This document discusses several emerging technologies including intelligent sensors and wireless sensor networks, intelligent cars and smart highways, tele-health, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), nanotechnology, and clean technology. It provides examples of applications for each technology such as using sensors to monitor bridges, analyze gait, and track inventory. Intelligent cars applications include collision avoidance systems and drunk driving detection. Tele-health allows remote monitoring of vital signs. MEMS and nanotechnology have applications in areas like biomedical devices, manufacturing, and computers.
This document discusses emerging technologies that could address 21st century challenges, including intelligent sensors and wireless networks, intelligent vehicles and smart highways, telehealth, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), nanotechnology, robotics, and clean technology. It provides examples of applications for each technology such as structural monitoring with sensors, autonomous vehicles, remote health monitoring, wearable sensors, and miniaturized electronics leveraging MEMS and nanotechnology. Research is aiming to develop systems using multiferroic materials at the nanoscale that could enable more efficient electromagnetic devices and technologies.
The document discusses recent research and developments in electronics and communication engineering. It outlines the typical coursework for an electronics and communication engineering degree, including subjects like signals and systems, digital electronics, communication theory, and wireless communication. It then discusses opportunities in fields like intelligent sensors and wireless sensor networks, intelligent vehicles and smart highways, telehealth, microelectromechanical systems, nanotechnology, robotics, and more. Examples of applications are provided, such as using MEMS sensors in airbags or developing intelligent sensor networks for structural monitoring. Overall technologies are advancing rapidly in areas like wireless healthcare, autonomous vehicles, and applications of nanotechnology, robotics, and automation.
The document discusses wireless sensor networks and digital signal processing. It provides an overview of WSNs, describing key constraints like power management and protocols. It discusses several data fusion approaches used in WSN applications like beamforming, Kalman filtering, and filter banks. It also covers energy harvesting techniques that can power sensor nodes, reducing reliance on batteries and extending network lifetime.
Smart dust consists of tiny wireless sensor nodes called "motes" that contain sensors, computing circuits, communication technology, and a power supply integrated on a dust-sized device. These motes form networks to transmit sensor data like temperature, humidity, light, and vibrations back to a central computer. Each mote has an ambient sensor, wireless transmitter, CPU, and power source. Researchers are working to miniaturize components using MEMS and integrated circuit technology to create smarter and smaller smart dust networks for applications in defense, healthcare, environment monitoring, and more. Challenges include reducing size, weight, and power consumption of the motes.
This document provides an overview of sensors, MEMS, and the Internet of Things. It discusses improvements in cost and performance of sensors, transceivers, GPS, and energy harvesters that enable the IoT. MEMS are a key part of the IoT as many types of sensors are MEMS-based. Examples discussed include micro-gas analyzers using MEMS-based gas chromatography and inkjet printers using MEMS to reduce ink consumption. The document outlines drivers of the IoT including falling costs of components and emergence of better software.
The Small Scale Systems Integration and Packaging (S3IP) Center aims to create new electronics applications through flexible solar, systems integration, electronics packaging, materials development, and global partnerships. S3IP works with New York universities and industry on research in areas like flexible electronics, energy efficient systems, roll-to-roll manufacturing, and autonomous solar power. The center generates over $700 million in economic impact and is part of Binghamton University's focus on small scale systems through centers in areas like microelectronics, life sciences, and photonics.
The document discusses the development of convergent technologies for structural health monitoring, including the integration of biotechnology, nanotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science to create wireless sensor nodes. It provides an overview of structural health monitoring applications, the history and development of wireless sensors, and a critique of a paper on an impedance-based wireless sensor node. The document also examines the future impacts and challenges of convergent technologies.
Jim Brazell presents a prescient view on the future of computing at the Machine to Machine Computing Conference for M2M United in San Antonio, Texas in 2006. If you want a speaker who can show you the future today, there is one guy who has been nailing future trends for the past decade and his name is Jim Brazell. Learn more at www.ventureramp.com. Read his free technology forecast from the Texas State Technical College System on the same topic at: http://forecasting.tstc.edu/forecasts/m2m-the-wireless-revolution/
M2M is an acronym for Machine-to-Machine computing and both fourth generation and M2M involve networking physical, chemical, biological and neurological objects, systems and environments. Applications of M2M and fourth generation computing span virtually every industry and market. “The most compelling discovery of the report is the emergence of a fourth generation of computing defined as a system on a chip with a single platform for power, communications and computing.” says Jim Brazell, principal analyst.
Highlights of the forecast include recommendations to educators who wish to develop curricula and analysis of the global US$100 billion industry in 2005 forecast to grow to US $700 billion by 2010. The report describes M2M technologies, identifies the emerging and promising markets, and identifies the resources Texas can draw upon to play a leading role in this increasingly competitive arena. Based on more than 100 interviews and an M2M industry survey, as well as secondary sources, the report outlines human capital needs of M2M companies over the next three to five years, and how technical and community colleges can best meet those needs through targeted curricula and transdisciplinary learning environments. By anticipating workforce demands, college curriculum offerings can be a constructive force in attracting high-tech companies to the state and ensuring that existing high-tech companies continue to have appropriately skilled employees.
