The document discusses the American political party system. It begins by defining political parties and their role in organizing candidates and government. It then describes the historical development of parties in the US from factions in the 18th century to political machines to modern reform periods. The US has a federal constitutional democratic republic system with separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Politics are shaped by the two dominant parties, Democrats and Republicans, as well as citizen interests, lobbyists and media.
This lecture is designed for first year students of English, and for anyone interested in a simple explanation of what is at stake in current political debates in America
The document discusses the origins and foundations of the US Constitution. It describes how the Articles of Confederation failed due to economic turmoil between states and Shays' Rebellion. This led delegates to convene in Philadelphia to draft a new Constitution, drawing on ideas of separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism. Key issues at the convention included representation of states, slavery, and individual rights.
The document summarizes the US Constitution, beginning with the Preamble outlining the reasons for independence and establishing a more perfect Union. It then describes the 7 original articles that established the three branches of government and their powers, as well as how the Constitution can be amended. Finally, it lists the 27 amendments added to the original Constitution, including those guaranteeing rights like freedom of speech and abolishing slavery.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to the US Constitution, including:
- The Founding Fathers who created the Constitution believed in establishing a new type of government that would give freedom, equality, and justice for all.
- The Preamble outlines the key purposes of the Constitution, which are to establish a more perfect Union, ensure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common Defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty.
- The Constitution aims to find a balanced center between the extremes of anarchy (no government) and tyranny (too much government control) on the political spectrum. It was influenced by aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture that emphasized consensus
This document summarizes key principles of the US Constitution, how it has been amended, and how its interpretation has evolved over time. It discusses the six main principles - popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism. It describes the amendment process and lists the 27 amendments. It explains how the three branches of government, political parties, and Supreme Court rulings have affected the interpretation of the Constitution's meaning and powers over time.
The document discusses the concept of federalism in the US government. It describes how federalism is established in the US Constitution through the separation and sharing of powers between the federal and state governments. It outlines the major powers granted to each level of government, and how federalism has evolved over time from a stricter separation of powers to a more cooperative relationship between federal and state authorities. Both advantages and criticisms of federalism are presented.
The document discusses the origins of American government and the key political concepts and documents that influenced the colonial governments, such as the principle of ordered, limited, and representative government established in documents like the Magna Carta, Petition of Right, and English Bill of Rights. It then summarizes the critical events and compromises that led to the American Revolution and writing of the US Constitution, including the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, various state constitutions establishing principles of government, and the compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention such as the Connecticut Compromise on representation and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
This lecture is designed for first year students of English, and for anyone interested in a simple explanation of what is at stake in current political debates in America
The document discusses the origins and foundations of the US Constitution. It describes how the Articles of Confederation failed due to economic turmoil between states and Shays' Rebellion. This led delegates to convene in Philadelphia to draft a new Constitution, drawing on ideas of separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism. Key issues at the convention included representation of states, slavery, and individual rights.
The document summarizes the US Constitution, beginning with the Preamble outlining the reasons for independence and establishing a more perfect Union. It then describes the 7 original articles that established the three branches of government and their powers, as well as how the Constitution can be amended. Finally, it lists the 27 amendments added to the original Constitution, including those guaranteeing rights like freedom of speech and abolishing slavery.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to the US Constitution, including:
- The Founding Fathers who created the Constitution believed in establishing a new type of government that would give freedom, equality, and justice for all.
- The Preamble outlines the key purposes of the Constitution, which are to establish a more perfect Union, ensure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common Defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty.
- The Constitution aims to find a balanced center between the extremes of anarchy (no government) and tyranny (too much government control) on the political spectrum. It was influenced by aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture that emphasized consensus
This document summarizes key principles of the US Constitution, how it has been amended, and how its interpretation has evolved over time. It discusses the six main principles - popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism. It describes the amendment process and lists the 27 amendments. It explains how the three branches of government, political parties, and Supreme Court rulings have affected the interpretation of the Constitution's meaning and powers over time.
