This document is a student assignment submitted by Nurul Huda binti Fadzil answering 3 questions about Chapter 7 in her textbook on connecting learners at a distance. The questions addressed what distance learning is, how audio and television systems facilitate it, and the key characteristics of LANs, WANs, intranets, and wireless networks. Nurul provided detailed multi-paragraph responses to each question citing examples and definitions from several sources.

1. NURUL HUDA BINTI FADZIL (M20121000158)
KPT 6044/6043
PEMBELAJARAN BERASASKAN ELEKTRONIK DAN WEB
TUGASAN 4 : PEMBACAAN DAN PENILAIAN KENDIRI (MERUJUK TEKS)
CHAPTER 7: CONNECTING LEARNERS AT A DISTANCE
NAMA : NURUL HUDA BINTI FADZIL
NO.MATRIK : M20121000158
PROGRAM : SARJANA PENDIDIKAN PENGURUSAN
PERNIAGAAN
FAKULTI : PENGURUSAN DAN EKONOMI
SEMESTER : SEMESTER 1 2012/2013
KUMPULAN :A
NAMA PENSYARAH: PROF. MADYA DATO’ DR ABD LATIF BIN HJ
GAPOR

2. NURUL HUDA BINTI FADZIL (M20121000158)
NO. SUBJECT PAGES
1. Question 1 1
2. Question 2 1-3
3. Question 3 4-6
4. BIBLIOGRAPHY 7

3. NURUL HUDA BINTI FADZIL (M20121000158)
CHAPTER 7: CONNECTING LEARNERS AT A DISTANCE
Task: Answer 3 question in this chapter.
1) What is distance learning?
-According to Desmond Keegan (1980) identified key elements of a formal definition
of distance education, which have not changed with the advent of newer technologies
for delivery physical separation of learners from the teacher, organizes instructional
program, telecommunications technology, and two-way communication.
-Distance learning has popular term to describe learning via telecommunications. The
term telecommunications embrace a variety of technology and media configurations,
including audio, video and computer-based resources.
-Distance education or distance learning is a field of education that focuses on
teaching methods and technology with the aim of delivering teaching, often on an
individual basis, to students who are not physically present in a traditional educational
setting such as a classroom. It has been described as "a process to create and provide
access to learning when the source of information and the learners are separated by
time and distance, or both."Distance education courses that require a physical on-site
presence for any reason (including taking examinations) have been referred to as
hybrid or blended courses of study.
2) How do audio and television systems facilitate distance learning?
-An audio teleconference is a live, interactive conversation using telephone lines,
satellites, or the internet will connects people at different location. One issues
associated with relying only on audio transmissions is the lack of visual information.
However, audio can be supplemented by providing visual information sent by faks
(facsimile) or email or with a course management tool such as Blackboard or Moodle.

4. NURUL HUDA BINTI FADZIL (M20121000158)
-Audio technology use when student learning will be enhanced by:
GUIDELINES EXAMPLES
Connecting students Students can interact with an author about his or her book
with resource people or with public officials to discuss current legislation.
Reaching the rural Students can attend an advanced placement course that
student might have been unavailable otherwise.
Working collaboratively Student can discuss projects or assignments at time or
with other students location that best meets their needs.
Reaching a student Student not need to miss class discussions or other
unable to attend class instruction because they are restricted to home.
due to illness or
disability
- Television technologies offer many different types of instructional opportunities for
learners. Students can engage in independent learning by viewing programs on such
channel as Discovery or the History Channel. More formally, learners can be enrolled
in a televised course or graduation from a program of study.
-The term one-way television to refer to television delivery systems the transmit
programs to students without an interactive connection to the teacher. -One-way
Television Technology use when student learning will be enhanced by:
GUIDELINES EXAMPLES
Reinforcing classroom Younger students can watch a program at home with
instruction parents that will help reinforce a specific lesson from the
classroom.
Expanding the textbook Some textbook have limited information on a topic that
material might be expanded by viewing a documentary.
Supplemental Student can become better informed on a topic of interest
information while viewing an instructional or informative television
program.
Keeping current Students can watch the evening news or other types of

