takuma Hayashi
President
Mirjam Nilsson
Chief Executive Officer
Flora Berggren
Chief Operations Officer
Rajesh Santoshi
VP Marketing
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6. Types of Data
Nominal Data are data that is
used to label variables without
quantitative values
Examples:
Color of your hair,
cream, gender, religion, etc.
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7. Types of Data
Ordinal Data is a statistical type
of quantitative data in which
naturally occurring ordered
Examples:
Socio-economic status,
Educational attainment,
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8. Types of Data
Discrete Data is a type of quantitative
data that includes non-divisible figures
you can count.
Examples:
Population of ABM students,
students who came late everyday,
buildings in INHS.
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9. Types of Data
Continuous Data are data that can take
on any value in a given interval.
Examples:
Height of ABM students from
to December, Room temperature from
5:00 PM, Speed of a bus from Isulan to
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10. Presentation title
Takuma Hayashi
President
Mirjam Nilsson
Chief Executive Officer
Flora Berggren
Chief Operations Officer
Rajesh Santoshi
VP Marketing
Graham Barnes
VP Product
Rowan Murphy
SEO Strategist
Elizabeth Moore
Product Designer
Robin Kline
Content Developer
10

11. Levels of
Measurement
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The simplest level of measurement applies to variables
that can be described solely by names, labels, or
categories. We say that such data are at a nominal
level of measurement.
When we describe data with a ranking or ordering
scheme, such as star ratings of movies or restaurants,
we are using an ordinal level of measurement.

12. Time Out to Think
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Consider a survey that asks “What’s your favorite flavor of
ice cream?” We've said that ice cream flavors represent
data at the nominal level of measurement. But suppose
that, for convenience the researchers enter the survey
data into a computer by assigning numbers the different
flavors. For example, they assign 1 = vanilla, 2 =
chocolate, 3 = cookies and cream, and so on. Does this
change the ice cream flavor from nominal to ordinal?
to ordinal? Why or why not?

13. Levels of
Measurement
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The ordinal level of measurement provides a
ranking system, but it does not allow us to
determine precise differences between
measurements.

14. Levels of
Measurement
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If intervals are meaningful but ratios are not, we
say that the data are at the interval level of
measurement.
When both intervals and ratios are meaningful, we
say that data are at the ratio level of
measurement.

15. Summary of Data Types and Levels of
Measurement
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16. Summary of Data Types and Levels of
Measurement
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17. Presentation title 17

18. Levels of
Measurement
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Identify the level of measurement (nominal,
ordinal, interval, ratio) for each of the following
following sets of data.

19. Levels of
Measurement
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1. Numbers on uniform that identify
players on a basketball team.

20. Levels of
Measurement
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2. Student rankings of cafeteria food as
excellent, good, fair, or poor.

21. Levels of
Measurement
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3. Temperatures on the Celsius scale.

22. Levels of
Measurement
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4. Calendar years of historic events, such as
1776, 1945,or 2001

23. Levels of
Measurement
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5. Runners’ times in the Boston
Marathon.

24. Levels of
Measurement
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6. Position of Employees in the
Company.

25. Levels of
Measurement
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7. Educational Attainment of the
teachers in INHS.

26. Levels of
Measurement
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8. Religious Background of the
students of INHS.

27. Levels of
Measurement
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9. General Point Average (GPA) of
Grade 11 ABM students in the First
Semester of SY 2022-2023.

28. Levels of
Measurement
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10. Time of the day in a 24 hour
scale.

29. Thank you