The document discusses the concept of federalism in the US government. It describes how federalism is established in the US Constitution through the separation and sharing of powers between the federal and state governments. It outlines the major powers granted to each level of government, and how federalism has evolved over time from a stricter separation of powers to a more cooperative relationship between federal and state authorities. Both advantages and criticisms of federalism are presented.
The document discusses the origins of American government and the key political concepts and documents that influenced the colonial governments, such as the principle of ordered, limited, and representative government established in documents like the Magna Carta, Petition of Right, and English Bill of Rights. It then summarizes the critical events and compromises that led to the American Revolution and writing of the US Constitution, including the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, various state constitutions establishing principles of government, and the compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention such as the Connecticut Compromise on representation and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
This document provides an overview of the US Constitution and various amendments. It contains questions about key aspects of the Constitution like the separation of powers, checks and balances, qualifications for office, and powers of the three branches of government. It also summarizes the 27 amendments, outlining what each did and providing examples. The document serves as a study guide for understanding the US Constitution and its amendments.
Federalism is a system of government where power is distributed between a central federal government and state governments. There are three main types of federalism: dual federalism, cooperative federalism, and new federalism. Federalism aims to balance national unity with local diversity, while also providing checks and balances on power through division of authority between multiple levels of government.
The document outlines instructions for a new U.S. Constitution commissioned by President Trump. It discusses various types of constitutions and outlines what the new document may include. It covers removing and adding provisions, balancing power between branches of government, and approaches to constitutional interpretation like originalism and textualism. The document provides background on debates during the 1787 convention, such as representation and the three-fifths compromise, to inform drafting the new Constitution.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the U.S. Constitution. It discusses the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation that led to calls for a stronger national government. At the 1787 Philadelphia Convention, delegates debated plans for a new framework of government, grappling with issues of representation and slavery. This resulted in the separation of powers among three branches and a system of checks and balances. After ratification, the Bill of Rights was added to further protect individual liberties.
The American Constitution was enacted in 1789 at the Philadelphia convention, consisting of just 7,000 words across 7 articles and now includes 26 amendments. Key features include being written, brief, rigid, establishing federalism and separation of powers, along with checks and balances between the three branches of government. It also outlines a presidential system, bicameral legislature, and protection of fundamental rights.
AP GOV - Introduction to U.S. Government and PoliticsTaylor Phillips
The document summarizes key concepts about the US government and democracy. It outlines the purposes of government as maintaining national defense, providing public goods and services, preserving order, socializing citizens, and collecting taxes. It then discusses political participation, policymaking systems, and models of democracy like pluralism and elitism. Finally, it analyzes historic documents like the Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation that shaped America's founding political philosophy and early attempts at governance.
Political parties in the United States are decentralized organizations with national, state, and local components. At the national level, each party has a national committee led by a chairperson that oversees the national convention, campaign committees, and fundraising efforts. While the President nominally leads their party, control is diffuse. Parties must satisfy a wide range of voters due to federalism and the decentralized nature of the American political system.
The United States Constitution was drafted at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. Delegates debated plans for the new government, with James Madison's Virginia Plan proposing a strong federal government prevailing over the New Jersey Plan. The Great Compromise merged the two, creating a bicameral Congress. After ratification, the new government established three branches of power and a system of checks and balances to limit any one branch from becoming too powerful.
The document provides an overview of the United States Constitution, including when and how it was written. It discusses that the Constitution was drafted in 1787 in Philadelphia by 55 delegates led by George Washington and James Madison, and was influenced by other historic documents and state constitutions. It established a system of checks and balances between the three branches of government to solve problems under the previous Articles of Confederation system.
The document summarizes key facts about the United States Constitution, including that it was written in 1787 in Philadelphia in response to weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. It established the three branches of government and was influenced by several historical documents promoting ideas like separation of powers and individual rights. While some limitations on government power were put in place, the Constitution is still seen as highly relevant today for establishing the foundational framework and principles of American democracy.
