a project report on MPPT algorithm for PV panelgauravchitransh
The document discusses renewable energy sources such as solar power. It notes that solar power has the potential to supplement power in cities and rural areas by harnessing the sun's energy through solar collectors. The document then discusses different renewable energy sources in detail, including wind power, hydropower, biomass, geothermal, and solar power. It also reviews literature on increasing the efficiency of solar panels through maximum power point tracking algorithms and circuit modeling of photovoltaic modules.
This document provides an overview of the economics of solar photovoltaic power systems. It discusses that solar power has high upfront costs but low operating costs. It then describes typical solar PV system components and different PV technologies. The document also provides cost estimates for 100kW grid-tied and hybrid solar PV power plants. It outlines inputs needed for an economic analysis and compares the cash inflows and outflows to determine the payback period. The conclusion is that currently solar plants have a 5-6 year payback, which could improve with lower costs and supportive policies.
According to the document:
1) LED lighting is being widely adopted in India, with plans to deploy 770 million LED bulbs and 35 million streetlights by 2019 to replace conventional lights for energy savings.
2) LED lighting uses less energy and provides longer lifespan than traditional incandescent bulbs. The installation of LED streetlights across India has already saved 295 million kWh of energy annually.
3) Emerging LED lighting technologies include smart connected lights, reduced component counts, improved lumen output using chip scale packaging, and driverless low voltage direct current systems to further reduce energy losses during conversion.
The document discusses a hybrid inverter system that combines solar power and conventional electric power. A hybrid inverter allows energy from solar panels to charge batteries, and includes an AC/DC converter to charge the batteries from a 220VAC supply. The system includes a microcontroller, solar panel, battery storage, relay, switching circuit, and control circuit. It can provide power to multiple loads from both solar energy and the 220VAC supply.
Solar PV-Powered SRM Drive for EVs With Flexible Energy Control Functions Divya Prakash Billa
This document discusses a proposed system for a photovoltaic (PV)-fed hybrid electric vehicle that uses a switched reluctance motor (SRM). It includes a block diagram showing the PV panel, battery bank, and SRM drive connected via a tri-port converter with a fuzzy logic controller. Six operational modes are presented for driving the vehicle using different energy sources or charging the battery while stationary. The system aims to increase the driving range of electric vehicles by harvesting solar energy from the mounted PV panel and integrating multiple energy sources.
a project report on MPPT algorithm for PV panelgauravchitransh
The document discusses renewable energy sources such as solar power. It notes that solar power has the potential to supplement power in cities and rural areas by harnessing the sun's energy through solar collectors. The document then discusses different renewable energy sources in detail, including wind power, hydropower, biomass, geothermal, and solar power. It also reviews literature on increasing the efficiency of solar panels through maximum power point tracking algorithms and circuit modeling of photovoltaic modules.
This document provides an overview of the economics of solar photovoltaic power systems. It discusses that solar power has high upfront costs but low operating costs. It then describes typical solar PV system components and different PV technologies. The document also provides cost estimates for 100kW grid-tied and hybrid solar PV power plants. It outlines inputs needed for an economic analysis and compares the cash inflows and outflows to determine the payback period. The conclusion is that currently solar plants have a 5-6 year payback, which could improve with lower costs and supportive policies.
According to the document:
1) LED lighting is being widely adopted in India, with plans to deploy 770 million LED bulbs and 35 million streetlights by 2019 to replace conventional lights for energy savings.
2) LED lighting uses less energy and provides longer lifespan than traditional incandescent bulbs. The installation of LED streetlights across India has already saved 295 million kWh of energy annually.
3) Emerging LED lighting technologies include smart connected lights, reduced component counts, improved lumen output using chip scale packaging, and driverless low voltage direct current systems to further reduce energy losses during conversion.
The document discusses a hybrid inverter system that combines solar power and conventional electric power. A hybrid inverter allows energy from solar panels to charge batteries, and includes an AC/DC converter to charge the batteries from a 220VAC supply. The system includes a microcontroller, solar panel, battery storage, relay, switching circuit, and control circuit. It can provide power to multiple loads from both solar energy and the 220VAC supply.
