1. The document discusses continuous delivery which is the practice of automating the process of shipping code changes to production frequently by integrating testing into the deployment pipeline.
2. It recommends automating acceptance tests, deploying to production whenever code is ready, and having multiple versions deployed to allow quick switching of code.
3. Challenges discussed include the expense of manual operations, fixing requirements, changing environments, and handling hotfixes and rollbacks. The document provides examples of handling schema changes incrementally.