This document discusses emerging technologies that could address 21st century challenges, including intelligent sensors and wireless networks, intelligent vehicles and smart highways, telehealth, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), nanotechnology, robotics, and clean technology. It provides examples of applications for each technology such as structural monitoring with sensors, autonomous vehicles, remote health monitoring, wearable sensors, and miniaturized electronics leveraging MEMS and nanotechnology. Research is aiming to develop systems using multiferroic materials at the nanoscale that could enable more efficient electromagnetic devices and technologies.
The document discusses recent research and developments in electronics and communication engineering. It outlines the typical coursework for an electronics and communication engineering degree, including subjects like signals and systems, digital electronics, communication theory, and wireless communication. It then discusses opportunities in fields like intelligent sensors and wireless sensor networks, intelligent vehicles and smart highways, telehealth, microelectromechanical systems, nanotechnology, robotics, and more. Examples of applications are provided, such as using MEMS sensors in airbags or developing intelligent sensor networks for structural monitoring. Overall technologies are advancing rapidly in areas like wireless healthcare, autonomous vehicles, and applications of nanotechnology, robotics, and automation.
The document discusses wireless sensor networks and digital signal processing. It provides an overview of WSNs, describing key constraints like power management and protocols. It discusses several data fusion approaches used in WSN applications like beamforming, Kalman filtering, and filter banks. It also covers energy harvesting techniques that can power sensor nodes, reducing reliance on batteries and extending network lifetime.
Smart dust consists of tiny wireless sensor nodes called "motes" that contain sensors, computing circuits, communication technology, and a power supply integrated on a dust-sized device. These motes form networks to transmit sensor data like temperature, humidity, light, and vibrations back to a central computer. Each mote has an ambient sensor, wireless transmitter, CPU, and power source. Researchers are working to miniaturize components using MEMS and integrated circuit technology to create smarter and smaller smart dust networks for applications in defense, healthcare, environment monitoring, and more. Challenges include reducing size, weight, and power consumption of the motes.
This document provides an overview of sensors, MEMS, and the Internet of Things. It discusses improvements in cost and performance of sensors, transceivers, GPS, and energy harvesters that enable the IoT. MEMS are a key part of the IoT as many types of sensors are MEMS-based. Examples discussed include micro-gas analyzers using MEMS-based gas chromatography and inkjet printers using MEMS to reduce ink consumption. The document outlines drivers of the IoT including falling costs of components and emergence of better software.
The Small Scale Systems Integration and Packaging (S3IP) Center aims to create new electronics applications through flexible solar, systems integration, electronics packaging, materials development, and global partnerships. S3IP works with New York universities and industry on research in areas like flexible electronics, energy efficient systems, roll-to-roll manufacturing, and autonomous solar power. The center generates over $700 million in economic impact and is part of Binghamton University's focus on small scale systems through centers in areas like microelectronics, life sciences, and photonics.
The document discusses the development of convergent technologies for structural health monitoring, including the integration of biotechnology, nanotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science to create wireless sensor nodes. It provides an overview of structural health monitoring applications, the history and development of wireless sensors, and a critique of a paper on an impedance-based wireless sensor node. The document also examines the future impacts and challenges of convergent technologies.
Jim Brazell presents a prescient view on the future of computing at the Machine to Machine Computing Conference for M2M United in San Antonio, Texas in 2006. If you want a speaker who can show you the future today, there is one guy who has been nailing future trends for the past decade and his name is Jim Brazell. Learn more at www.ventureramp.com. Read his free technology forecast from the Texas State Technical College System on the same topic at: http://forecasting.tstc.edu/forecasts/m2m-the-wireless-revolution/
M2M is an acronym for Machine-to-Machine computing and both fourth generation and M2M involve networking physical, chemical, biological and neurological objects, systems and environments. Applications of M2M and fourth generation computing span virtually every industry and market. “The most compelling discovery of the report is the emergence of a fourth generation of computing defined as a system on a chip with a single platform for power, communications and computing.” says Jim Brazell, principal analyst.
Highlights of the forecast include recommendations to educators who wish to develop curricula and analysis of the global US$100 billion industry in 2005 forecast to grow to US $700 billion by 2010. The report describes M2M technologies, identifies the emerging and promising markets, and identifies the resources Texas can draw upon to play a leading role in this increasingly competitive arena. Based on more than 100 interviews and an M2M industry survey, as well as secondary sources, the report outlines human capital needs of M2M companies over the next three to five years, and how technical and community colleges can best meet those needs through targeted curricula and transdisciplinary learning environments. By anticipating workforce demands, college curriculum offerings can be a constructive force in attracting high-tech companies to the state and ensuring that existing high-tech companies continue to have appropriately skilled employees.
Introductory lecture to module on Management of Innovation and Technology . This presentation is the first lecture of the module " Management of Innovation and Technology" which was prepared for the students enrolled in the Masters in Biotechnology program, at Grenoble ecole de management, France. It introduces the students to the different technologies that are currently disrupting the economy, and is aimed at a business audience. Slides were updated on November 2015.
