Data triangulation involves analyzing data from multiple sources to increase the validity of evaluation findings. The document describes data triangulation and provides two examples of its use. In Nepal, triangulating data from service statistics, surveys, and qualitative studies showed that expanding HIV prevention programs for female sex workers were linked to improved knowledge, behaviors, and health outcomes. In Botswana, triangulating data from vital statistics, surveys, and program records found reductions in adult mortality associated with scale-up of antiretroviral therapy programs.
Female Condom - Mags Beksinska and Jenni SmitVula Mobile
This document summarizes the introduction and status of the female condom programme in South Africa. It was introduced in 1998 across 8 provinces in response to increasing HIV prevalence. Over 10,000 family planning clients accepted the female condom during the pilot phase. The programme has since expanded to over 200 sites nationally and distributed over 2 million female condoms annually by 2007. Successes include an organized introduction strategy and monitoring system. Challenges include keeping up with demand and addressing myths about the method. Evaluation studies are underway to assess the method's impact on dual protection use.
The document discusses mHealth programs and initiatives in low and middle income countries. It summarizes reviews and studies that find mHealth evidence is limited by small pilot programs rather than large-scale implementations and health outcome studies. There is a need for standardized indicators, integrated solutions, and policies that facilitate collaboration and scale-up of effective mHealth programs.
This document discusses how monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems can support program evaluation through three case studies. It finds that while M&E systems may not replace randomized controlled trials, they can provide adequate evidence when integrated data from routine collection and surveys are analyzed together. Specifically, the document examines how M&E data has been used to evaluate the impact of a community health insurance scheme in Burkina Faso, a malaria partnership in Tanzania, and an HIV prevention program in India. In each case, the M&E system data provided plausible evidence of impact when analyzed longitudinally and through dose-response relationships, though the studies fell short of experimental evidence.
The document provides information on a M&E training for the Global Fund's Round 9. It discusses key topics including:
- What the Global Fund is and its principles of international health financing and performance-based funding.
- The importance of M&E in grant management and the basic elements of an M&E system including monitoring, evaluation, indicators, and the M&E process.
- Details of Myanmar's Performance Framework for its HIV grant, including objectives, indicators, targets, and periods covered.
- Additional M&E topics like the M&E plan, data collection and management, evaluation, strategic information, capacity building, and coordination.
Tips to jumpstart your telemedicine program for addictionVSee
To carry on the discussion in real life, join us at Telehealth and Secrets to Success Conference, Sept 20-22, Silicon Valley:
https://goo.gl/95zHZG
For more information of the webinar such as recording and transcript, please visit:
https://vsee.com/blog/tips-jumpstart-telemedicine-program-addiction/
For other webinars:
https://vsee.com/webinars/
Or join our Linkedin Group: https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Telehealth-Failures-Secrets-Success-13500037/about
Or Join our Facebook Group:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/tfssgroup/?ref=group_cover
NURS 521 Nursing Informatics And Technology.docxstirlingvwriters
This document discusses the application of clinical information systems in nursing. It reviews 4 peer-reviewed articles on this topic. The articles found that clinical information systems can help reduce medical errors, improve care quality by enhancing workflow and access to patient information, and engage patients more in their care when interactive technology is used. However, challenges remain around data integration across healthcare systems and technical, human, and organizational constraints. The document concludes that clinical information systems provide opportunities to improve care but must be effectively implemented and upgraded so nurses can benefit from these technologies.
Introduction Healthcare system is considered one of the busiest.pdfbkbk37
The document discusses the application of clinical information systems in nursing. It reviews 4 peer-reviewed articles on the topic. The articles found that clinical information systems can improve workflow and reduce medical errors. However, challenges remain around data integration and sharing patient data across healthcare systems. The document concludes that clinical systems provide opportunities to improve care if effectively implemented and regularly updated to support nurses.
Female Condom - Mags Beksinska and Jenni SmitVula Mobile
This document summarizes the introduction and status of the female condom programme in South Africa. It was introduced in 1998 across 8 provinces in response to increasing HIV prevalence. Over 10,000 family planning clients accepted the female condom during the pilot phase. The programme has since expanded to over 200 sites nationally and distributed over 2 million female condoms annually by 2007. Successes include an organized introduction strategy and monitoring system. Challenges include keeping up with demand and addressing myths about the method. Evaluation studies are underway to assess the method's impact on dual protection use.