Solar PV-Powered SRM Drive for EVs With Flexible Energy Control Functions Divya Prakash Billa
This document discusses a proposed system for a photovoltaic (PV)-fed hybrid electric vehicle that uses a switched reluctance motor (SRM). It includes a block diagram showing the PV panel, battery bank, and SRM drive connected via a tri-port converter with a fuzzy logic controller. Six operational modes are presented for driving the vehicle using different energy sources or charging the battery while stationary. The system aims to increase the driving range of electric vehicles by harvesting solar energy from the mounted PV panel and integrating multiple energy sources.
Electrolytic Hydrogen A Future Technology Of Energy StorageAdhyayDeshmukh
This document is a seminar report on electrolytic hydrogen as a future energy storage technology. It provides an overview of electrolytic hydrogen production through water electrolysis and hydrogen energy storage systems. It discusses the types of electrolyzers used, including alkaline, solid oxide, and polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers. It also covers the need for energy storage in modern power systems, such as for load levelling, peak shaving, and integrating renewable energy sources. The document evaluates the pros and cons of electrolytic hydrogen production and its potential economic benefits compared to conventional energy storage technologies.
The document discusses tidal power generators and is presented by Shubham Dixit. It begins with an introduction on why tidal generators were developed as a renewable energy source with no greenhouse gas emissions. It then describes tides and tidal power, explaining how tides are caused and tidal generators work by installing turbines on the ocean floor that rotate to generate electricity when powered by tidal movements. The document classifies tidal generators into three types - tidal stream generators that use kinetic tidal energy, tidal barrages that use potential tidal energy differences, and dynamic tidal generators involving long coastal dams. It compares advantages like predictability against disadvantages like high costs. Finally, it discusses some existing and proposed tidal power stations and concludes that tidal energy is a promising renewable
In this modern world the dependency on electricity is so much that it has become the part of our life. This is achieved with the help of suitable power generating stations, known as POWER PLANTS.
This document discusses and compares radial and axial ventilation systems for cooling rotating electrical machines. Radial ventilation guides air along the machine housing and through ducts parallel to the core. Axial ventilation uses holes punched in the rotor to direct air along the machine's axis. Both have advantages and disadvantages related to heat transfer uniformity, size, and iron losses. Combined systems can be used for large motors to optimize cooling.
- HVDC circuit breakers allow for the creation of DC grids by interrupting power flows within 5 milliseconds, much faster than previous circuit breakers.
- A hybrid DC-AC grid combines the advantages of both grid types, allowing power transfer between DC and AC segments. This enables integration of diverse renewable energy sources like offshore wind and solar.
- The hybrid grid also has an "islanding mode" which improves reliability by isolating parts of the grid and allowing storage batteries to balance supply and demand when faults occur.
This document discusses electric vehicles and their key components. It begins by defining an electric vehicle as a vehicle powered by an electric motor that draws electricity from an externally chargeable battery. It then describes the major parts of a battery electric vehicle, including the charging port, power converters, traction battery, motor, and power electronics controller. The document also covers electric vehicle parameters like battery capacity, state of charge, range, energy consumption, and motor power. In summary, the document provides an overview of electric vehicles and their basic workings.
The document discusses achieving sustainability through high impact energy efficiency using solar rooftops. It notes that solar rooftops are achieving grid parity due to policy and regulatory support in states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. The document presents case studies on commercial and residential solar rooftop projects in various Indian states and finds internal rates of return for solar rooftop projects in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Maharashtra to be in the range of 13-33% depending on the state and industry.
INNOVATIVE EXERCISE EQUIPMENT FOR ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATIONSangeeth Soman
This document proposes and describes a system to generate electricity from human power generated while cycling. The system involves connecting a generator to the rear wheel of a bicycle so that pedaling provides mechanical input to the generator. The generated AC power is rectified and stored in a battery. An inverter converts the stored DC power back to AC to power equipment like lights while exercising. The system allows electricity to be generated even without sunlight and reduces environmental impacts by lowering emissions.
Functions and performance requirements of excitation systemsRajshekar Naregal
The document discusses synchronous generator excitation systems. It describes how excitation current determines the strength of the magnetic field and induces voltage at the generator terminals. It also explains that voltage regulators increase excitation current to maintain constant voltage as load increases. The main types of excitation systems are DC, AC, and static systems. Digital excitation systems offer advantages like easier processing and high reliability. Components of excitation systems include the exciter, regulator, voltage transducer, power system stabilizer, and protective circuits.