A presentation about nanoelectronics-what it is and why it is used widely nowadays, its advantages and industrial applications and the future use. Also describes some problems faced by nanoelectronics.
Pioneering the Future: Recent Innovations and New Technology Ideasapurvasawant25
In 2023, technology innovation is reaching new heights. Quantum computing, with its immense processing power, is poised to tackle complex problems in cryptography and materials science. AI continues to advance, with smarter algorithms reshaping industries like healthcare and finance. The widespread adoption of 5G technology promises faster connectivity and unlocks the potential of augmented reality and the Internet of Things. Sustainable energy solutions, from improved solar panels to grid management, are addressing environmental concerns. Biotechnology innovations, such as gene editing and personalized medicine, are transforming healthcare. The year 2023 marks a promising era of tech innovation that's set to redefine our world.
The document discusses opportunities and challenges in the field of nanotechnology. It describes how nanotechnology involves controlling matter at the nanoscale and exploiting novel properties. The director notes that nanotechnology will likely produce major breakthroughs. Potential benefits are discussed in areas like computing, materials, health, energy, transportation, security and space exploration. Challenges include developing nanotechnology into useful products and ensuring its safe and responsible development.
The document discusses an IoT-based smart energy grid system. It describes how IoT technologies can transform conventional power systems into smarter energy grids by enabling two-way communication between energy providers and consumers. This allows for more efficient, reliable and secure management of energy supply and demand. However, integrating IoT also introduces new security vulnerabilities that must be addressed, such as potential cyberattacks. Advanced technologies like blockchain, machine learning and AI could help secure IoT-enabled energy systems.
The document discusses an IoT-based smart energy grid system. It describes how IoT technologies can transform conventional power systems into smarter energy grids by enabling two-way communication between energy providers and consumers. This allows for more efficient, reliable and secure management of energy supply and demand. However, integrating IoT also introduces new security vulnerabilities that must be addressed, such as potential cyberattacks. Advanced technologies like blockchain, machine learning and AI could help secure IoT-enabled energy systems.
IRJET- Nanorobots: Application in Data MiningIRJET Journal
This document discusses the potential applications of nanorobots in data mining. It begins with an introduction to the field of nanorobotics and defines nanorobots as tiny machines designed to perform tasks at the nanoscale. The document then describes the potential structure and components of nanorobots, including medicine cavities, probes, knives, chisels, microwave emitters, ultrasonic signal generators, electrodes, and lasers. Various types of nanorobots are also outlined. The document focuses on how nanorobots could be used for data mining through information processing at the nanoscale. It then lists several other potential applications of nanorobots in fields like cryonics, nanomedicine, surgery, hematology, diabetes treatment
Micro Power Supply Market Latest Technological Developments Outlook Report by...stringentdatalytics
The micro power supply market refers to the industry involved in the production and distribution of compact power supply solutions designed for various electronic devices and systems. Micro power supplies provide a stable and reliable power source for small-scale electronic applications, including portable devices, IoT devices, wearable technology, and wireless sensors.
Power Supply Market was worth US$ 33.96 Bn. in 2022 and total revenue is expected to grow at a rate of 4.73 % CAGR from 2023 to 2029.
Key Factors Driving the Market:
1. Miniaturization and Compact Design: The increasing demand for smaller and more compact electronic devices necessitates the development of micro power supplies. These power supplies are designed to occupy minimal space while providing efficient power conversion and management, enabling the miniaturization of electronic devices.
2. Growing IoT and Wearable Technology Market: The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) and wearable technology drives the demand for micro power supplies. IoT devices and wearables require power sources that are small, lightweight, and capable of providing reliable power for extended periods, making micro power supplies an essential component for these applications.
3. Energy Efficiency and Battery Life Extension: Micro power supplies focus on energy efficiency to extend the battery life of portable devices and wireless sensors. They incorporate features such as low-power standby modes, power management circuits, and energy harvesting capabilities to optimize power usage and maximize battery longevity.
4. Increasing Demand for Portable Electronics: The growing consumer demand for portable electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and wireless headphones, fuels the demand for micro power supplies. These power supplies enable the efficient and reliable operation of portable devices, enhancing their usability and convenience.
5. Advancements in Power Conversion Technologies: Ongoing advancements in power conversion technologies, such as switching regulators, low-dropout (LDO) regulators, and energy harvesting solutions, contribute to the development of efficient micro power supplies. These advancements improve power conversion efficiency, reduce heat dissipation, and enhance overall system performance.
Nanotechnology Presentation For Electronic Industrytabirsir
Nanoelectronics aims to process, transmit, and store information using properties of matter at the nanoscale that are different from macroscale properties. Relevant length scales are a few nanometers for molecules acting as transistors or memory, and up to 999 nm for quantum dots using electron spin. While microelectronics uses gate sizes as small as 50 nm, it does not qualify as nanoelectronics as it does not exploit new physical properties related to reduced size.
