Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was the founder and first president of Turkey. He was born in 1881 in Salonika and lost his father at a young age. Atatürk excelled in his military education and career, becoming a successful commander. After World War I, he led Turkey's War of Independence against occupying powers. On October 29, 1923, Atatürk declared the Turkish Republic and instituted radical reforms to modernize the country. He served as Turkey's first president until his death in 1938.
Overview of the Cold War. Adapted from "Cold War in a Global Context" by William J. Tolley, "The Cold War" by T. Sothers and Hugh 07, and "Second Red Scare" by Paul Kitchen.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish army officer and revolutionary statesman who became the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. He led Turkey during its transition from the Ottoman Empire to a modern nation state. As President, he enacted sweeping reforms that modernized Turkey, including the adoption of Western styles of dress, alphabet, and administration. He established a secular democracy and abolished the Ottoman sultanate, caliphate, and sharia law. Atatürk's reforms helped transform Turkey into a secular, modern nation-state. He is still revered in Turkey today as the father of the nation.
The document summarizes three case studies relating to Gramsci's theory of hegemony:
1. A study of civil society in Pakistan found that NGOs face obstacles due to being perceived as carrying a foreign agenda, influenced by Gramscian hegemony.
2. Turkey uses soft power strategies like popular TV shows and combating Islamophobia through media networks to increase its influence as a leader of the Muslim world.
3. Analysis of British media coverage of Prince William and Kate Middleton's wedding found it reinforced British identity and hegemony by presenting aspirational relationships, according to Gramsci's theories.
2013 - 2015 OUR COMMON EUROPEAN ROOTS MEETINGS AND TOPICS
3rd project meeting – 23rd – 28th March 2014 at
Özel Çağ Koleji,
Mersin, Tarsus, Turkey
Topic :“Historical figures: leaders and their conditional factors”.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in 1881 in Thessaloniki, Greece. He became a military officer and fought in World War I, eventually leading the Turkish War of Independence against occupying forces. Atatürk established the Republic of Turkey in 1923 and served as its first president. As president, he modernized Turkey and introduced reforms to separate religion from state affairs and adopt a Western calendar and alphabet. Atatürk's principles of secularism, nationalism, populism, and modernization still guide Turkey today. He is regarded as the founder and hero of modern Turkey.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was the founder and first president of Turkey. He was born in 1881 in Salonika and lost his father at a young age. Atatürk excelled in his military education and career, becoming a successful commander. After World War I, he led Turkey's War of Independence against occupying powers. On October 29, 1923, Atatürk declared the Turkish Republic and instituted radical reforms to modernize the country. He served as Turkey's first president until his death in 1938.
Overview of the Cold War. Adapted from "Cold War in a Global Context" by William J. Tolley, "The Cold War" by T. Sothers and Hugh 07, and "Second Red Scare" by Paul Kitchen.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish army officer and revolutionary statesman who became the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. He led Turkey during its transition from the Ottoman Empire to a modern nation state. As President, he enacted sweeping reforms that modernized Turkey, including the adoption of Western styles of dress, alphabet, and administration. He established a secular democracy and abolished the Ottoman sultanate, caliphate, and sharia law. Atatürk's reforms helped transform Turkey into a secular, modern nation-state. He is still revered in Turkey today as the father of the nation.
The document summarizes three case studies relating to Gramsci's theory of hegemony:
1. A study of civil society in Pakistan found that NGOs face obstacles due to being perceived as carrying a foreign agenda, influenced by Gramscian hegemony.
2. Turkey uses soft power strategies like popular TV shows and combating Islamophobia through media networks to increase its influence as a leader of the Muslim world.
3. Analysis of British media coverage of Prince William and Kate Middleton's wedding found it reinforced British identity and hegemony by presenting aspirational relationships, according to Gramsci's theories.
2013 - 2015 OUR COMMON EUROPEAN ROOTS MEETINGS AND TOPICS
3rd project meeting – 23rd – 28th March 2014 at
Özel Çağ Koleji,
Mersin, Tarsus, Turkey
Topic :“Historical figures: leaders and their conditional factors”.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in 1881 in Thessaloniki, Greece. He became a military officer and fought in World War I, eventually leading the Turkish War of Independence against occupying forces. Atatürk established the Republic of Turkey in 1923 and served as its first president. As president, he modernized Turkey and introduced reforms to separate religion from state affairs and adopt a Western calendar and alphabet. Atatürk's principles of secularism, nationalism, populism, and modernization still guide Turkey today. He is regarded as the founder and hero of modern Turkey.
