Troubles for Jefferson
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The document summarizes the history of Barbary pirates who operated from North Africa between the 11th and 19th centuries. They attacked ships in western Europe and along the coast of Africa, capturing thousands of European slaves for the slave markets. Notable pirates included Jean Lafitte who established an illegal slave smuggling operation in New Orleans, and Blackbeard who patrolled the Caribbean from 1713 to 1718 when he was killed. To avoid capture, Americans had to pay fees to the Barbary states or avoid pirate-controlled waters in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic.
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The Atlantic Proletariat”U.S. Labor and Work - 201Week 2P.docx
The “Atlantic Proletariat”
U.S. Labor and Work - 201
Week 2
Prof. Brucher
What does “Proletariat” mean?
From the Latin proletarius: a person having no wealth or property and only served the state by producing offspring.
By the mid-17th century “proletarian” and “proletariat” were used in English to describe common workers.
Today, these terms are used to describe the working class in broad terms.
Why call it the“Atlantic Proletariat”?
Social historians argue that a wide-ranging group of workers provided the labor necessary for colonial expansion in the Atlantic economy of the Americas from the time of contact between European, African, and Native American Peoples.
Who were the Atlantic Proletariat?
Indentured Servants
Slaves
Dispossessed commoners
Transported felons
Religious radicals
Urban laborers
Soldiers
Sailors
Pirates
Native Americans
Why focus on workers?
Of course, we can look at other factors when studying the Atlantic economy:
Technological advancement and knowledge driving exploration (better sailing ships, navigation methods, etc.).
Agricultural advancement (cultivating crops).
Political developments fuelling expansion and trade (see textbook chapter 1!).
Religious motivations (Spanish, Portuguese, and French Catholic missionaries, English religious dissenters, etc.).
Why focus on workers?
Ordinary workers did the labor that was essential to the rise of the Atlantic economy from the 16th through 19th centuries, which in turn fueled the growth of the modern global economy.
At the same time, many members of the Atlantic Proletariat tried to resist or adapt to conditions that were often brutal, violent, and inhumane.
Processes that help create the Atlantic Proletariat
Expropriation: The seizure of common property used by the many (ordinary people) and put in the hands of the few (governments/kingdoms, colonial corporations). Examples:
Spanish conquistadors seizing lands in the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and South America to create enconmiendas controlled by wealthy Spanish landlords under the Spanish crown.
Wealthy lords enclosing the commons (shared agricultural lands used by poor communities) in Great Britain.
English corporations like the Virginia Company that set up agricultural colonies on the east coast, claiming property for themselves and the English crown.
Processes that help create the Atlantic Proletariat
Exploitation: The act of mistreating someone to benefit from their labor. The work involved in expropriation was particularly exploitative:
Encomiendas: Native Americans forced to work for the Spanish landlords, clearing land and harvesting crops. African slaves later imported to the Spanish colonies.
Enclosing the commons: Poor people kicked people off the land, forcing them to become tenant farmers, move to the cities for work, or become indentured servants in America. Poor people also imprisoned and forced to work; many sent to work as sailors or to work in the Americas.
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Troubles for Jefferson
- 1. Pirates of the Barbary Coast Yo Ho, Yo Ho A Pirate’s Life for me!
- 3. Were Privateers and Muslim Pirates
- 4. Led attacks from the the 11th century to the 19th century
- 6. They went as far as Iceland when comandeering ships
- 7. They mainly attacked ships in western Europe
- 8. Pirates captured and sold Christian slaves at the slave markets in Africa
- 10. Pirates and America (18th Century) 2 ships captured The Dauphin from Philadelphia and the Maria from Boston were seized The ships and cargoes were sold The crew was sold on the slave market When asked why the attacks were occuring the sultan said that it was written in the Koran that all nations who had not acknowledged the prophet were sinners
- 11. Famous Pirates (1700 – 1800) Haitian pirate: Jean Lafitte Operated out of: the port of New Orleans Established the Kingdom of Barataria, which was an illegal slave smuggling business During the War of 1812 he was offered a huge sum of money from the British for letting them use his port
- 12. Famous Pirates in Other Places… The English pirate Blackbeard: Ship: Queen Anne’s Revenge Piracy started in 1713 and ended in 1718 (because he was killed) Another English pirate: Calico Jack Rackham Got his name from the clothes he wore with patterns of brown, white, and black Patrolled the Caribbean from 1718 - 1720
- 13. What Were the Pirates Seizing? Ships Cargoes Loot People Valubles Ship parts Wine
- 14. In Order to Sail Safely… Americans had to pay fees Avoid pirate waters
- 15. The End