This document discusses hybrid wind-solar power systems. It begins by introducing solar and wind energy individually, including their advantages such as being renewable and clean sources of energy, as well as some disadvantages like unpredictability and high upfront costs. It then describes a hybrid system that combines both solar panels and wind turbines to generate electricity, along with other components like batteries, controllers, and inverters. The document presents a case study of a hybrid system installed in India and finds it generated over 6,000 kWh annually with only 6.66% variation from predictions. In conclusion, hybrid systems are found to perform better than individual wind or solar systems due to their complementary nature.
Designed a complete system of solar cell arrays required for a commercial complex. Researched and derived mathematical equations to install the system using given budget constraints. Made CAD drawings of the arrangement of inverter arrays required for installing the system.
A New Windings Design of 24 Slot Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run Induction Motor IJECEIAES
The conventional method of a single phase induction motor windings design usually constructed the main and auxiliary windings in both slot. So, there was a complicated winding design if that compare to the three-phase induction motor. Because of that, this study was aimed to design a new windings design of a single phase induction motor that construction like a three-phase induction motor. This study was focused to design a 24 slot capacitor-start capacitor-run induction motor. The windings in the motor are divided in 3 group like a three-phase induction motor. The two windings act as a main windings and the other winding act as auxiliary winding. The current rating of the winding of the proposed single-phase induction motor was 2.74A. The performances of the proposed method were compared with the performances of a three-phase induction motor that had the same current rating. The motor used as a comparator was a three-phase induction of 380/220V, 2.74/4.7A, Y/Δ, cage rotor, 4 poles, 1.5 HP, 1400 RPM, 50Hz. The result of this study showed that the proposed design of single phase induction motor could be operated with better performances than the threephase comparator induction motor‟s.
The document summarizes different types of excitation systems used for synchronous generators. It describes the components and operation of static excitation systems, which are now widely used. Static excitation systems provide fast acting voltage control using thyristor bridges and power electronics. They allow high response ratios of 3-5 compared to older systems like DC excitation. The key components of a static excitation system are the rectifier transformer, SCR bridges, excitation start up equipment, field discharge equipment, and regulator/control circuits.
impact of renewable energy sources on power system opeartionVipin Pandey
this presentation is brief description of power system operation with renewable energy sources and their effects on various power system operation and how can they be accessible in system.
In this project, main focus is to develop high power density and high efficiency converter with closed loop control for attaining load and line regulation. Complete converter was simulated in PSIM and implemented hardware in CEERI lab.
MPPT Based Optimal Charge Controller in PV systemMalik Sameeullah
The document presents information on solar photovoltaic systems including the solar power sector in India, types of solar PV systems, the need for charge controllers and maximum power point trackers, solar PV cells and batteries, charge controller models, buck-boost converters, maximum power point tracking models, optimal MPPT controller design, conclusions and future work. It discusses using MPPT algorithms for battery charging in solar PV systems and improving battery charging conditions through slight variations in MPPT design.
This document discusses grid integration challenges with increasing renewable energy and provides solutions. Grid integration of photovoltaics can cause voltage band and thermal limit violations. Traditional solutions involve increasing cable size but new solutions include demand side management, local energy management systems, low voltage transformer tap changing, and reactive power control from inverters. Proper grid planning is now a multi-criteria optimization problem that considers both traditional grid reinforcements and intelligent control solutions.
A grid connected photovoltaic (PV) solar power plant is described. It works by converting sunlight into direct current electricity via solar panels. The electricity is then converted to alternating current by an inverter and fed into the electric grid. When more electricity is produced than needed, it is supplied to the grid. At night or when not producing, power comes from the main grid. There are three main types of solar grids: grid tied without storage, grid interactive with battery storage, and off grid with battery storage. Grid tied systems directly supply the grid, hybrid systems store excess power, and off grid systems are independent of the grid with batteries. Advantages are low operating costs and clean energy production while disadvantages include initial costs and
Electrolytic Hydrogen A Future Technology Of Energy StorageAdhyayDeshmukh
This document is a seminar report on electrolytic hydrogen as a future energy storage technology. It provides an overview of electrolytic hydrogen production through water electrolysis and hydrogen energy storage systems. It discusses the types of electrolyzers used, including alkaline, solid oxide, and polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers. It also covers the need for energy storage in modern power systems, such as for load levelling, peak shaving, and integrating renewable energy sources. The document evaluates the pros and cons of electrolytic hydrogen production and its potential economic benefits compared to conventional energy storage technologies.