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a Turkish military officer and revolutionary statesman who served as the first President of Turkey. He led Turkey to become a secular, modern republic after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Ataturk served in the military and fought in several wars before joining the resistance movement for an independent Turkish state. As leader of Turkey, he implemented sweeping reforms to modernize and westernize Turkey, granting new rights and freedoms to women and embracing a secular form of government. Ataturk passed away in 1938 but left a lasting legacy as the founder and champion of modern Turkey through his ideology of Kemalism.
The Cold War began in 1945 after World War 2 and lasted until 1989. It was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc and the US-led Western Bloc due to their opposing ideologies of communism and capitalism. This divide threatened nuclear war as both sides developed powerful weapons, especially nuclear bombs. Underlying causes included tensions between the US and USSR dating back to the 1917 Russian Revolution, as well as disagreements over postwar control of countries like Germany and crises like the Korean War.
The document provides information about the origins and impact of the Cold War. It discusses how after WWII, tensions grew between the Western allies (US, UK, France) and the Soviet Union over the political and economic systems in Eastern Europe. This led to the division of Europe and Germany into capitalist and communist spheres of influence separated by the Iron Curtain. Over time, the US and USSR built up opposing military alliances (NATO and Warsaw Pact) and stockpiles of nuclear weapons in a tense standoff known as the Cold War, which impacted global politics until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: TRUMAN'S CONTAINMENT POLICY. Content: Truman's containment policy, key policy, key terms, containment definition, George Kennan, USA's presidents and the containment policy, human rights vs anti-communism, the X-Article, countering soviet pressure, controversy, Dulles and Nitze, expansion of US military budget.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: AIMS MUSSOLINI FOREIGN POLICYGeorge Dumitrache
Mussolini pursued an aggressive foreign policy in the 1920s and 1930s driven by his egotism and desire to distract Italians from fascism's failures domestically. He had some early successes like occupying Corfu and Fiume that boosted his popularity. However, his invasion of Abyssinia damaged Italy's reputation and his involvement in the Spanish Civil War and alliance with Hitler led to humiliation and defeat. Ultimately, Mussolini's overconfidence in Italy's power led his foreign policy to fail and breed animosity among Italians.
1. After WWII, the US and USSR emerged as rival superpowers competing for global influence, leading to tensions in Europe and the establishment of communist governments in Eastern Europe under Stalin.
2. In response, the US formulated the policy of containment to prevent the spread of communism and provided aid to Greece and Turkey through the Truman Doctrine, marking the beginning of the Cold War.
3. The Cold War escalated with the development of nuclear weapons by both sides and establishment of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
The document discusses various aspects of political culture and participation. It defines political culture as patterns of orientations towards political systems expressed through beliefs, symbols and values. It notes different components and types of political culture. It also discusses three types of political participation and reasons for participation. Further, it examines the concepts of political socialization, national identity, trust, and political efficacy as they relate to democratic political culture. It outlines key influences on political socialization including families, education, media and political culture itself. Finally, it analyzes some foundations of political culture including religions like Christianity, Islam and Confucianism.
The document provides background information on the start of the Cold War following World War II. It describes the rising tension and distrust between the US and Soviet Union, with the US viewing the Soviet Union as a threat. It then outlines several key conflict areas and proxy wars between the two superpowers during the Cold War from 1945 to 1962, including divisions in Germany and Berlin, the Korean War, Iranian coup, and Cuban Revolution.
The document outlines key foreign policy events and strategies during the Eisenhower administration, referred to as "The New Look". It focused on deterring communist expansion through threats of "massive retaliation" using nuclear weapons. This included building up nuclear arsenals and policies like mutual assured destruction. The administration was concerned about the spread of communism in Southeast Asia and used strategies like the Domino Theory and Eisenhower Doctrine to contain it. Several covert CIA operations were also conducted to overthrow communist governments.
The document summarizes the origins and key events of the Cold War between the USA and USSR from 1945-1949. It provides context on the ideological differences between capitalism and communism. It also outlines four perspectives from historians on what caused the rivalry, including disagreement over whether the USA or USSR was primarily responsible. Key events that exacerbated tensions included the Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe, the Truman Doctrine, development of nuclear weapons, and division of Germany and Korea along ideological lines.
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1947 to 1991. It involved periods of rivalry, conflicts through proxy wars, and efforts at diplomacy. Key events included the division of Germany and Berlin after WWII, the Korean War, Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and decolonization movements supported by both superpowers to weaken European colonial powers. While never directly fighting each other, the US and USSR engaged in an arms race, ideological battles, and conflicts by backing opposing sides in regional wars throughout the world.