This document discusses the challenges of battery life for Internet of Things (IoT) devices and proposes alternative technologies like energy harvesting. It notes that the estimated 24 billion connected devices by 2020 will be impossible to power with current battery technologies. Existing systems rely on batteries or wired power, but batteries have limited life and charging can be difficult. The document explores energy harvesting technologies that convert light, vibration or heat into electricity as alternatives. It also discusses power management techniques like sleep scheduling and routing that can improve efficiency. Future work may focus on developing small-scale energy harvesters from ambient sources to power wireless sensor networks.
The Development of Nanotechnology in Electronic Devices.pdfCIOWomenMagazine
The existence of nanotechnology in electronic devices helps the functionality of the devices. The weight and power consumption are reduced substantially. Nanotechnology means any technology on the nano-scale which has numerous applications in the world.
Micromachined Electro-Mechanical Systems, also called microfabricated Systems, have evoked great interest in the scientific and engineering communities. This is primarily due to several substantive advantages that MEMS offer: orders of magnitude smaller size, better performance than other solutions, possibilities for batch fabrication and cost-effective integration with electronics, virtually zero dc power consumption and potentially large reduction in power consumption, etc.
This Seminar would give an introduction to these exciting developments and the technology and design approaches for the realization of these integrated systems. It would be followed with an introduction to the design of microsensors, such as the pressure sensor and the accelerometer, which began the MEMS revolution.
A systematic approach is developed to select manufacturing Process Chains for the generic elements of a MEMS device. A database of MEMS Process Chains and their attendant process attributes is developed from the existing literature, and used to construct Process Attribute charts. The performance requirements of MEMS beams and trenches are translated into the same set of Process Attributes. This allows for a screening of the Process Chains to obtain a list of candidate manufacturing methods.
I begin with a quick introduction to MEMS technology, micron scale and show that silicon is eminently suited for micromechanical devices and therefore the possibility of integrating MEMS with VLSI electronics. Smart cell phones and wireless enabled devices are poised to become commercial engines for the next generation of MEMS, since MEMS provide not only better functionality with smaller chip area, but also alternative transceiver architectures for improved functionality, performance and reliability.
The application domains cover microsensors and actuators for physical quantities, of which MEMS for automobile & consumer electronics forms a large segment; microfabricated subsystems for communications and computer systems.
Disruptive & Breakthrough innovations alter our world. Some domains of Technology are altering and evolving at a pace that is almost alarming. However, the future is never predictable and a breakthrough technology in a domain can revolutionaries the way the world works and conducts without much warning. The Moore's Law was expected to hit a plateau and now with advent of Quantum computing it has again become relevant and computational speeds may even outpace Moore's Law. The material technologies including nano-science will continue to excite the researchers and Bio-sciences with synergising affects of other domains of science can be predicted to take giant leaps. Artificial Intelligence is probably expected to pervade everything we touch and feel.
This document provides an overview of nanoelectronics. It defines nanoelectronics as a branch of engineering that uses electronic components with dimensions measured in nanometers. The document discusses how nanoelectronics can be used to reduce the size of electronic devices. It also outlines several applications of nanoelectronics in electronics, energy, and displays. Finally, it discusses future opportunities for nanoelectronics in areas like flexible electronics, wireless devices, and molecular devices.
Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have been identified as one of the most promising technologies and will continue to revolutionize the industry as well as the industrial and consumer products by combining silicon-based microelectronics with micro-machining technology. All the spheres of industrial application including robots conception and development will be impacted by this new technology. If semiconductor microfabrication was contemplated to be the first micro-manufacturing revolution, MEMS is the second revolution. The paper reflects the results of a study about the state of the art of this technology and its future influence in the development of the construction industry. The interdisciplinary nature of MEMS utilizes design, engineering and manufacturing expertise from a wide and diverse range of technical areas including integrated circuit fabrication technology, mechanical engineering, materials science, electrical engineering, chemistry and chemical engineering, as well as fluid engineering, optics, instrumentation and packaging.
Smart dust is a network of tiny sensor-enabled devices called motes that can monitor environmental conditions. Each mote contains sensors, computing power, wireless communication, and an autonomous power supply within a volume of a few millimeters. They communicate with each other and a base station using radio frequency or optical transmission. Major challenges in developing smart dust include fitting all components into a small size while minimizing energy usage. Potential applications include environmental monitoring, healthcare, security, and traffic monitoring.
The document discusses nano computing, which uses devices that are extremely small, around 100 nm in size. It describes different types of nano computers including electronic, mechanical, chemical, and quantum. It explains how nano computing works by storing data using atomic quantum states or spin. The advantages are high performance, low power usage, and smaller devices. Challenges include the high costs and difficulties of manufacturing at the nano scale. The future of nano computing could include new memory technologies and standards to utilize the new systems.
This document discusses emerging technology trends in IT, including artificial intelligence, big data, internet of things, cloud computing, augmented reality and virtual reality, and blockchains. It provides examples of how these technologies are being applied and developed. It also discusses concepts like industrial intelligent automation, intelligent transportation systems, the future of work, and characteristics of future IT platforms.