The United States Constitution was created on September 17, 1787 by 55 delegates to the Philadelphia Convention. It was drafted in response to the failures of the Articles of Confederation and to establish a stronger federal government with three branches that have checks and balances. The Constitution was influenced by several historical documents and defines the rights of Americans. It remains a relevant governing document in the United States today due to its establishment of democracy, separation of powers, and limits on governmental authority.
The document outlines the key components and history of the US Constitution, which was written in 1787 by delegates led by Gouverneur Morris to establish the supreme law and framework of the US government. It organized the government into three branches of power and established a balance between federal and state authority through its seven articles, including provisions for amendments and ratification to bind the states to federal power.
The document is a review of the key elements of the U.S. Constitution. It contains multiple choice and matching questions about the branches of government, qualifications for elected positions, terms of office, Constitutional amendments, and impeachment processes. The review covers the legislative, executive, and judicial branches; roles of Congress, the President, and Supreme Court; and important rights and processes established in the Constitution.
The U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land, establishing fundamental rights for citizens and requiring that laws follow its guidelines. It was written in 1787 by the Founding Fathers at the Constitutional Convention to create a framework for the new nation's federal government. This framework divided government into three branches and defined their powers. It also established individual rights and liberties for Americans through amendments like the Bill of Rights, which guarantees freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
The document summarizes key aspects of the US Constitution and federalism discussed at the Constitutional Convention. It describes the major compromises reached between the delegates on issues like state representation in Congress, the 3/5 compromise on slavery, and allowing states to decide voter qualifications. It also explains the division of powers between the federal and state governments established under the Constitution, such as Congress's enumerated powers and the states' reserved powers. Finally, it outlines the ratification process of the Constitution and some important Supreme Court cases like McCulloch v. Maryland that helped define the powers of the federal government.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and democracy. It defines government as the institution that allows a society to make and enforce public policies. The three basic types of government power are legislative, executive, and judicial. It also discusses the basic characteristics and forms of government, including dictatorships, democracies, unitary, federal, confederation, presidential and parliamentary systems. The document concludes by outlining some basic concepts of democracy such as the worth of the individual, equality, majority rule and minority rights, the necessity of compromise, and individual freedom.
Presentation on a proposed new California Constitution. Includes the context and problems with the current State Constitution, a case for the proposed Constitution, and case against it. For use as standalone or as part of a larger lecture on any number of topics.
The document discusses various forms of government and their flaws, ultimately arguing that the U.S. Constitution establishes the best system. It outlines the three branches of government - legislative, executive, and judicial - and how they check each other's power. However, it then claims that international forces seek to undermine U.S. sovereignty and impose a "New World Order" through controlling politicians, media, and by inventing wars. It calls for Americans to stand up against this threat through faith, courage, and spreading awareness.
This document discusses the history and role of political parties in the United States. It notes that the US has traditionally had a two-party system, with the Republican and Democratic parties as the major parties. Throughout history, minor parties have emerged but failed to achieve widespread and lasting support. The document traces the evolution of the two-party system from the early Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties up to the present day Republican and Democratic parties.
This document provides an overview of the US Constitution and various amendments. It contains questions about key aspects of the Constitution like the separation of powers, checks and balances, qualifications for office, and powers of the three branches of government. It also summarizes the 27 amendments, outlining what each did and providing examples. The document serves as a study guide for understanding the US Constitution and its amendments.
Federalism is a system of government where power is distributed between a central federal government and state governments. There are three main types of federalism: dual federalism, cooperative federalism, and new federalism. Federalism aims to balance national unity with local diversity, while also providing checks and balances on power through division of authority between multiple levels of government.
The document outlines instructions for a new U.S. Constitution commissioned by President Trump. It discusses various types of constitutions and outlines what the new document may include. It covers removing and adding provisions, balancing power between branches of government, and approaches to constitutional interpretation like originalism and textualism. The document provides background on debates during the 1787 convention, such as representation and the three-fifths compromise, to inform drafting the new Constitution.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the U.S. Constitution. It discusses the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation that led to calls for a stronger national government. At the 1787 Philadelphia Convention, delegates debated plans for a new framework of government, grappling with issues of representation and slavery. This resulted in the separation of powers among three branches and a system of checks and balances. After ratification, the Bill of Rights was added to further protect individual liberties.