The 1960 presidential election was between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon. It was the first election to feature televised debates, which Kennedy won due to his charisma and appearance compared to Nixon, who appeared pale from illness. Kennedy also gained support from African Americans when he called Martin Luther King Jr. after King's arrest, helping him narrowly defeat Nixon in one of the closest elections in history.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish military officer and revolutionary statesman who served as the first President of Turkey. He led the Turkish War of Independence which resulted in the abolition of the Ottoman Empire and the founding of the Republic of Turkey in its place. As president, he enacted reforms to modernize Turkey based on Western models of secularism, nationalism, and mass education. He is regarded as the founder of modern Turkey due to his instrumental role in securing Turkey's sovereignty and presiding over sweeping reforms that transformed the new republic into a modern nation-state.
Human or fundamental rights include freedom of expression, which allows the free dissemination of ideas. After World War II, the UN was formed to protect these rights, including freedom of expression as defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. However, some governments still repress this right, such as in China where dissent is not allowed. In Spain, recent austerity measures have led to many protests, but the government is trying to curb this by police abuse against demonstrators and plans to strengthen repressive legislation.
Japan ruled Korea from 1910 to 1945. After World War II, the Allies divided Korea along the 38th parallel, with the Soviet Union occupying the north and the United States occupying the south. In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, launching the Korean War. After early successes by North Korea, UN forces led by General MacArthur launched a surprise invasion at Inchon and drove North Korean forces north. However, China later entered the war on North Korea's side, pushing UN forces back south. An armistice in 1953 ended the fighting along the original border at the 38th parallel, dividing Korea into two opposing sides that remain to this day.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 10 of Essentials of Sociology regarding ethnicity and race. It defines ethnicity as referring to the distinct cultural norms of a social group, including shared history, religion, ancestry, language, and sense of destiny. Race is defined as an externally imposed system of social categorization based on physical characteristics. Racialization is the actual imposition of a racial schema on a society. Racism involves prejudice and discrimination based on physical differences. The document then discusses models of ethnic coexistence in the US, global migration trends, and how to see racial and ethnic inequality in areas like education, income, and wealth.
The Cold War was an ideological struggle between capitalist democracy led by the US and communist authoritarianism led by the USSR from 1945 to 1991. Each sought global influence through alliances, aid, and propaganda, dividing the world into two hostile camps without direct military conflict. Nationalism and imperialism differed from traditional forms, focusing on loyalty to ideologies and using influence rather than colonies. Both superpowers spread their spheres of influence while fearing encirclement and revolution from the other.
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a Turkish military officer and revolutionary statesman who served as the first President of Turkey. He led Turkey to become a secular, modern republic after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Ataturk served in the military and fought in several wars before joining the resistance movement for an independent Turkish state. As leader of Turkey, he implemented sweeping reforms to modernize and westernize Turkey, granting new rights and freedoms to women and embracing a secular form of government. Ataturk passed away in 1938 but left a lasting legacy as the founder and champion of modern Turkey through his ideology of Kemalism.
The Cold War began in 1945 after World War 2 and lasted until 1989. It was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc and the US-led Western Bloc due to their opposing ideologies of communism and capitalism. This divide threatened nuclear war as both sides developed powerful weapons, especially nuclear bombs. Underlying causes included tensions between the US and USSR dating back to the 1917 Russian Revolution, as well as disagreements over postwar control of countries like Germany and crises like the Korean War.
The document provides information about the origins and impact of the Cold War. It discusses how after WWII, tensions grew between the Western allies (US, UK, France) and the Soviet Union over the political and economic systems in Eastern Europe. This led to the division of Europe and Germany into capitalist and communist spheres of influence separated by the Iron Curtain. Over time, the US and USSR built up opposing military alliances (NATO and Warsaw Pact) and stockpiles of nuclear weapons in a tense standoff known as the Cold War, which impacted global politics until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: TRUMAN'S CONTAINMENT POLICY. Content: Truman's containment policy, key policy, key terms, containment definition, George Kennan, USA's presidents and the containment policy, human rights vs anti-communism, the X-Article, countering soviet pressure, controversy, Dulles and Nitze, expansion of US military budget.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: AIMS MUSSOLINI FOREIGN POLICYGeorge Dumitrache
Mussolini pursued an aggressive foreign policy in the 1920s and 1930s driven by his egotism and desire to distract Italians from fascism's failures domestically. He had some early successes like occupying Corfu and Fiume that boosted his popularity. However, his invasion of Abyssinia damaged Italy's reputation and his involvement in the Spanish Civil War and alliance with Hitler led to humiliation and defeat. Ultimately, Mussolini's overconfidence in Italy's power led his foreign policy to fail and breed animosity among Italians.