The document discusses mHealth programs and initiatives in low and middle income countries. It summarizes reviews and studies that find mHealth evidence is limited by small pilot programs rather than large-scale implementations and health outcome studies. There is a need for standardized indicators, integrated solutions, and policies that facilitate collaboration and scale-up of effective mHealth programs.
This document discusses how monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems can support program evaluation through three case studies. It finds that while M&E systems may not replace randomized controlled trials, they can provide adequate evidence when integrated data from routine collection and surveys are analyzed together. Specifically, the document examines how M&E data has been used to evaluate the impact of a community health insurance scheme in Burkina Faso, a malaria partnership in Tanzania, and an HIV prevention program in India. In each case, the M&E system data provided plausible evidence of impact when analyzed longitudinally and through dose-response relationships, though the studies fell short of experimental evidence.
The document provides information on a M&E training for the Global Fund's Round 9. It discusses key topics including:
- What the Global Fund is and its principles of international health financing and performance-based funding.
- The importance of M&E in grant management and the basic elements of an M&E system including monitoring, evaluation, indicators, and the M&E process.
- Details of Myanmar's Performance Framework for its HIV grant, including objectives, indicators, targets, and periods covered.
- Additional M&E topics like the M&E plan, data collection and management, evaluation, strategic information, capacity building, and coordination.
Tips to jumpstart your telemedicine program for addictionVSee
To carry on the discussion in real life, join us at Telehealth and Secrets to Success Conference, Sept 20-22, Silicon Valley:
https://goo.gl/95zHZG
For more information of the webinar such as recording and transcript, please visit:
https://vsee.com/blog/tips-jumpstart-telemedicine-program-addiction/
For other webinars:
https://vsee.com/webinars/
Or join our Linkedin Group: https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Telehealth-Failures-Secrets-Success-13500037/about
Or Join our Facebook Group:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/tfssgroup/?ref=group_cover
NURS 521 Nursing Informatics And Technology.docxstirlingvwriters
This document discusses the application of clinical information systems in nursing. It reviews 4 peer-reviewed articles on this topic. The articles found that clinical information systems can help reduce medical errors, improve care quality by enhancing workflow and access to patient information, and engage patients more in their care when interactive technology is used. However, challenges remain around data integration across healthcare systems and technical, human, and organizational constraints. The document concludes that clinical information systems provide opportunities to improve care but must be effectively implemented and upgraded so nurses can benefit from these technologies.
Introduction Healthcare system is considered one of the busiest.pdfbkbk37
The document discusses the application of clinical information systems in nursing. It reviews 4 peer-reviewed articles on the topic. The articles found that clinical information systems can improve workflow and reduce medical errors. However, challenges remain around data integration and sharing patient data across healthcare systems. The document concludes that clinical systems provide opportunities to improve care if effectively implemented and regularly updated to support nurses.
1. The study evaluated the efficacy of an adherence strategy using a computer alert system and telephone support to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).
2. The rates of dispensed ART, which indirectly indicate adherence, significantly increased from 2006 to 2009 after implementing the intervention. Viral load levels also significantly increased compared to baseline.
3. A computer system was designed to alert staff of delays in medication pickup and trained personnel contacted patients by telephone. This centralized monitoring combined with communication support improved long-term adherence and clinical outcomes.
- Surgical site infections (SSIs) develop in 2-5% of surgical patients annually in the US, accounting for 14-16% of all hospital-acquired infections and 3% of surgical mortality. They increase costs by $29,000 per patient on average.
- A survey of 103 healthcare professionals found that most facilities have protocols for preoperative skin cleansing, though compliance levels vary. The majority use chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) products and require two or more applications.
- Improving patient education and compliance was cited as the most significant obstacle to reducing SSIs. Less than 10% of facilities used digital reminders or referred patients to informational websites.
This document outlines a proposed intervention program to reduce healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections through a multifaceted approach. The program will use educational seminars, hand hygiene posters, and policy changes to improve provider practices around hand hygiene and antibiotic use. Pre- and post-intervention surveys will evaluate changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. The goal is to determine the most effective prevention strategies and lower MRSA prevalence through a year-long, mixed methods study at a Florida healthcare facility.