The document discusses tidal power generators and is presented by Shubham Dixit. It begins with an introduction on why tidal generators were developed as a renewable energy source with no greenhouse gas emissions. It then describes tides and tidal power, explaining how tides are caused and tidal generators work by installing turbines on the ocean floor that rotate to generate electricity when powered by tidal movements. The document classifies tidal generators into three types - tidal stream generators that use kinetic tidal energy, tidal barrages that use potential tidal energy differences, and dynamic tidal generators involving long coastal dams. It compares advantages like predictability against disadvantages like high costs. Finally, it discusses some existing and proposed tidal power stations and concludes that tidal energy is a promising renewable
In this modern world the dependency on electricity is so much that it has become the part of our life. This is achieved with the help of suitable power generating stations, known as POWER PLANTS.
This document discusses and compares radial and axial ventilation systems for cooling rotating electrical machines. Radial ventilation guides air along the machine housing and through ducts parallel to the core. Axial ventilation uses holes punched in the rotor to direct air along the machine's axis. Both have advantages and disadvantages related to heat transfer uniformity, size, and iron losses. Combined systems can be used for large motors to optimize cooling.
- HVDC circuit breakers allow for the creation of DC grids by interrupting power flows within 5 milliseconds, much faster than previous circuit breakers.
- A hybrid DC-AC grid combines the advantages of both grid types, allowing power transfer between DC and AC segments. This enables integration of diverse renewable energy sources like offshore wind and solar.
- The hybrid grid also has an "islanding mode" which improves reliability by isolating parts of the grid and allowing storage batteries to balance supply and demand when faults occur.
This document discusses electric vehicles and their key components. It begins by defining an electric vehicle as a vehicle powered by an electric motor that draws electricity from an externally chargeable battery. It then describes the major parts of a battery electric vehicle, including the charging port, power converters, traction battery, motor, and power electronics controller. The document also covers electric vehicle parameters like battery capacity, state of charge, range, energy consumption, and motor power. In summary, the document provides an overview of electric vehicles and their basic workings.
The document discusses achieving sustainability through high impact energy efficiency using solar rooftops. It notes that solar rooftops are achieving grid parity due to policy and regulatory support in states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. The document presents case studies on commercial and residential solar rooftop projects in various Indian states and finds internal rates of return for solar rooftop projects in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Maharashtra to be in the range of 13-33% depending on the state and industry.
INNOVATIVE EXERCISE EQUIPMENT FOR ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATIONSangeeth Soman
This document proposes and describes a system to generate electricity from human power generated while cycling. The system involves connecting a generator to the rear wheel of a bicycle so that pedaling provides mechanical input to the generator. The generated AC power is rectified and stored in a battery. An inverter converts the stored DC power back to AC to power equipment like lights while exercising. The system allows electricity to be generated even without sunlight and reduces environmental impacts by lowering emissions.
Functions and performance requirements of excitation systemsRajshekar Naregal
The document discusses synchronous generator excitation systems. It describes how excitation current determines the strength of the magnetic field and induces voltage at the generator terminals. It also explains that voltage regulators increase excitation current to maintain constant voltage as load increases. The main types of excitation systems are DC, AC, and static systems. Digital excitation systems offer advantages like easier processing and high reliability. Components of excitation systems include the exciter, regulator, voltage transducer, power system stabilizer, and protective circuits.
This document discusses hybrid wind-solar power systems. It begins by introducing solar and wind energy individually, including their advantages such as being renewable and clean sources of energy, as well as some disadvantages like unpredictability and high upfront costs. It then describes a hybrid system that combines both solar panels and wind turbines to generate electricity, along with other components like batteries, controllers, and inverters. The document presents a case study of a hybrid system installed in India and finds it generated over 6,000 kWh annually with only 6.66% variation from predictions. In conclusion, hybrid systems are found to perform better than individual wind or solar systems due to their complementary nature.
Designed a complete system of solar cell arrays required for a commercial complex. Researched and derived mathematical equations to install the system using given budget constraints. Made CAD drawings of the arrangement of inverter arrays required for installing the system.