1. After WWII, the US and USSR emerged as rival superpowers competing for global influence, leading to tensions in Europe and the establishment of communist governments in Eastern Europe under Stalin.
2. In response, the US formulated the policy of containment to prevent the spread of communism and provided aid to Greece and Turkey through the Truman Doctrine, marking the beginning of the Cold War.
3. The Cold War escalated with the development of nuclear weapons by both sides and establishment of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
The document discusses various aspects of political culture and participation. It defines political culture as patterns of orientations towards political systems expressed through beliefs, symbols and values. It notes different components and types of political culture. It also discusses three types of political participation and reasons for participation. Further, it examines the concepts of political socialization, national identity, trust, and political efficacy as they relate to democratic political culture. It outlines key influences on political socialization including families, education, media and political culture itself. Finally, it analyzes some foundations of political culture including religions like Christianity, Islam and Confucianism.
The document provides background information on the start of the Cold War following World War II. It describes the rising tension and distrust between the US and Soviet Union, with the US viewing the Soviet Union as a threat. It then outlines several key conflict areas and proxy wars between the two superpowers during the Cold War from 1945 to 1962, including divisions in Germany and Berlin, the Korean War, Iranian coup, and Cuban Revolution.
The document outlines key foreign policy events and strategies during the Eisenhower administration, referred to as "The New Look". It focused on deterring communist expansion through threats of "massive retaliation" using nuclear weapons. This included building up nuclear arsenals and policies like mutual assured destruction. The administration was concerned about the spread of communism in Southeast Asia and used strategies like the Domino Theory and Eisenhower Doctrine to contain it. Several covert CIA operations were also conducted to overthrow communist governments.
The document summarizes the origins and key events of the Cold War between the USA and USSR from 1945-1949. It provides context on the ideological differences between capitalism and communism. It also outlines four perspectives from historians on what caused the rivalry, including disagreement over whether the USA or USSR was primarily responsible. Key events that exacerbated tensions included the Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe, the Truman Doctrine, development of nuclear weapons, and division of Germany and Korea along ideological lines.
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1947 to 1991. It involved periods of rivalry, conflicts through proxy wars, and efforts at diplomacy. Key events included the division of Germany and Berlin after WWII, the Korean War, Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and decolonization movements supported by both superpowers to weaken European colonial powers. While never directly fighting each other, the US and USSR engaged in an arms race, ideological battles, and conflicts by backing opposing sides in regional wars throughout the world.
The 1960 presidential election was between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon. It was the first election to feature televised debates, which Kennedy won due to his charisma and appearance compared to Nixon, who appeared pale from illness. Kennedy also gained support from African Americans when he called Martin Luther King Jr. after King's arrest, helping him narrowly defeat Nixon in one of the closest elections in history.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish military officer and revolutionary statesman who served as the first President of Turkey. He led the Turkish War of Independence which resulted in the abolition of the Ottoman Empire and the founding of the Republic of Turkey in its place. As president, he enacted reforms to modernize Turkey based on Western models of secularism, nationalism, and mass education. He is regarded as the founder of modern Turkey due to his instrumental role in securing Turkey's sovereignty and presiding over sweeping reforms that transformed the new republic into a modern nation-state.
Human or fundamental rights include freedom of expression, which allows the free dissemination of ideas. After World War II, the UN was formed to protect these rights, including freedom of expression as defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. However, some governments still repress this right, such as in China where dissent is not allowed. In Spain, recent austerity measures have led to many protests, but the government is trying to curb this by police abuse against demonstrators and plans to strengthen repressive legislation.
Japan ruled Korea from 1910 to 1945. After World War II, the Allies divided Korea along the 38th parallel, with the Soviet Union occupying the north and the United States occupying the south. In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, launching the Korean War. After early successes by North Korea, UN forces led by General MacArthur launched a surprise invasion at Inchon and drove North Korean forces north. However, China later entered the war on North Korea's side, pushing UN forces back south. An armistice in 1953 ended the fighting along the original border at the 38th parallel, dividing Korea into two opposing sides that remain to this day.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 10 of Essentials of Sociology regarding ethnicity and race. It defines ethnicity as referring to the distinct cultural norms of a social group, including shared history, religion, ancestry, language, and sense of destiny. Race is defined as an externally imposed system of social categorization based on physical characteristics. Racialization is the actual imposition of a racial schema on a society. Racism involves prejudice and discrimination based on physical differences. The document then discusses models of ethnic coexistence in the US, global migration trends, and how to see racial and ethnic inequality in areas like education, income, and wealth.