The American Constitution was enacted in 1789 at the Philadelphia convention, consisting of just 7,000 words across 7 articles and now includes 26 amendments. Key features include being written, brief, rigid, establishing federalism and separation of powers, along with checks and balances between the three branches of government. It also outlines a presidential system, bicameral legislature, and protection of fundamental rights.
AP GOV - Introduction to U.S. Government and PoliticsTaylor Phillips
The document summarizes key concepts about the US government and democracy. It outlines the purposes of government as maintaining national defense, providing public goods and services, preserving order, socializing citizens, and collecting taxes. It then discusses political participation, policymaking systems, and models of democracy like pluralism and elitism. Finally, it analyzes historic documents like the Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation that shaped America's founding political philosophy and early attempts at governance.
Political parties in the United States are decentralized organizations with national, state, and local components. At the national level, each party has a national committee led by a chairperson that oversees the national convention, campaign committees, and fundraising efforts. While the President nominally leads their party, control is diffuse. Parties must satisfy a wide range of voters due to federalism and the decentralized nature of the American political system.
The United States Constitution was drafted at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. Delegates debated plans for the new government, with James Madison's Virginia Plan proposing a strong federal government prevailing over the New Jersey Plan. The Great Compromise merged the two, creating a bicameral Congress. After ratification, the new government established three branches of power and a system of checks and balances to limit any one branch from becoming too powerful.
The document provides an overview of the United States Constitution, including when and how it was written. It discusses that the Constitution was drafted in 1787 in Philadelphia by 55 delegates led by George Washington and James Madison, and was influenced by other historic documents and state constitutions. It established a system of checks and balances between the three branches of government to solve problems under the previous Articles of Confederation system.
The document summarizes key facts about the United States Constitution, including that it was written in 1787 in Philadelphia in response to weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. It established the three branches of government and was influenced by several historical documents promoting ideas like separation of powers and individual rights. While some limitations on government power were put in place, the Constitution is still seen as highly relevant today for establishing the foundational framework and principles of American democracy.
The United States Constitution was created on September 17, 1787 by 55 delegates to the Philadelphia Convention. It was drafted in response to the failures of the Articles of Confederation and to establish a stronger federal government with three branches that have checks and balances. The Constitution was influenced by several historical documents and defines the rights of Americans. It remains a relevant governing document in the United States today due to its establishment of democracy, separation of powers, and limits on governmental authority.
The document outlines the key components and history of the US Constitution, which was written in 1787 by delegates led by Gouverneur Morris to establish the supreme law and framework of the US government. It organized the government into three branches of power and established a balance between federal and state authority through its seven articles, including provisions for amendments and ratification to bind the states to federal power.
The document is a review of the key elements of the U.S. Constitution. It contains multiple choice and matching questions about the branches of government, qualifications for elected positions, terms of office, Constitutional amendments, and impeachment processes. The review covers the legislative, executive, and judicial branches; roles of Congress, the President, and Supreme Court; and important rights and processes established in the Constitution.
The U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land, establishing fundamental rights for citizens and requiring that laws follow its guidelines. It was written in 1787 by the Founding Fathers at the Constitutional Convention to create a framework for the new nation's federal government. This framework divided government into three branches and defined their powers. It also established individual rights and liberties for Americans through amendments like the Bill of Rights, which guarantees freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
The document summarizes key aspects of the US Constitution and federalism discussed at the Constitutional Convention. It describes the major compromises reached between the delegates on issues like state representation in Congress, the 3/5 compromise on slavery, and allowing states to decide voter qualifications. It also explains the division of powers between the federal and state governments established under the Constitution, such as Congress's enumerated powers and the states' reserved powers. Finally, it outlines the ratification process of the Constitution and some important Supreme Court cases like McCulloch v. Maryland that helped define the powers of the federal government.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and democracy. It defines government as the institution that allows a society to make and enforce public policies. The three basic types of government power are legislative, executive, and judicial. It also discusses the basic characteristics and forms of government, including dictatorships, democracies, unitary, federal, confederation, presidential and parliamentary systems. The document concludes by outlining some basic concepts of democracy such as the worth of the individual, equality, majority rule and minority rights, the necessity of compromise, and individual freedom.