A New Windings Design of 24 Slot Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run Induction Motor IJECEIAES
The conventional method of a single phase induction motor windings design usually constructed the main and auxiliary windings in both slot. So, there was a complicated winding design if that compare to the three-phase induction motor. Because of that, this study was aimed to design a new windings design of a single phase induction motor that construction like a three-phase induction motor. This study was focused to design a 24 slot capacitor-start capacitor-run induction motor. The windings in the motor are divided in 3 group like a three-phase induction motor. The two windings act as a main windings and the other winding act as auxiliary winding. The current rating of the winding of the proposed single-phase induction motor was 2.74A. The performances of the proposed method were compared with the performances of a three-phase induction motor that had the same current rating. The motor used as a comparator was a three-phase induction of 380/220V, 2.74/4.7A, Y/Δ, cage rotor, 4 poles, 1.5 HP, 1400 RPM, 50Hz. The result of this study showed that the proposed design of single phase induction motor could be operated with better performances than the threephase comparator induction motor‟s.
The document summarizes different types of excitation systems used for synchronous generators. It describes the components and operation of static excitation systems, which are now widely used. Static excitation systems provide fast acting voltage control using thyristor bridges and power electronics. They allow high response ratios of 3-5 compared to older systems like DC excitation. The key components of a static excitation system are the rectifier transformer, SCR bridges, excitation start up equipment, field discharge equipment, and regulator/control circuits.
impact of renewable energy sources on power system opeartionVipin Pandey
this presentation is brief description of power system operation with renewable energy sources and their effects on various power system operation and how can they be accessible in system.
In this project, main focus is to develop high power density and high efficiency converter with closed loop control for attaining load and line regulation. Complete converter was simulated in PSIM and implemented hardware in CEERI lab.
MPPT Based Optimal Charge Controller in PV systemMalik Sameeullah
The document presents information on solar photovoltaic systems including the solar power sector in India, types of solar PV systems, the need for charge controllers and maximum power point trackers, solar PV cells and batteries, charge controller models, buck-boost converters, maximum power point tracking models, optimal MPPT controller design, conclusions and future work. It discusses using MPPT algorithms for battery charging in solar PV systems and improving battery charging conditions through slight variations in MPPT design.
This document discusses grid integration challenges with increasing renewable energy and provides solutions. Grid integration of photovoltaics can cause voltage band and thermal limit violations. Traditional solutions involve increasing cable size but new solutions include demand side management, local energy management systems, low voltage transformer tap changing, and reactive power control from inverters. Proper grid planning is now a multi-criteria optimization problem that considers both traditional grid reinforcements and intelligent control solutions.
A grid connected photovoltaic (PV) solar power plant is described. It works by converting sunlight into direct current electricity via solar panels. The electricity is then converted to alternating current by an inverter and fed into the electric grid. When more electricity is produced than needed, it is supplied to the grid. At night or when not producing, power comes from the main grid. There are three main types of solar grids: grid tied without storage, grid interactive with battery storage, and off grid with battery storage. Grid tied systems directly supply the grid, hybrid systems store excess power, and off grid systems are independent of the grid with batteries. Advantages are low operating costs and clean energy production while disadvantages include initial costs and
Nükleer enerji santralinin yapı ve risklerinin araştırılması [fizik]Glmser
Nükleer enerji santrallerinin yapı ve riskleri adlı slyatımı buraya yüklüyorum arkadaşlar çok emek verdim araştırdım umarım işinize yarar şuan 2021 mezunlarındanım bu slayt artık benim işime yaramaz ama sizin yarar diye düşünüyorum içinde işinize yarayacak çok bilgi var ve bazı sorunlardan dolayı videoları yükleyemiyorum iki tane video var biri nova adlı kanalın çernobili gezip oradaki tahribatı anlatmasıyla diğeri ise termik santralin nasıl çalıştığını anlatan bir videoydu eğer bunları da eklerseniz tam puan alırsınız bunu sınıf birincisi biri olarak söylüyorum iyi çalışmalar diliyorum
Dünyadaki Enerji Kaynakları, Kaynak Potansiyelleri, Taşınma Yolları, Tüketim ...makgul
Dünyadaki Enerji Kaynaklarının (Petrol, Doğalgaz, Elektrik Enerjisi, Güneş ve Rüzgar Enerjisi) Suudi Arabistan, İran, Rusya, Türkiye ve Avrupa Ölçekleri ile Kaynak Potansiyelleri, Taşınma Yolları, Tüketim Oranları
Hidrojen Enerjisi ve Hidrojen Yakıt Pili | Ae2 ProjectAe2Project Team
Geçtiğimiz haftalarda, YTÜ IEEE Öğrenci Kulübü’ne bağlı Power & Energy Society (PES) komitesine Ae2Project olarak ücretsiz bir eğitim düzenledik. Ekip olarak bilindiği üzere hem PES komitesindeki arkadaşlara öncülük etmek, hem de alternatif enerji kaynaklarının bilinirliğine katkı sağlamak amacıyla düzenli olarak eğitimler organize etmeye özen gösteriyoruz. Bilgi paylaştıkça çoğalır sloganıyla geçtiğimiz hafta yaptığımız “Hidrojen Enerjisi ve Hidrojen Yakıt Pili” başlıklı sunuma aşağıdan ulaşabilirsiniz. Yorum, görüş ve eleştirilerinizi paylaşarak katkı sağlayabilirsiniz.