The Cold War was an ideological struggle between capitalist democracy led by the US and communist authoritarianism led by the USSR from 1945 to 1991. Each sought global influence through alliances, aid, and propaganda, dividing the world into two hostile camps without direct military conflict. Nationalism and imperialism differed from traditional forms, focusing on loyalty to ideologies and using influence rather than colonies. Both superpowers spread their spheres of influence while fearing encirclement and revolution from the other.
Yaratici fikir geliştirme bir sürectir, bu sürecin de kendine göre farklı yöntemleri vardır. Bu süreçle ilgili Erol batislam'la hazırladıgım eski bir sunum. İçeriğin büyük kısmı konusunda Erol Batislam'a teşekkür etmeyi unutmayın ;) http://batislam.blogspot.com/
Marilyn Monroe had a tragic childhood growing up without her father and with a mentally ill mother. She became one of Hollywood's most famous actresses in the 1940s-1960s, starring in 29 films. Monroe began her career as a model and changed her name from Norma Jean Mortenson to Marilyn Monroe. She had a varied love life, marrying baseball player Joe DiMaggio in 1954 and playwright Arthur Miller in 1956. Monroe died at age 36 in 1962 from an overdose of sleeping pills, though some believe her death may have been connected to her relationships with the Kennedy brothers.
The document discusses Kapferer's Brand Identity Prism model, which represents brand identity using a six-sided prism. The six sides are: physique, personality, culture, relationship, reflection, and self-image. It then applies the model to analyze the brand identities of Adidas and Nike, comparing their physiques, personalities, cultures, reflections, and how consumers see themselves in relation to the brands.
Günümüzde geri bıraktırılmış ülkelerde en gözde sanat sinemadır. Çelişkilerin gittikçe koyulaştığı, derinleştiği bu gibi ülkelerde sinema, özünde taşıdığı dinamik nitelikleriyle öteki sanatların, hepsinden daha güçlü bir şekilde, yaşanan anı kavrar, yorumlar ve yansıtır. Aynı zamanda sinema, emperyalizmin bozduğu yozlaştırdığı halk kültür ve sanatım yeniden güçlendirecek bir kurtarıcıdır geri bıraktırılmış ülke sanatçıları için. Bunun anlamı, halk kültürünü yozlaştırmada ve insanları koyu bir yabancılaş manın içine atmada başta gelen bir araç olan sinemanın tersine bir eylem için başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceği inancıdır. Brezilya’lı yönetmen Glauber Rocha’dan, Senegal’li yönetmen Osman Sembene’ye kadar pek çok sanatçı bu nedenle sinemanın ülkeleri için biçilmiş kaftan olduğunu söylemektedir. Aynı şey Türkiye için de geçerlidir. Bir sinema dergisinin fonksiyonu ise bu tür ülkelerde hele kısa dönemde çok azdır. GERÇEK SİNEMA’nın amacı bütün sanat ve edebiyat dergilerinde olduğu gibi, çok sınırlı bir okuyucu kitlesine, hem Türkiye’de şimdiye kadar yapılan ve yapılmakta olan sinema tartışmalarını yansıtmak, hem de özellikle geri bıraktırılmış ülke sinemacılarının tonlu yada bireysel çabalarını ileterek Türkiye’de yapılacak sinema çalış- malarına elden geldiğince katkıda bulunmaktır.
GERÇEK SİNEMA, belge toplayıcı bir dergi olmaktan çok tartış macı bir dergi olacak ve sinema alanında nadir görülen nesnel eleştiri anlayışım canlandırmaya çalışacaktır. Derginin toplumsal gerçekçi sanat kuramını izleyeceği açıktır.
Her sezonda olduğu gibi bu sezonda da TV kanalları, varolan dizilerinin devamına veya sonlanmasına karar vererek, yayın günlerini değiştirerek, yeni prodüksiyonlarla anlaşarak veya ithal ederek yayın akışını en rekabetçi hale getirmek, en geniş kitlelerce izlenmek için düzenlemeler yapıyor.