This document provides an overview of the relational model and relational algebra operations. It defines key concepts like relations, attributes, tuples, domains, keys and foreign keys. It describes common relational algebra operations like selection, projection, joins and set operations. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to write relational algebra queries using selection and projection operations on sample student and employee tables.
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Introductory lecture to module on Management of Innovation and Technology . This presentation is the first lecture of the module " Management of Innovation and Technology" which was prepared for the students enrolled in the Masters in Biotechnology program, at Grenoble ecole de management, France. It introduces the students to the different technologies that are currently disrupting the economy, and is aimed at a business audience. Slides were updated on November 2015.
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The document discusses an IoT-based smart energy grid system. It describes how IoT technologies can transform conventional power systems into smarter energy grids by enabling two-way communication between energy providers and consumers. This allows for more efficient, reliable and secure management of energy supply and demand. However, integrating IoT also introduces new security vulnerabilities that must be addressed, such as potential cyberattacks. Advanced technologies like blockchain, machine learning and AI could help secure IoT-enabled energy systems.
The document discusses an IoT-based smart energy grid system. It describes how IoT technologies can transform conventional power systems into smarter energy grids by enabling two-way communication between energy providers and consumers. This allows for more efficient, reliable and secure management of energy supply and demand. However, integrating IoT also introduces new security vulnerabilities that must be addressed, such as potential cyberattacks. Advanced technologies like blockchain, machine learning and AI could help secure IoT-enabled energy systems.
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This document discusses the potential applications of nanorobots in data mining. It begins with an introduction to the field of nanorobotics and defines nanorobots as tiny machines designed to perform tasks at the nanoscale. The document then describes the potential structure and components of nanorobots, including medicine cavities, probes, knives, chisels, microwave emitters, ultrasonic signal generators, electrodes, and lasers. Various types of nanorobots are also outlined. The document focuses on how nanorobots could be used for data mining through information processing at the nanoscale. It then lists several other potential applications of nanorobots in fields like cryonics, nanomedicine, surgery, hematology, diabetes treatment
Micro Power Supply Market Latest Technological Developments Outlook Report by...stringentdatalytics
The micro power supply market refers to the industry involved in the production and distribution of compact power supply solutions designed for various electronic devices and systems. Micro power supplies provide a stable and reliable power source for small-scale electronic applications, including portable devices, IoT devices, wearable technology, and wireless sensors.
Power Supply Market was worth US$ 33.96 Bn. in 2022 and total revenue is expected to grow at a rate of 4.73 % CAGR from 2023 to 2029.
Key Factors Driving the Market:
1. Miniaturization and Compact Design: The increasing demand for smaller and more compact electronic devices necessitates the development of micro power supplies. These power supplies are designed to occupy minimal space while providing efficient power conversion and management, enabling the miniaturization of electronic devices.
2. Growing IoT and Wearable Technology Market: The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) and wearable technology drives the demand for micro power supplies. IoT devices and wearables require power sources that are small, lightweight, and capable of providing reliable power for extended periods, making micro power supplies an essential component for these applications.
3. Energy Efficiency and Battery Life Extension: Micro power supplies focus on energy efficiency to extend the battery life of portable devices and wireless sensors. They incorporate features such as low-power standby modes, power management circuits, and energy harvesting capabilities to optimize power usage and maximize battery longevity.
4. Increasing Demand for Portable Electronics: The growing consumer demand for portable electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and wireless headphones, fuels the demand for micro power supplies. These power supplies enable the efficient and reliable operation of portable devices, enhancing their usability and convenience.
5. Advancements in Power Conversion Technologies: Ongoing advancements in power conversion technologies, such as switching regulators, low-dropout (LDO) regulators, and energy harvesting solutions, contribute to the development of efficient micro power supplies. These advancements improve power conversion efficiency, reduce heat dissipation, and enhance overall system performance.
Nanotechnology Presentation For Electronic Industrytabirsir
Nanoelectronics aims to process, transmit, and store information using properties of matter at the nanoscale that are different from macroscale properties. Relevant length scales are a few nanometers for molecules acting as transistors or memory, and up to 999 nm for quantum dots using electron spin. While microelectronics uses gate sizes as small as 50 nm, it does not qualify as nanoelectronics as it does not exploit new physical properties related to reduced size.
This document discusses the challenges of battery life for Internet of Things (IoT) devices and proposes alternative technologies like energy harvesting. It notes that the estimated 24 billion connected devices by 2020 will be impossible to power with current battery technologies. Existing systems rely on batteries or wired power, but batteries have limited life and charging can be difficult. The document explores energy harvesting technologies that convert light, vibration or heat into electricity as alternatives. It also discusses power management techniques like sleep scheduling and routing that can improve efficiency. Future work may focus on developing small-scale energy harvesters from ambient sources to power wireless sensor networks.
The Development of Nanotechnology in Electronic Devices.pdfCIOWomenMagazine
The existence of nanotechnology in electronic devices helps the functionality of the devices. The weight and power consumption are reduced substantially. Nanotechnology means any technology on the nano-scale which has numerous applications in the world.