Presentation on a proposed new California Constitution. Includes the context and problems with the current State Constitution, a case for the proposed Constitution, and case against it. For use as standalone or as part of a larger lecture on any number of topics.
The document discusses various forms of government and their flaws, ultimately arguing that the U.S. Constitution establishes the best system. It outlines the three branches of government - legislative, executive, and judicial - and how they check each other's power. However, it then claims that international forces seek to undermine U.S. sovereignty and impose a "New World Order" through controlling politicians, media, and by inventing wars. It calls for Americans to stand up against this threat through faith, courage, and spreading awareness.
This document discusses the history and role of political parties in the United States. It notes that the US has traditionally had a two-party system, with the Republican and Democratic parties as the major parties. Throughout history, minor parties have emerged but failed to achieve widespread and lasting support. The document traces the evolution of the two-party system from the early Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties up to the present day Republican and Democratic parties.
This document discusses different types of governments including unitary, confederate, federal, presidential, parliamentary, and dictatorship governments. It also discusses key aspects of democracy and the American system of government, noting that it draws from ideas during the Enlightenment period as well as the English political tradition while establishing a new federal republic with separation of powers.
This document summarizes the key aspects of political parties in the United States. It discusses the role and functions of major parties like the Republicans and Democrats as well as minor parties. It also explains the origins of the two-party system and how political parties are organized at the national, state, and local levels. Factors that have contributed to the decline of political parties in recent decades are also outlined.
The document provides information about the requirements for earning the Citizenship in the Nation merit badge, including discussing citizenship and the rights, duties, and obligations of citizens; visiting landmarks and federal facilities; following news for 5 days; discussing founding documents like the Declaration of Independence and Constitution; listing functions of government and how they affect families and communities; choosing and discussing an important historical speech; naming the three branches of government and their functions and checks and balances; and writing a letter to a member of Congress about an important issue. It also covers types of government, the structure and roles of the US government as a federal republic and constitutional democracy, political parties throughout US history, and minor political parties and special interest groups.
This document summarizes the history and process of political parties and elections in the United States. It outlines that political parties began forming during the writing of the Constitution between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists. It then describes the evolution of the major political parties from the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans to the current Republican and Democratic parties. The document also discusses third parties like the Libertarian and Independent parties. Finally, it provides an overview of the nominating and electoral processes used in the U.S., including primaries, conventions, and voting procedures.
Hogan's History- Establishing the U.S. GovernmentWilliam Hogan
The document summarizes key events and ideas in the establishment of the US government under the Constitution. It discusses:
1) The Articles of Confederation, the first national governing document which proved ineffective. Daniel Shay's Rebellion demonstrated the need for change.
2) Enlightenment thinkers like Locke and Rousseau influenced the founding era with ideas of natural rights and consent of the governed.
3) The Constitutional Convention drafted the US Constitution to replace the Articles, giving more power to the national government while establishing separation of powers and checks and balances between the three branches.
4) The Bill of Rights protects individual liberties and limits government power through amendments like freedom of speech and religion and due process.
Political parties organize to influence government policies and win elections. The two major U.S. parties are the Republican and Democratic parties. Over time, the parties have evolved in their beliefs and coalitions, with the Democrats traditionally representing agricultural and low-income groups and the Republicans representing business interests. Third parties face significant challenges to gaining widespread support due to obstacles in the two-party system.
This document provides a study guide for an exam on POLS 1101 that defines key political science concepts and outlines important events and documents in U.S. political history. It defines different forms of government (unitary, confederal, federal), principles like sovereignty, rights, and powers. It also summarizes major compromises and plans debated at the Constitutional Convention, the structure and powers granted to the three branches of government, and amendments that expanded civil rights.