Similar to Türkiye de ve dünya da rüzgar enerjisi (16)
The document is a series of pages that are blank except for the text "Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com" appearing repeatedly throughout, with no other substantive content.
This document provides information about ASIMO, a humanoid robot created by Honda in 2007. It discusses the history of robots beginning with automatic machines designed in the 1200s. ASIMO can walk, run, dance, sing, recognize faces and voices, carry objects, climb stairs, and potentially assist elderly people and in the medical field in the future. Each ASIMO robot costs over $1 million to produce. The document outlines ASIMO's specifications and capabilities in over 30 sections and concludes with references for further information.
2. RÜZGAR ENERJİSİNİN TARİHSEL
GELİŞİMİ
• Yel değirmenleri uzun süre tarım ürünlerinin
öğütülmesinde kullanılmıştır.
• Avrupa'nın Ortaçağ karanlığından sıyrılıp, ekonomik
kalkınma süreci içine girmesinde önemli bir katkı
olduğu düşünülen, Romalıların terk ettikleri
madenlerin yeniden işletilmeye açılabilmesi, yel
değirmenleri vasıtasıyla, rüzgâr gücünün kullanılarak
bu maden galerilerinin diplerinde biriken suların
boşaltılması ile mümkün olmuştur. 19. yy‘ın
sonlarında ve 20. yy 'da yel değirmenleri ile kuyudan
su çekmek, elektrik elde etmek gibi uygulamalar
ortaya çıkmıştır.
3. RÜZGAR TÜRBİNİ NEDİR ?
Rüzgâr gücünü dönüştürerek, elektrik
enerjisi üreten tesis ve donanımlara "Rüzgâr
Türbini" denmektedir. Rüzgâr türbinlerinin
çalışma prensipleri,rüzgâr değirmenlerine
benzemekte, fakat çok daha teknik detaylar
içermektedir .
4.
5. RÜZGAR ÇİFTLİKLERİ NERELERDE
KURULABİLİR
Rüzgâr türbinleri veya birçok türbini bulunan
rüzgâr santralleri, uygun şartlar sunması
kaydıyla, kara içleri, deniz kıyıları ve deniz
üzerinde (açıklarında) kurulmaktadırlar.
6.
7. RÜZGAR TÜRBİNİNİN YAPISI
• Rüzgar santralının ana yapı elemanı, aerojeneratör de
denilen rüzgar türbinidir. Bir rüzgar türbini, çevredeki
engellerin rüzgarı kesemeyeceği yükseklikte bir kule, bunun
üzerine yerleştirilmiş bir gövde ve rotordan oluşur.
• Rotorlarının konumlarına (şaft eksenlerine) göre türbinler,
yatay eksenli veya düşey eksenli olurlar. Elektrik üretim
amaçlı modern rüzgar türbinlerinin çoğunluğu yatay
eksenlidir. Yatay eksenli türbinler, rüzgarın kuleyi yalamadan
rotora çarpması durumunda ileri ya da üst rüzgarlı (up-
wind), önce kuleye dokunup sonra çarka gelmesi koşulunda
geri ya da alt rüzgarlı (downwind) türbin adını alırlar.
Açıklanan makinede rüzgar enerjisi, Betz teoremi uyarınca
maksimum %59.3 teorik verimle mekanik enerjiye
çevrilebilir.
12. • Yatay eksenli rüzgâr türbinleri hem rüzgâr
yönünde hem de rüzgâra karşı yönde
çalışabilmektedir. Düşey eksenli türbinler ise
rüzgârı her yönde kabul ederler.
• Rotor haricindeki tüm bileşenler her iki rüzgâr
türbini dizaynında da aynıdır.
13. DÜŞEY EKSENLİ RÜZGAR TÜRBİNİ
Dikey eksenli makinanın şekli bir yumurta çırpıcısını andırır.