Önümüzdeki günlerde ve haftalarda değişme ihitmali olsa da, TV kanallarının yeni sezondaki dizilerini, ilk yayın günlerini, yeni başlayan dizilerin özet açıklamalarını ve tanıtım fragmanlarını derledik.
Keyifli okumalar...
GERÇEK SİNEMA bugüne değin çıkan ve çıkmakta
olan bazı «idare-i maslahatçı» dergilerin dışında toplumcu
gerçekçi kültür ve sinemayı yaymak, benimsetmek amaç
ve işleviyle ikinci sayısı ile karşınızda.
GERÇEK SİNEMA kesinkes bir kadro dergisi değildir.
Türkiye’nin sosyo - ekonomik ve kültürel sorunlarım
nesnel bir biçimde kavramış, toplumcu gerçekçiliğin ezilen
ve sömürülenlerle, okur ve izleyiciyle, sanatçı ve düşünürlerle
«dünyayı değiştirmek» yöntemi olduğunu bilen, yoz
burjuva kültürüne karşı toplumcu gerçekçi kültürü savunan
kişilerin, siz okurların dergisidir.
GERÇEK SİNEMA geri bıraktırılmış bir ülkenin dü
şün ve eylem savaşçılarıyla toplumcu gerçekçi kültür ve
sinemanın oluşturulması için cmuz omuzadır. Halkın ger
çek sinemasından, fotoğrafmdan yanadır. Bu erekle yayı
nını sürdürecektik Başta «sansür» clmak üzere tüm gerici
kuruluşlara, doğal olarak tüm gerici düşüncelere karşıdır.
Toplumcu gerçekçi kültür için... nesnel eleştiri için
GERÇEK SİNEMA.
1. TÜRKİYE SİNEMASI TARİHİ
19. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Paris´te ilk
sinematograf gösterimlerinin
başlamasından birkaç yıl sonra Türkiye
´ye de gelmiştir. 1914 yılında Fuat
Uzkınay´ın çektiği "Ayastefanos´taki
Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı" isimli belgesel
film, ilk Türk filmi olarak kabul
edilmektedir.
2. Sinema Dilinin Gelişmesi ;
Tiyatro etkilerinden kurtulup sinema dilinin
gerçekleştirilebildiği film çalışmaları, 1950´li
yıllara doğru Lütfü Akad ile başlamıştır.
Bu yıllardan başlayarak Metin Erksan, Halit
Refiğ, Ertem Göreç, Duygu Sağıroğlu, Nevzat
Pesen ve Memduh Ün gibi yönetmenler daha
çok toplumsal sorunlara yönelerek başarılı
filmler üretmişlerdir.
3. 1910 - 1930 Dönemi
I.Dünya Savaşı´nın başladığı günlerde
yedek subaylığını yapan Fuat Uzkınay,
Türk sinema tarihinin ilk filmini çeker.
Ayastefanos´taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı
adını taşıyan ve tarihi anısı olan bu film,
150 metre uzunluğunda bir belgeseldir. Ve
işte 14 Kasım 1914´le Türk sinemasının
tarihi başlar.
4.
5. 1917’ de Sedat Simavi’nin çektiği Pençe
ve Casus filmleri Türk sinemasında
senaryoya bağlı kalınarak çekilen ilk
filmlerdir.
1923’ te Türk sinemasında bir dönem tek
adam olarak nitelendirilen “Muhsin
Ertuğrul” dönemi başlar.Muhsin Ertuğrul
1943’e kadar etkili olur.
6.
7. YEŞİLÇAM DÖNEMİ(1950 – 1980)
1950’li yıllar döneminin en ilginç özelliklerinden
biri, piyasa romanı olarak adlandırılan
romanların filme çekilmesidir.
Türk sineması bu dönemde birkaç istisnanın
dışında içi boş öyküler, hiçbir kalıcı sinema
dili olmayan fotokopi gibi çoğaltılmış
senaryolarla romanlardan aşırılmış repliklerle,
yeteneksiz oyuncu ve yönetmenlerin yer aldığı
bir komedi, bazen de bir acıklı melodrama
benzer.
8. Vasıflı birkaç yönetmen dışında çoğu sinemacı,
yıldız sistemine dayanan ve seyircinin
duygularına hitap ederek sadece vakit
geçirtmeyi amaçlayan bir sinema kültürü
oluşturdular.
Filmin iyi bir gişe yapmasının en kolay yolu,
başarılı olmuş filmlerin taklit edilmesiydi.