The document summarizes the political systems of the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The United States is a federal constitutional republic with three branches of government and two dominant political parties. Canada has a parliamentary democracy and federal system with a constitutional monarchy and Liberal and Conservative parties. Mexico has a presidential republic with executive, legislative, and judicial branches dominated by the PAN, PRD, and PRI parties.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and politics, including definitions of democracy, forms of government, and separation of powers. It discusses the historical development of democracy and government in the United States, including the colonial period, the American Revolution, the Articles of Confederation, and influences on the writing of the US Constitution such as John Locke's social contract theory and natural rights. Key events that led to the Declaration of Independence in 1776 are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the political spectrum and differences between liberal and conservative positions. It discusses where different political ideologies fall on the spectrum from left to right, including liberals, moderates, conservatives, radicals, and reactionaries. Key differences highlighted between liberals and conservatives include their views on issues like role of government, social reform, tradition, equality, freedom, and moral values. The Democratic and Republican parties in the US generally represent liberal and conservative positions respectively.
Political science is the study of the state and government. It analyzes how governments are formed and how they function, as well as their relationships with citizens. Throughout history, political science has progressed from seeing government as divine to recognizing that states can be improved. Key figures like Aristotle, Machiavelli, and Lieber helped establish political science as a field of study. A state requires a people, territory, government, and sovereignty to function. While nations are based on ethnicity, states are legal entities that can include multiple nations. Governments take various forms like democracies, dictatorships, and monarchies.
This document provides information about political parties in the United States. It defines a political party as a group that seeks to control government by winning elections and holding public office. The two major parties are the Republicans and Democrats. Political parties serve several functions, including nominating candidates, informing and inspiring voters, and ensuring candidates are qualified. Minor parties also exist but do not have wide support. The US system encourages two major parties due to single-member districts and plurality voting.
The document outlines key concepts in politics and government from around the world. It discusses different political systems such as monarchies, authoritarianism, and democracy. It also covers topics like political parties, interest groups, and the role of money in politics. The purpose is to help students understand fundamental concepts in political science on a global scale.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Political parties are enduring organizations under
whose labels candidates seek and hold elective offices
(Epstein, 1986). Parties develop and implement rules
governing elections. They help organize government
leadership (Key Jr., 1964). Political parties have been
likened to public utilities, such as water and power
companies, because they provide vital services for a
democracy.
• The endurance and adaptability of American political
parties is best understood by examining their colorful
historical development. Parties evolved from factions
in the eighteenth century to political machines in the
nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, parties
underwent waves of reform that some argue initiated
a period of decline. The renewed parties of today are
service-oriented organizations dispensing assistance
and resources to candidates and politicians (Aldrich,
1995; Eldersveld & Walton Jr., 2000).
3. U.S. POLITICAL SYSTEM
• The United States is a federal constitutional democratic republic, in which the
president (the head of state and head of government), Congress, and judiciary
share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal
government shares sovereignty with the state governments.
• The executive branch is headed by the president and is independent of the
legislature. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of Congress: the
Senate and the House of Representatives. The judicial branch (or judiciary),
composed of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, exercises judicial
power.
• There are major differences between the political system of the United States
and that of most other developed capitalist countries. These include increased
power of the upper house of the legislature, a wider scope of power held by
the Supreme Court, the separation of powers between the legislature and the
executive, and the dominance of only two main parties. The United States is
one of the world's developed democracies where third parties have the least
political influence.
• U.S. politics are shaped by two major political parties: Democrats and
Republicans.
• Citizens have competing interests that differ based on their different
backgrounds—the types of jobs they have, their race or age, whether they
have children, etc.
• Politics are also shaped by special interest groups, lobbyists, and the media.
lobbyist: A person remunerated to persuade (to lobby) politicians to vote in a
6. CONGRESS
• Capitol in Washington, D.C
• Bicameral body:
• House of Representatives
• Senate
7. • Article. I. Section 1. “All
legislative Powers herein
granted shall be vested in a
Congress of the United
States, which shall consist
of a Senate and House of
Representatives.”
8. Two chambers of Congress
House of Representatives
• Lower house
• Specific district
• Proportion to population
• 435 voting members
• Serve two-year terms
• “first-past-the-post voting” in every
district.
