The document discusses Philip II of Spain and the growth of the Spanish empire in the 16th century. It summarizes that in 1555, Charles V abdicated in favor of his son Philip II and retired to a monastery. In 1580, Philip II acquired control of Portugal and its global empire. The Philippines were also seized by Spanish forces in Philip's honor in the 1560s. The document also discusses the history of slavery, noting that indentured peasants were generally more productive than slaves. It describes how the slave trade increased dramatically due to European demand starting in 1444.

1. Peoples and Empires Part 2Diego SerratoHistory 140

2. Philip In 1555 Charles V abdicated in favor his son Philip and retired to the remote Spanish monastery of Juste. In 1580 Philip acquired a claim to the kingdom of Portugal and with it the now sprawling Portuguese overseas empire. In 1560’s Spanish forces seized what are now called Philippines in Philip’s honor

3. SlaveryAll empires in history up to the beginning of the nineteenth century were slave-owning societiesSlaves came from all over the Greek and roman worlds, from Syria, Egypt, Dacia, Moesia, Germany, Gaul, and BritainIn medieval Europe, slaves were employed predominantly as agricultural laborers, and they supplemented a largely peasant workforceIndentured peasants were easier to control than slaves and were generally more productive

4. SlaveryAugust 8, 1444, when the first cargo of 235 Africans, taken from what is now Senegal, were put ashore at the Portuguese port of LagosThe slave trade had been endemic within Africa for centuries, but the European increased the demand, and by doing so encouraged African slavers to devastate whole areas and effectively exterminate entire peoples in the African hinterland The European demand for effectively transformed what had been a local commercial practices into the greatest forced migration in human history