Kötü kalpli zenginler, temiz kalpli yoksul kızlar ve
delikanlılar, namus uğruna işlenen cinayetler,
kötü yola düşmüş ama altın kalpli kadınlar, gibi
klişeler git gide yerleşti. Bu dönemdeki filmleri
izleyenler o yılların Türkiye'si hakkında filmlerde,
filmin çekildiği yerin görüntüleri dışında hiçbir
şey bulamazlar.
9. Yeşilçam Sinemasında Türler;
Kopya melodramlar
Tarihi olayları işleyen kahramanlık filmleri
Dini duygulara seslenen filmler
Yoksulluk ve diğer sıkıntıları öne çıkartan
yapımlar
Köy ve töre filmleri
Süpermen, Zagor,Tommiks, Tarzan,
Batman gibi yabancı çizgi roman ve
Western uyarlamaları.
12. 1960’LAR SONRASI TÜRK SİNEMASI
Yılmaz GÜNEY(1937-1984)
114 filmde oyunculuk yapan Güney, bu filmlerin 64
tanesinin senaryosunu yazmış, 15 filmin yapımcılığını
üstlenmiş, 26 filmin de yönetmenliğini yapmıştır.
Kabadayılık ve kavganın ağırlıkta olduğu bu filmlerde
canlandırdığı ezilen, itilen, ama yazgısını kabul etmeyen;
baskı ve kötülüğe karşı tek başına direnip mücadele
eden “Dürüst Anadolu Çocuğu” tipiyle büyük ün kazandı.
Özellikle, bu tiplerle kolayca özdeşleşen Anadolu
izleyicisi tarafından çok tutuldu ve aranan bir aktör olarak
kendini kabul ettirdi.
13.
14. Yılmaz Güney;
Filmlerinden birinin de adı olan “Çirkin Kral”
adıyla anılmaya başladığı bu dönemde, öyküsü
kendisine ait olan, Lütfü Akad'ın ''Hudutların
Kanunu'' filmindeki oyunculuğuyla Türk
sinemasında yeni bir oyuncu tipini yarattı.
Bu dönemde çektiği “Umut”, Yılmaz Güney
sinemasında “bir dönemi kapayıp yepyeni bir
dönem açarken” aynı zamanda Türk sinema
tarihinin de başyapıtları arasında yer aldı.
15. Yılmaz Güney;
Cezaevindeyken sinemayla olan ilişkisini,
ince ayrıntılarına kadar yazıp oluşturduğu
senaryolarla sürdürdü. Bunlardan, Zeki
Ökten tarafından yönetilen “Sürü”, yurt
içinde ve yurt dışında çok sayıda ödül
kazandı. ''Düşman'' yine Zeki Ökten
tarafından, ''Yol'' ise Şerif Gören
tarafından çekildi.
16.
17.
18. Ertem Eğilmez
Güldürü filmleri türünde ilginç filmler çekti.
1970’lere kadar aşk filmleri çekti,sonraları
Türk sinemasında komedinin en iyi
örnekleri verdi.
Arzu Film adına yönettiği Metin Akpınar-
Zeki Alasya, Münir Özkul, Adile Naşit,
Şener Şen ve Kemal Sunal gibi kalabalık
bir ekiple çektiği filmlerinde geleneksel
ortaoyunumuzun izleri vardır.
21. Modern Türkiye Sinemasında
Yönetmenler
Zeki DEMİRKUBUZ
Nuri Bilge CEYLAN
Reha Erdem
Onur ÜNLÜ
Semih KAPLANOĞLU
Ümit ÜNAL
İnan TEMELKURAN
Fatih AKIN
Çağan IRMAK
Yeşim USTAOĞLU
22.
23. Zeki DEMİRKUBUZ
Zeki Demirkubuz 1964 yılında Isparta'da doğdu.
1980 darbesinden sonra tutuklanıp üç yıl hapis
yattı.
Bu dönemde edebiyata ilgi duymaya başlayıp,
Dostoyevski'yi keşfetti. Özellikle Suç ve Ceza'nın
üzerindeki kalıcı etkileri o yıllarda oluştu.
Sinemaya 1986 yılında Zeki Ökten'in
asistanlığını yaparak başladı.
29. Nuri Bilge CEYLAN
1959 da İstanbul’da doğdu.
Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi’nde iki yıl
sinema eğitimi gördü.
Aynı zamanda fotoğrafçıdır.
Filmleri bazı eleştirmenler tarafından fotoğraf
sineması olarak adlandırılmaktadır.