5. NURUL HUDA BINTI FADZIL (M20121000158)
news programs to gather up-to-date information for
classroom discussions.
-However, virtually all television delivery can be converted into a two-way television
communication system by using a device for sending audio feedback to the presenter.
The talkback capability can be added by means of the telephone for calling the
originating classroom.
-Two-way Television Technology use when student learning will be enhanced by:
GUIDELINES EXAMPLES
Extending classroom A group of students from across the state or around the
instruction world can beaded to classroom discussions to extend
learning experiences.
Expanding the textbook A guest speaker can be part of the class presentations on a
material topic
Reaching the rural Students who have limited access to course needed to
student expand their knowledge or to prepare them for college can
take a course from distant school location.
Supplemental A teacher from another school can add to the instructional
information experiences of a whole class.
3) Identify three characteristics each of LAN, WAN. Intranet, and Wireless network.
-Characteristics of LAN
1) Centralized Computer -A LAN relies on a centralized computer called a file server
that ‘serves’ all the other computers connected to it. A computer lab is often itself a
LAN because all the computers in the lab are connected to a single file server, usually

6. NURUL HUDA BINTI FADZIL (M20121000158)
tucked away in a closet or other out-of-the way space. Whole buildings can also be
connected to a local area network, usually with a single computer, generally located in
the office or media center, serving as the school’s file server.
2) Collection Of Software- Through a LAN, all of the classrooms in a school can have
access to the school’s collection of software. Many schools also allow teachers and
students to save their computer work in personalized folders on the server, which is
very useful when multiple students use one computer. It also allows teachers access to
their materials, such as a PowerPoint presentation, while in the computer lab.
3) Reduce A Technology Coordinator’s Workload- LAN can also reduce a technology
coordinator’s workload, which might otherwise include installing programs,
inventorying software. For example, the media center can store its catalog of materials
on the file server, giving teachers and students easy access to the information available
on a certain topic.
-Characteristics of WAN
1) Communication Facility: For a big company spanning over different parts of the
country the employees can save long distance phone calls and it overcomes the time
lag in overseas communications. Computer conferencing is another use of WAN
where users communicate with each other through their computer system.
2) Remote Data Entry: Remote data entry is possible in WAN. It means sitting at any
location you can enter data, update data and query other information of any computer
attached to the WAN but located in other cities. For example, suppose you are sitting
at Madras and want to see some data of a computer located at Delhi, you can do it
through WAN.
3) Centralised Information: In modern computerised environment you will find that
big organisations go for centralised data storage. This means if the organisation is
spread over many cities, they keep their important business data in a single place. As
the data are generated at different sites, WAN permits collection of this data from
different sites and save at a single site.
-Characteristics of Intranet

7. NURUL HUDA BINTI FADZIL (M20121000158)
1) Communication – The intranet must support various communication channels, such
as information from the management team concerning strategic aspects of their
organisation or collaboration amongst project teams and departments. These formal
and informal methods of communication are equally important. Therefore essential to
have an in-depth look at the communication tools on offer.
2) Maintenance and Updating – It is inevitable that your intranet will require frequent
updating and maintenance to ensure that the information provided is both relevant and
accurate. Adding an image or changing content should not be a difficult process, nor
should it be time-consuming. Surprisingly, many intranet systems require the help of
technically skilled people to perform these tasks.
3) Access flexibility – Accessibility by either a laptop or desktop is no longer
acceptable, as not all employees perform tasks and activities at their desks. Certain job
roles require employees to visit clients, and regular off-site meetings are becoming
more common. Therefore flexibility in accessing their intranet on mobile devices and
tablets should facilitate and not compromise their ability to perform tasks on their
intranet.
-Characteristics of Wireless network
1) Connecting computer without wire, instead relies on radio frequency, microwave,
or infrared technology that depends on a base station for connection to the network.
2)Such network use transmitters placed inside the room, throughout the building, or
across a campus area and operate in the same manner as hardwired networks.
3) Wireless network omit the need for cabling, which can be costly to install,
particularly in older buildings. Computer are no longer bound to workstations. Laptop
may be used anywhere within the room, building, or campus area and still have access
to the internet.

8. NURUL HUDA BINTI FADZIL (M20121000158)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Distance Learning. (2012). Gains on October 28, 2012 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_education
Paula.(2012). 7 Characteristics of a Successful Intranet. Gains on October 28, 2012 from
http://www.claromentis.com/blog/7-characteristics-of-a-successful-
intranet/#.ULX7cWeQ9u0

9. NURUL HUDA BINTI FADZIL (M20121000158)
Sharon E. Smaldino, Deborah L. Lowther & James D.Russel. (2012). Instructional
Technology and Media for Learning . United States: Pearson Education.
Wide Area Network.(2011). Gains on October 28,2012 from http://www.itsavvy.in/wide-
area-network