Senate
• Upper house
• Each state Two senators (regardless of
population)
• Six-year terms
• 100 members
• Must approve the Cabinet members and
Supreme Court justices
• “first-past-the-post voting”
“ May reject each other’s bills “
9. Executive
The Executive power lies with the President of the United States who is given the job of executing,
enforcing, and administering the laws and government. The Bureaucracy is part of the Executive
Branch. The executive branch of government is responsible for enforcing the laws of the land. It is
made up of the president, the vice-president, the Cabinet and a number of what are known as
independent agencies. At the head of the executive branch is the US president, who must "take care
that the laws be faithfully executed" and "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution.
Characteristics
• Head of executive branch
• Head of state
• Commander in chief of
• the military Chief diplomat
Duties
• Negotiates international treaties
• Signs or vetoes bills
• Appoints members of the Cabinet, Supreme
Court & ambassadors
• Pardons for federal offences
The President
“Most powerful man on Earth”
11. Judicial
• The judicial power of the United States is vested in
the Supreme Court and the federal courts. Their
job is to interpret and apply US laws through cases
brought before them. Another important power of
the Supreme Court is that of Judicial Review
whereby they can rule laws unconstitutional.
Interpret laws
Use them to
settle disputes
Supreme Court
and lower
federal courts
12. POLITICAL PARTIES
• Two-party system
• Republican Party (1854) and Democratic Party (1824)
• Great investment (No amount limit; buying broadcasting
time
• allowed)
• Geography and religion are factors in ideological
positioning
• “Red states”- won by Republican party
• “Blue states”- won by Democratic
The American party system has generally always been a two-party system, especially at
the national level. This kind of system ensures that minority viewpoints can’t control the
government. There are no actual explicit legal prohibitions against third parties in
America, but most governmental institutions require a plurality, and that has generally
resulted in two-party domination. The actual parties in control have changed several
times over the course of history, and currently they are the Democrats and the
Republicans.
13. TWO PARTY SYSTEM
• A two-party system is a system in which two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all
elections at every level of government and the majority of elected offices are members of one of
the two major parties. Under a two-party system, one party typically holds a majority in the
legislature and is usually referred to as the majority party while the other is the minority party. The
United States is an example of a two-party system in which the majority of elected officials are
either Democrats or Republicans.
14. • The Republican Party is one of the two major
political parties in the United States, along with
the Democratic Party. Founded by anti- slavery
activists in 1854, it dominated politics nationally
for most of the period 1860-1932. Eighteen
presidents have been Republicans; most recently,
George W. Bush.
• The Republican Party includes fiscal
conservatives, social conservatives,
neoconservatives, moderates, and libertarians.
Prior to the formation of the conservative
coalition, which helped realign the Democratic
and Republican Party ideologies in the mid-1960s,
the party historically advocated classical
liberalism, paleo-conservatism, and progressivism.
Abraham Lincoln: Abraham Lincoln was the first
Republican president.
15. The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary
political parties in the United States along with the
Republican Party. Since the 1930s, the party has promoted
a social liberal, social democratic and progressive platform,
and its Congressional caucus is composed of progressives,
liberals, centrists, and left-libertarians. The party has the
lengthiest record of continuous operation in the United
States and is one of the oldest political parties in the world.
President Barack Obama is the15th Democrat to hold the
presidency.
The Democratic Party evolved from Anti- Federalist factions
that opposed the fiscal policies of Alexander Hamilton in the
early 1790s. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
organized these factions into the Democratic-Republican
Party. The party favored states’ rights and strict adherence
to the Constitution; it opposed a national bank and wealthy,
moneyed interests. The Democratic-Republican Party
gained power in the election of 1800.
Andrew Jackson: Andrew Jackson is typically considered
the first Democratic President
16. IDEOLOGIES
Republican Party
• Pro free markets and individual
achievement.
• Against universal health care.
Democratic Party
• Favored farmers, laborers and
religious and ethnic minorities.
• Against unregulated business
and finance.
• Interventionism.
Socially conservative,
economically liberal
Socially liberal,
economically conservative