Filmlerinde olabildiğince az diyalog vardır.
Filmlerindeki diyalog azlığının gerçekliği
pekiştirdiğini düşünmektedir.
36. Reha ERDEM
1960 yılında İstanbul’da doğdu.
Paris'te Sinema ve Plastik Sanatlar
bölümünü bitirdi.
Aynı zamanda reklamcıdır.
Tüm filmlerinin senaryolarını kendisi
yazmıştır.
Filmlerinin konuları genellikle psikolojik ve
fantastiktir.
37. Filmleri;
Şarkı Söyleyen Kadınlar (2012)
Jin (2012)
Kosmos(2009)
Hayat Var (2008)
Ekim de hiçbir kere (2006)
Beş Vakit (2006)
Korkuyorum Anne (2004)
Kaç Para Kaç (1998)
A ay (1988)
38.
39.
40.
41.
42. Onur ÜNLÜ
1973 yılında İzmit'te doğdu.
Marmara Üniversitesi iletişim bilimleri anabilim
dalında yüksek lisansını tamamladı.
Bütün filmlerinin senaryolarını kendisi kaleme
almıştır.
Kendine özgü film temaları vardır.
Bu temaları bazı eleştirmenler tarafından absürt
naturalizm olarak adlandırılmaktadır.
Ancak kendisi filmlerini kara mizah olarak
nitelendirmektedir.
49. Semih KAPLANOĞLU
1963’ de İzmir’de doğmuştur.
60. Berlin Film Festivalinde “bal” filmi en iyi film
seçildi ve Altın Ayı ödülünü aldı.
Yumurta,Süt ve Bal yusuf üçlemesidir.
Fimleri;
Bal(2010)
Süt(2008)
Yumurta(2007)
Meleğin Düşüşü(2005)
Herkes kendi evinde (2001)
50.
51.
52. İnan TEMELKURAN
1976 İzmir doğumludur.
İspanya’da sinema eğitimi almıştır.
Filmleri;
Made in Europa(2007)
Bornova Bornova (2009)
53.
54.
55.
56. Fatih AKIN
1973 Hamburg doğumludur.
Filmlerini Türkiye ve Almanya’da
çekmektedir.
Duvara Karşı filmi Berlin Film Festivalinde
en iyi film seçilmiştir.
Cannes Film festivalinde Yaşamın
Kıyısında filmiyle en iyi senaryo ödülünü
almıştır.
57. Filmleri;
1998: Kurz und schmerzlos
1999: Black Souls (Kısmet)
2000: Im Juli
2002: Solino
2004: Duvara Karşı
2004: Europäische Visionen
2005: Kebab Connection
2007: Auf der anderen Seite
2008: Chiko
2009: Soul Kitchen
2009: New York I Love You (yönetmen ve senarist)
58.
59.
60. Çağan IRMAK
4 Nisan 1970 tarihinde İzmir'de doğdu.
Birçok dizi yazdı ve yönetti.
Filmleri;
Dedemin İnsanları (2011)
Prensesin Uykusu (2010)
Karanlıktakiler (2009)
Issız Adam (2008)
Ulak (2007)
Babam ve Oğlum (2005)
Mustafa Hakkında Her şey (2004)
Bana Şans Dile (2001)
Çilekli Pasta (2000)
61.
62.
63.
64. Yeşim USTAOĞLU
1960 Kars doğumludur.
Sinemaya “İz” filmiyle giriş yaptı.
Filmleri;
Güneşe Yolculuk
Bulutları beklerken
Pandora’nın Kutusu
Araf
65.
66.
67. 2007: Bağımsız Sinema Hareketi
Son olarak Türk sinemasında bağımsızlığını ilan eden en
örgütlü, kendi ekibi ve hatta sinema salonu olan
grup Bağımsız Sinema Hareketidir. Bu hareketin film
şirketleri, festivalleri, workshoplar ve eleştirmenlerle iyi
ilişkileri vardır. Özcan Alper'in Sonbahar'ı Hüseyin
Karabey'in Gitmek'i Seyfi Teoman'ın Tatil Kitabı, Seren
Yüce'nin Çoğunluk, Tolga Karaçelik'in Gişe Memuru bu
yeni bağımsız dalga hareketinin filmlerdir.
68. 2007: Bağımsız Sinema Hareketi
Yalnızlaşan ve yabancılaşan bireyi anlatır
Etnik ve sınıfsal farklar öne çıkar
Avrupa destekli film festival fonlarından
yararlanırlar.