Micromachined Electro-Mechanical Systems, also called microfabricated Systems, have evoked great interest in the scientific and engineering communities. This is primarily due to several substantive advantages that MEMS offer: orders of magnitude smaller size, better performance than other solutions, possibilities for batch fabrication and cost-effective integration with electronics, virtually zero dc power consumption and potentially large reduction in power consumption, etc.
This Seminar would give an introduction to these exciting developments and the technology and design approaches for the realization of these integrated systems. It would be followed with an introduction to the design of microsensors, such as the pressure sensor and the accelerometer, which began the MEMS revolution.
A systematic approach is developed to select manufacturing Process Chains for the generic elements of a MEMS device. A database of MEMS Process Chains and their attendant process attributes is developed from the existing literature, and used to construct Process Attribute charts. The performance requirements of MEMS beams and trenches are translated into the same set of Process Attributes. This allows for a screening of the Process Chains to obtain a list of candidate manufacturing methods.
I begin with a quick introduction to MEMS technology, micron scale and show that silicon is eminently suited for micromechanical devices and therefore the possibility of integrating MEMS with VLSI electronics. Smart cell phones and wireless enabled devices are poised to become commercial engines for the next generation of MEMS, since MEMS provide not only better functionality with smaller chip area, but also alternative transceiver architectures for improved functionality, performance and reliability.
The application domains cover microsensors and actuators for physical quantities, of which MEMS for automobile & consumer electronics forms a large segment; microfabricated subsystems for communications and computer systems.
Disruptive & Breakthrough innovations alter our world. Some domains of Technology are altering and evolving at a pace that is almost alarming. However, the future is never predictable and a breakthrough technology in a domain can revolutionaries the way the world works and conducts without much warning. The Moore's Law was expected to hit a plateau and now with advent of Quantum computing it has again become relevant and computational speeds may even outpace Moore's Law. The material technologies including nano-science will continue to excite the researchers and Bio-sciences with synergising affects of other domains of science can be predicted to take giant leaps. Artificial Intelligence is probably expected to pervade everything we touch and feel.
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Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have been identified as one of the most promising technologies and will continue to revolutionize the industry as well as the industrial and consumer products by combining silicon-based microelectronics with micro-machining technology. All the spheres of industrial application including robots conception and development will be impacted by this new technology. If semiconductor microfabrication was contemplated to be the first micro-manufacturing revolution, MEMS is the second revolution. The paper reflects the results of a study about the state of the art of this technology and its future influence in the development of the construction industry. The interdisciplinary nature of MEMS utilizes design, engineering and manufacturing expertise from a wide and diverse range of technical areas including integrated circuit fabrication technology, mechanical engineering, materials science, electrical engineering, chemistry and chemical engineering, as well as fluid engineering, optics, instrumentation and packaging.
Smart dust is a network of tiny sensor-enabled devices called motes that can monitor environmental conditions. Each mote contains sensors, computing power, wireless communication, and an autonomous power supply within a volume of a few millimeters. They communicate with each other and a base station using radio frequency or optical transmission. Major challenges in developing smart dust include fitting all components into a small size while minimizing energy usage. Potential applications include environmental monitoring, healthcare, security, and traffic monitoring.
The document discusses nano computing, which uses devices that are extremely small, around 100 nm in size. It describes different types of nano computers including electronic, mechanical, chemical, and quantum. It explains how nano computing works by storing data using atomic quantum states or spin. The advantages are high performance, low power usage, and smaller devices. Challenges include the high costs and difficulties of manufacturing at the nano scale. The future of nano computing could include new memory technologies and standards to utilize the new systems.
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1. CONVERGENCE OF EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES TO ADDRESS THE
CHALLENGES OF THE 21st CENTURY
HONORARY DOCTORATE ADDRESS BY
DR. ASAD M. MADNI
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CRETE
1
2. INTRODUCTION
Numerous technologies are advancing at an unimaginable
rate and it is not possible to cover all of them during the
course of this presentation . This presentation will focus on :
Intelligent Sensors and Wireless Sensor Networks
Intelligent Cars and Smart Highways
Tele-Health (Wireless Healthcare)
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
Nanotechnology
Clean Technology
Robotics and Automation
2
4. INTELLIGENT SENSORS AND WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORKS (Continued)
Typical Examples:
• Cell Phones and Mobile Networking.
• Multi-Criterion, Multi-Path, Robotic SoS.
• Bridges & structural monitoring-seismic measurements/simulations.
• Wide-range motion tracking system for augmented reality applications.
• Gait analysis for athletics, neurological exams, knee replacements, cardio-
vascular health, etc.
• Hand gesture recognition(with acceleration sensing glove) in medical
virtual reality (VR) surgery diadactic and training applications.
• Machinery operation monitoring system.
• Inventory & status check on factory floors.
4
5. INTELLIGENT SENSORS AND WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORKS (Continued)
Typical Examples (continued):
• Monitoring & control of refrigeration in grocery stores.
• Impact measuring for transit audit trail of cargo in freight industry.