Özel yapısal avantajlarından dolayı geçmişte kullanılmakta idi.
Günümüzde modern türbinlerin çoğu yatay eksen
dizaynındadır.
14. YATAY EKSENLİ RÜZGAR TÜRBİNİNİN
AYRINTILI YAPISI
Rotor haricindeki tüm bileşenler her iki
rüzgâr türbini dizaynında da aynıdır. Bir
sonraki sayfada yatay eksenli rüzgâr türbinin
ayrıntılı yapısı verilmiştir.
16. BİR RÜZGAR ENERJİ SANTRALİNİN
TEMEL BİLEŞENLERİ
• - Kule
• - 2 veya 3 kanatlı rüzgâr türbini
• - Rüzgâr yönüne göre kanatların/türbinin yönünü ayarlayan
mekanizma
• - Mekanik dişli ünitesi
• - Elektrik jeneratörü
• - Hız sensörleri ve hız kontrol ünitesi
• - Güç-elektronik ünitesi ve kontrolü
• - Enerji depolama sistemleri(özellikle şebekeden bağımsız çalışma
için)
• - Yerel elektrik şebekesine bağlantı için transformatör, iletim hattı
ve kesici
17. RÜZGAR ENERJİSİNİN OLUMLU VE OLUMSUZ YANLARI
• Rüzgar enerjisi yerli,
• Dışa bağımlı olmayan,
• Doğal ve tükenmeyen,
• gelecekte de aynı oranda temin
edilebilecek,
• Asit yağmurlarına ve atmosferik
ısınmaya yol açmayan,
• CO2 emisyonu olmayan,
• Doğal bitki örtüsü ve insan sağlığına
olumsuz etkisi bulunmayan,
• Fosil yakıt tasarrufu sağlayan,
• Radyoaktif etkisi olmayan,
• Teknolojik gelişimi hızlı,
• Döviz kazandırıcı bir kaynaktır.
• Ayrıca kısa sürede devreye
alınabilmekte ve kısa sürede
sökülebilmektedir.
• Bunun yanısıra istihdam olanağına
sahiptir ve fiyat artma riski yoktur.
• Gürültü,
• Görsel ve estetik kirliliği,
• Kuş ölümleri,
• 2-3 km lik alan içinde radyo ve TV
alıcılarında parazitlere neden
olmaktadır.
Fakat rüzgar türbini teknolojisinde
gelinen bugünkü nokta, tüm bu
olumsuz etkileri son derece azaltmış
veya ortadan kaldırmıştır.
24. TÜRKİYEDE RÜZGAR POTANSİYELİ
• Rüzgâr Enerjisi Potansiyeli Atlasına göre Türkiye’deki
teorik rüzgâr enerjisi potansiyeli 48.000 MW
civarındadır. Mevcut elektrik şebeke alt yapısı dikkate
alındığında ise elektrik şebekesine bağlanabilir rüzgar
enerjisi potansiyeli 10.000 MW düzeyinde
hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca elektrik şebekesinde
yapılabilecek olası revizyon çalışmalar sonucu orta
vadede elektrik şebekesine bağlanabilir rüzgar enerjisi
potansiyelinin 20.000 MW seviyesine yükselmesi olası
gözükmektedir ki 2020 yılına kadar Türkiye’de rüzgâr
kurulu gücünde 20.000 MW seviyelerine ulaşılması
öngörülmektedir.
27. RÜZGAR ENERJİSİ HAKKINDA BAZI HÜKÜMET
POLİTİKALARI
• T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı’nın
2010-2014 Stratejik Planına göre2009 yılı
itibariyle 802,8 MW olan rüzgar enerjisi kurulu
gücünün, 2015 yılına kadar 10.000 MW‘ a
çıkarılması sağlanacaktır.
• 2020’de Türkiye’de rüzgâr enerjisi kurulu
gücünün 20.000 MW seviyesine ulaşılması
beklenmektedir
28. Türkiye’nin uygulanabilir rüzgâr enerjisi potansiyeli
olan 20.000 MW değerine ulaşması halinde;
• Ulusal enerji talebinin yaklaşık %20-25
arasındaki bir bölümü karşılanabilecek,
• 26 milyon ton CO2. emisyonu da
önlenebilecek,
• Ayrıca rüzgâr enerjisi sektörünün ulusal
istihdama katkısı yaklaşık 170.000 kişi
civarında olacaktır.