This document discusses several topics related to marine resources and climate in Indonesia: - The onset of the monsoon season is important for Indonesia as it marks the dry season and periods of high productivity off Java and Sumatra. - Traditional salt production is an important industry for many regions of Indonesia but faces challenges from climate like high rainfall. - Climate variability and lack of long-term fisheries data make sustainable fisheries management difficult in the Java Sea where catch levels fluctuate seasonally. - Coastal hazards like floods are an ongoing issue impacted by climate factors. More localized climate data at a high resolution is needed to study coastal and fisheries environments.

1. AGENCY FOR MARINE AND FISHERIES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES
中国－印尼海洋与
气候联合研究中心

2. Why monsoon onset matters forWhy monsoon onset matters for
Indonesia?Indonesia?
•Onset of dry season for Java
•Onset of upwelling
•Time window for salt industry
•High productive season off Java•High productive season off Java
and Sumatra

3. TRADITIONAL SALT PRODUCTION

4. Kab. Brebes (P 302,5 ha)
Kab. Jepara (P 625 ha)
Kab. Pati (P 2043 ha)
Kab. Rembang (P 1.465,14 ha)
Kab. Demak (P 674 ha)
Kab. Manggarai (P 25 ha)
Kab. Nagekeo (P 1.800 ha)
Kab. Ende (P 56 ha)
Kab. Alor (P 2,2 ha)
Kab. Timor Tengah Utara (P 33 ha)
Kab. Kupang (P 18 ha)
Kab. Lembata (P 60 ha)
Kab. Pangkep (P 503 ha)
Kab. Takalar (P 148,23 ha)
Kab. Jeneponto (P 557,55 ha)
Palu Municipality
(P 20 ha)
Kab. Bone Bolango
(P 25ha)
Total for NTT
(P 1.994,2 ha)
Total for South Sulawesi
(P 1.208,78 ha)
Kab. Indramayu (P 1.289,9 ha)
Kab. Cirebonr (P 1.129 ha)
Kab. Tuban (P 172,15 ha)
Kab. Lamongan (P 102 ha)
Kab. Gresik (P 26 ha)
Kab. Pasuruan (P 114,5 ha
Kab. Probolinggo (P 357 ha)
Kodya Surabaya (P 565,10 ha)
Kab. Sampang (P 4.200 ha)
Kab. Pamekasan (P 888,7 ha)
Kab. Sumenep (P 1.700 ha)
Kab. Lombok Timur (P 297,45 ha)
Kab. Bima (P 1.725 ha)
Kab. Sumbawa (P 42,5 ha)
Kota Bima (P 30,25)
Kab. Lombok Barat (P 156,9)
Note :
- P = Productive area
- P National=17.651 ha
Source : MMAF, 2010
Kab. Karang Asem (P 10 ha)
Kab. Klungkung (P 2,28 ha)
Total for West Java (P 2418.9 ha)
Total for East Java (P 8.125,45 ha)
Total for Bali (P 12,28 ha)
Total for NTB (P 2.252,1 ha)

5. General Problems of Traditional Salt in Indonesia
• The efforts to meet the needs of industrial salt by national salt production has not been
accomplished.
• National salt production is dominated by traditional salt operated by villagers  low quality
• In general salt villager prosperity is under the national standard
• Improving quality to meet the industrial salt level is a great solution to national industrial salt
problems, in ilne with increasing the prosperity of traditional salt community.

6. Traditional Salt Production
 Characterized by nature
dependence (weather and
climate).
 Climate Characteristics of
Indonesia :
- Dry season lasting for 4-6- Dry season lasting for 4-6
month/year;
- Humidity is high ;
- In the dry season, high rainfall often
occurs
 The impact of those conditions is
that the competitive traditional
salt market is still low than the
imported salt

7. Typcal climatology of salt ponds
Australia Perancis Indonesia Taiwan
Evaporation 3600 1700 1850 1660
Precipitation 300 550 1300 1400
------- - ------ - ------- - ------- -
7
------- - ------ - ------- - ------- -
Selisih 3300 1150 550 260
* In mm water/year
 Annual productivity of Indonesian solar ponds is under
Australia and France  threat !

8. RELATION OF CLIMATE-OCEAN VARIABILITY TORELATION OF CLIMATE-OCEAN VARIABILITY TO
PELAGIC FISHERY IN JAVA SEA

9. • Climate change scenarios in spatial resolution necessary for most biological
study on coastal and pelagic environment is still lack
• Indonesian fisheries management policies do not currently incorporate the
effect of climate variability or climate change in harvest levels setting or
future strategy development reflected by the lack of long-term fisheries
data.
• The dynamic of Indonesian seas and catch fisheries productivity should be
FISHERIES PROBLEMS
• The dynamic of Indonesian seas and catch fisheries productivity should be
analyses to develop the harvest levels model and management for better
fisheries management.

10. No. Common name Scientific name Local name
1 Indian Scad Decapterus russelli (Ruppell, 1830) Layang, silap
2 Layang scad Decapterus macrosoma (Bleeker,1851) Deles
3 Indian Mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) Banyar
4 Short Bodied Mackerel Rastrelliger brachisoma (Bleeker, 1851) Kembung
Small Pelagic fish species caught from the Java Sea
5 Spotted Sardinella Ambligaster sirm (Walbaum, 1792) Siro, lemuru
6 Bigeye Scad Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) Bentong
7 Goldstripe Sardinella Sardinella gibossa (Bleeker, 1849) Juwi, tanjan
8 Bali Sardinella Sardinella lemuru (Bleeker, 1853) Tanjan /lemuru
9 Rainbow Sardine Dussumieria acuta (Valenciennes, 1847) Japuh
10 Yellowstripe Trevally Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier, 1833) Selar gontor

11. 0
200
400
600
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1000
1200
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Month
CPUE(Kg/day/vessel)
Inshore area Offshore area
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Month
CPUE(Kg/day/vessel)
Rastrelliger spp S.crumeophthalmus
Decapterus spp Sardinella spp
S. leptolepis, A. mate, A. djeddaba, D. acuta A.thazard and E. affinis
A.sirm Others
Monthly Average CPUE of Pelagic Fishes from 1998-2002
Inshore area Offshore areaA.sirm Others
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
Kg
Total Pelagic fishes
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Dec
Jan
Feb
M
ar
Apr
M
ay
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sept
O
ct
Nov
Month
CPUE(kg/day/vessel)
NW Monsoon
Pre-SE
Monsoon SE Monsoon
Pre-NW
Monsoon
Mean seasonal variability of pelagic fish catches in the Java Sea

12. COASTAL HAZARDS
AND FLOODSAND FLOODS

13. COASTAL HAZARDS

14. FLOODED AREA

15. TriyonoTriyono 谢谢!
1. Researcher on GIS
2. Assistant Deputy Director for Research Collaboration and Service
3. Personel of Indonesia-China Center for Ocean and Climate (ICCOC)