• Oil-field pipeline equipment-continuous unattended health monitoring.
Measurement-while-drilling surveying system.
• Inertial navigation/global position system for control feedback in driverless
agricultural equipment.
• Drive-through automobile service stations- check fluids & servicing needs
while refueling or washing vehicle.
5
6. INTELLIGENT CARS & SMART HIGHWAYS
Typical Examples:
• Safety Critical Systems ( e.g. Anti-Lock Braking Systems).
• Electronic Stability Control.
• Rollover Prevention.
• Autonomous Predictive Cruise Control.
• Intelligent Speed Adaptation.
• Lane-change assist.
• Child safety seats to prime airbags based on the child’s weight.
• Drowsy driver detection & prevention.
• Drunk driver detection & prevention.
• Integrated Safety Management.
6
7. 7
Study: Intelligent Cars Could Boost Highway Capacity by 273%
Tue, September 04, 2012 IEEE Spectrum Inside Technology
Highway Capacity Benefits from Using Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication and Sensors for Collision
Avoidance, by Patcharinee Tientrakool, Ya-Chi Ho, and Nicholas F. Maxemchuk from Columbia University,
was presented last year at the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.
8. TELE-HEALTH (WIRELESS HEALTHCARE MONITORING)
Typical Examples:
• Wearable Sensors for monitoring vital body signals: Heart rate, blood
pressure, blood sugar level, cholesterol levels, etc.
• Wireless interface for data transfer to PC, cell-phone, doctors office with
real-time indication of any abnormal behavior and recommended action.
• Kiosks with real-time capability to monitor vital body signs and interact
with individual as well as doctor’s office.
• Provide real-time vital body signs information to coaches in deciding
whether to leave a player in or pull him out (e.g. basketball, football,
boxing and other endurance sports).
• Wirelessly monitor condition of vehicles (tire pressure, engine heat, rpm,
etc.,) to determine servicing schedule.
8
9. Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
What is MEMS ?
• Imagine a machine so small that it is imperceptible to the human eye.
• Imagine working machines with gears no bigger than a grain of pollen.
• Imagine these machines being batch fabricated tens of thousands at a
time, at a cost of only a few pennies each.
• Imagine a realm where the world of design is turned upside down, and the
seemingly impossible suddenly becomes easy – a place where gravity and
inertia are no longer important, but the effects of atomic forces and
surface science dominate.
Source: Sandia National Laboratories, Intelligent Micromachine Initiative (www.mdl.sandia.gov/mcormachine)
9
10. MEMS THE ENGINE OF INNOVATION AND NEW
ECONOMIES
• “These micromachines have the potential to revolutionize the world the
way integrated circuits did”.
Linton Salmon, National Science Foundation
• “Micromachining technology has the potential to change the world in
some very important ways, many of which are not possible to foresee at
this time, in the same way that standard IC technology has so
revolutionized our lives and economies”.
Ray Stata, Chairman and CEO, Analog Devices, Inc.
10
11. MEMS TECHNOLOGY
• Creates Integrated Electromechanical Systems that merge computing with
sensing and actuation.
• Mechanical components have dimensions in microns and numbers in
millions.
• Uses materials and processes of semiconductor electronics.
• Wide applications in commercial, industrial and medical systems :
Automobiles
Wearable Sensors to Monitor Vital Biological Functions
Cell Phones
Printers
GPS/Navigation Systems etc.,
Key Characteristics: Miniaturization (small size and weight), Multiplicity
(batch processing), Microelectronics, Small Cost, High Reliability.
11
12. APPLICATIONS OF MEMS
Inertial Measurement:
Automotive Safety
Aircraft Navigation
Platform Stabilization
Personal/Vehicle Navigation
Distributed Sensing and Control:
Condition-Based Maintenance
Situational Awareness
Miniature Analytic Instruments
Environmental Monitoring
Biomedical Devices
Active Structures
Information Technology:
Mass Data Storage & Displays
12
13. APPLICATIONS OF MEMS
Automotive: Industrial:
Yaw Sensors Factory Automation
Gyroscopes Office Automation
Accelerometers Process Control
Airbag Sensors
Telecommunications : Medical:
Antenna Stabilization Blood Analysis
GPS/Navigation DNA Analysis
Wireless Communication Virtual Reality
13
14. NANOTECHNOLOGY
The NNI defines Nanotechnology as consisting of all of the
following:
• Research & technology development at the 1-to-100nm range.
• Creating & using structures that have novel properties because of their
small size.
• Ability to control/manipulate at atomic scale.
Reference: Nanotechnology for Dummies by Richard Booker and Earl Boysen, Wiley Publishing, Inc.
14
15. NANOTECHNOLOGY (Continued)
KEY Elements of Nanotechnology:
• Buckyball- A soccer-ball shaped molecule made of 60 carbon atoms.
Applications: Composite reinforcement, drug delivery.
• Carbon Nanotube: A sheet of graphite rolled into a tube. Applications:
Composite reinforcement, conductive wire, fuel cells, high-resolution
displays.
