Complete Cultivation and Processing Methods of different types of Mushroom, like 1. Button mushroom 2. Oyster mushroom 3. Milky Mushroom

1. Tripurari prajapati
M.Sc.Biotechnology 1st Sem
Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P)

2. INTRODUCTION OF MUSHROOMS
A Mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore bearing, fruiting
body of a fungus.
Typically produced above ground, on soil or on its food
source.
They contain 85% to 90% water, so they are perishable.
Self life of mushrooms is less (1 to 2 days).

3. 1.5 to 2 million species of mushrooms present on earth,
out of which 8000088000 species are identified.
Among them 124 species are edible, from which 24-26
species are under cultivation and 4-6 species are
commercially available.

4.  The mushroom is composed of an underground
part (mycelium) and an aboveground,
often edible part that is also the reproductive organ.
 Structure of mushroom consists of :
 Spores
 Stem
 Gills
 Mycelium
 Hypha
 Volva
 Ring
 Cap
STRUCTURE OF MUSHROOMS

5. Spores :-
 Microscopic seeds acting as reproductive agents; they are
usually released into the air and fall on a substrate to
produce a new mushroom.
Stem :-
 Axis supporting the mushroom’s cap.
Stem

6. Gills:-
 Fertile spore-producing part of the mushroom,
located under the cap.
Gills

7. Mycelium :-
 Tangle of hyphae created through spore germination,
from which the aboveground part of the mushrooms
develops.
Mycelium

8. Hypha :-
 Microscopic filament, often white, that draws water and
the organic matter necessary for mushroom development.
Hypha

9. Volva :-
 Remnant of a membrane that completely covered the
immature mushroom and ruptured as the stew grew.
Volva

10. Ring :-
 Membrane located under the cap and circling the stem;
remnant of a membrane that covered the gills of the
immature mushrooms and ruptured as the cap grew.
Ring

11. Cap :-
 Differently shaped and coloured upper part of the
mushroom that protects the gills; it usually
resembles a headdress, hence its name.
Cap

12. Classification of Mushrooms
Oyster mushroom - Pleurotus spp.
Milky mushroom - Calocybe spp.
Button mushroom - Agaricus spp.

13. Oyster mushroom
Time duration :- August to April (25-30 deg temp.)

14.  The cap of oyster mushroom is tongue shaped , maturing
to a shell shaped form , 50-150 mm in diameter.

15. Substrate Preparation
Chemical Sterilization
INGREDIENTS QUANTITY
Wheat Straw 10 kg
Carbendazim 75 ppm (7.5 gm)
Formalin 40 % (125 ml)
Water 100 litres

16. Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Methods
 Treatment of straw with formalin and carbendazim.
or
Boil method
 Dry something 70% moisture.
 Spawning layer and mixing method.
 Bags Keep in crop house.
 Filling polypropylene bags.
 10-15 holes are available/bag.
 Growing mushroom after 20-22 days

17. Oyster Mushroom Cultivation

18.  Green Mold disease in Oyster Mushroom Bag

19. Milky Mushroom
Time Duration :- May to October (28-38 deg.temp.)

20.  Milky mushrooms are called ‘milky’ for their white
color.
 Milky mushrooms are rich in nutrient, have a good
shelf life and are the only fungus that can be cultivated
in the tropics.

21. Substrate Preparation
Chemical Sterilization
INGREDIENTS QUANTITY
Wheat Straw 10 kg
Carbendazim 75 ppm (7.5 gm)
Formalin 40 % (125 ml)
Water 100 litres

22. Milky Mushroom Cultivation Methods
 Treatment of wheat straw with Formalin and
Carbendazim.
or
Boil method
 Dry something 70% moisture.
 Spawning layer and mixing method.
 Upper layer covered by new paper.
 After 15 days casing with treated soil or cow dung.
 Growing mushroom after 15 days of casing.

23. Milky Mushroom Cultivation

24. Button Mushroom
Time Duration :- November to March
(20-25 deg temp. Mycelium growth)
(15-19 deg temp. Fruiting)

25.  Button Mushroom is an edible mushroom which has
two color states while immature – white and brown –
both of which have various names. When mature, it is
known as portobello mushroom.
 White button mushroom is the immature and white
variety. It’s the most common and mildest-tasting from
all the mushroom types.

26. Ingredients of Button Mushroom composting
INGREDIENTS QUANTITY
Wheat/Paddy Straw 1000 kg
Wheat bran 50 kg
Gypsum 40-50 kg
Urea 10 kg
Single superphosphate 10 kg
Muriate of potash 10 kg
Calcium ammonium nitrate 30 kg

27. Compost Turning schedule
Day Turning
6 1st
10 2nd
13 3rd
16 4th
19 5th
22 6th
25 7th
28 Break open the pile if don’t
smell of ammonia

28. Button Mushroom Cultivation
Methods