• Quantum Dot: A semiconductor nanocrystal whose electrons show discrete
energy levels, much like an atom. Applications: Medical imaging, energy-
efficient light bulbs.
• Nanoshell: A nanoparticle composed of a silica core surrounded by a gold
coating. Applications: Medical imaging, cancer therapy.
Reference: Nanotechnology for Dummies by Richard Booker and Earl Boysen, Wiley Publishing, Inc.
15
17. NANOTECHNOLOGY (Continued)
Typical Applications of Nanotechnology:
• Single-electron transistor (SET): Uses a single electron to indicate whether
it represents a 1 or a 0, thereby greatly reducing the energy required to run
a processor and limiting the heat levels generated during operation.
• Magnetic random-access memory (MRAM): Non-volatile electronic
memory that is faster & uses less energy than conventional Dynamic RAM.
• Spintronics: “Spin-based electronics,” uses electron’s spin & its charge to
represent binary 1s & 0s.
• Quantum Computing: Unlike a conventional computer it uses quantum
mechanical properties of superposition & entanglement to perform
operations on data & will rely on probability (in effect, “it is highly likely
that the answer is….”). The QC will run in parallel, performing many
operations at once.
Reference: Nanotechnology for Dummies by Richard Booker and Earl Boysen, Wiley Publishing, Inc.
17
18. NANOTECHNOLOGY (Continued)
Typical Applications of Nanotechnology (contd)
• Quantum cryptography: Based on traditional key-based crypt., using
unique properties of quantum mechanics to provide a secure key exchange.
• Photonic crystals: Nano crystals that guide photons according to structural
properties (optical router for Internet info. exchange).
• Other: Cell phones with longer battery life, smaller & more accurate GPS,
faster & smaller computers, smaller & more efficient memory, smart
materials, fast & accurate DNA fingerprinting, medical diagnostics & drug
delivery, etc.
Reference: Nanotechnology for Dummies by Richard Booker and Earl Boysen, Wiley Publishing, Inc.
18
19. 19
Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems
●Electromagnetic devices operate by passing an electric current through a wire.
● Works extremely well in large scale but fails in the small scale (limits
miniaturization). Like water flowing through a pipe, as wire diameter decreases,
so does amount of current flowing through it, limiting the ability to create and
control electromagnetic energy.
The NSF-funded multimillion-dollar program, based on a new approach to
electronics, could lead to tiny devices once considered fantasy
20. 20
●TANMS seeks to solve this problem by taking advantage of multiferroic {1}
materials, which use electric fields to intrinsically switch the magnetic state of a
material, similar to switching a light bulb on and off.
●The grant, worth up to $35 million over 10 years, will fund a new center
headquartered at UCLA's School of Engineering & Applied Science.
● Research aimed at developing highly efficient and powerful electromagnetic
systems roughly the size of a biological cell — systems that can power a range of
devices, from miniaturized consumer electronics and technologies important for
national security to as-yet unimagined machines, like nanoscale submarines that
can navigate through the human blood stream.
"TANMS could spur a true paradigm shift for new devices that were once
thought of as science fiction but now appear just over the horizon," Vijay K.
Dhir, dean of UCLA Engineering.
{1} Multiferroics have been defined as materials that exhibit more than one primary ferroic order parameter
(ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, ferroelasticity, ferrotoroidicity (?)simultaneously (i.e. in a single phase).
21. CLEAN TECHNOLOGY (Cleantech)
Typical Applications of Cleantech:
• Alternate energy sources: solar, wind, etc.
• Fuel cells
• Smart grid : Architecture, sensors, software, middleware, interface, etc.
• Smart meters: Monitoring, comparing, optimizing.
21
22. ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION
Expected Advances:
• Advances in artificial intelligence and soft computing techniques (artificial
neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, etc.,) will permit robots
and advanced machines to better deal with chaos and uncertainty.
• Intelligent sensors, actuators and signal processing will provide robots and
machines with unprecedented capabilities and accuracies.
• Advances in wireless sensor networks and system of systems technologies
will allow robots and machines to work in teams to accomplish higher level
tasks.
22
23. ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (Continued)
Typical Applications:
• Robotic system of systems applications:
Search and rescue
Search and destroy
Fire detection and prevention
Biological threat detection
Chemical spill/threat detection
• Medical instrumentation
• Assistive and rehabilitative applications
• Home automation and applications
• Factory and industrial automation
23
25. CONCLUDING REMARKS
• Technology will change our lives and the way we conduct our day to day
activities.
• Major technological breakthroughs will be interdisciplinary & occur at the
fringes of classical disciplines (e.g. bio-info-nanotechnology).
• Engineers, scientists & technologists will need to be trained with depth as
well as breadth.
• Learning to work in teams will be of paramount importance.
• Verbal & written communication skills will be indispensible.
• Cost effective & efficient manufacturing techniques & processes will play a
pivotal role in determining whether a technology is merely a laboratory
curiosity or whether it can be commercialized.
• Mass Customization
• Technology will affect our future in as yet unimagined ways.
• The best way to predict the future is to invent it.
25