This chapter discusses key considerations for developing a protocol for population-based surveys measuring HIV. It recommends that surveys be designed based on the epidemic context and objectives of monitoring the impact of HIV. Surveys should return HIV and other biomarker results to participants and measure HIV prevalence among children when adult female HIV prevalence is over 5%. HIV incidence should only be included when adult prevalence is over 5% and incidence over 0.3%. Developing the protocol takes about two years to cover planning, implementation, and release of results.
This document discusses the development of indicators to measure the performance of community-based HIV programs. It describes an extensive consultation process involving organizations like PEPFAR and the Global Fund. Field tests were conducted in Vietnam and Kenya to evaluate proposed indicators and make recommendations. The final indicators focus on prevention services, prevention materials, care services, and testing and linkages. The indicators are intended to track services at the community level and fill gaps in understanding community programs.
Implement a Direct-to-Patient Approach to Increase Patient Engagement and Ret...John Reites
Article by MM&M (Medical, Marketing & Media) on 25 Mar 2015 with John Reites discussing direct-to-patient approaches to conduct innovation research models that increase engagement and retention.
Weblink: http://www.mmm-online.com/pharmaceutical/implement-a-direct-to-patient-approach-to-increase-patient-engagement-and-retention/article/405443/
12Plan for Evaluating the Impact of the Inte.docxmoggdede
The document proposes a handwashing education intervention for nurses to reduce hospital-acquired infections. The intervention involves a 6-month handwashing education program for nurses focused on compliance monitoring in a practice setting. Studies show education improves handwashing knowledge and practices, but compliance decreases after. This intervention aims to address sustainability by focusing on compliance and conducting education in a practice setting over an extended period. The expected impact is improved nurse handwashing and reduced transmission of pathogens, lowering patient infection risks and improving healthcare quality.
Richard Garfein, PhD, MPH
Professor
Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science
Adjunct Professor
Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Diego
1) The A2 process aims to bridge the evidence-policy divide by building in-country capacity to analyze local HIV epidemics using multiple existing data sources and modeling to understand transmission patterns and evaluate response programs.
2) It involves local stakeholders gathering and synthesizing data, developing an epidemic model, evaluating response impacts, and engaging policymakers to identify effective policies.
3) An example application in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam found investing in prevention of high-risk groups could avert most infections and treatment costs. This informed policy to focus prevention on most-at-risk populations and discuss harm reduction.
The document discusses using local data from a study in Uganda to inform policy and practice around community-based distribution of injectable contraceptives in Africa. The study found that non-clinical community health workers can safely and effectively administer injectable contraceptives. This local data was then used to garner interest, inform policy changes in Uganda and Madagascar, and scale up programs. Further research is exploring expanding this model to other contexts.
MAST and its application in RENEWING HEALTHAnna Kotzeva
This document discusses the Model for Assessment of Telemedicine (MAST) and its application in the RENEWING HEALTH project. MAST provides a comprehensive framework for the multidisciplinary assessment of telemedicine, including preceding considerations, assessment across multiple domains, and evaluating transferability. The RENEWING HEALTH project applies MAST to evaluate telemedicine interventions for diabetes, COPD and CVD across multiple outcomes like clinical effectiveness, user perspectives, economic impacts and organizational effects. Common tools were developed to ensure quality and comparability, including a minimum dataset, common templates, and guidance for analysis and reporting. By validating MAST across diverse settings, the project aims to establish an accepted methodology for complex telemedicine evaluations.
This summary provides an overview of a systematic review of 34 HIV/AIDS mass communication campaigns from 1998 to 2007:
1) The review found that campaigns increasingly employed strategies recommended for effective design such as targeted audiences developed through segmentation, behavior-focused themes, use of behavioral theory, high message exposure, stronger research designs, and inclusion of behavior measures.
2) An examination of 10 campaigns using more rigorous designs found that the majority (8 of 10) demonstrated effects on behavior change or intentions.
3) However, most campaigns still used weak pre-experimental evaluation designs, indicating room for improved evaluation practices.
Using Routine Data to Improve ART Retention: Examples and Lessons Learned fro...MEASURE Evaluation
1. Countries are using routine health facility data to improve retention of patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) through interventions like patient tracing, data review meetings, and improved data capture systems.
2. A review of literature and interviews with experts found that patient tracing is most commonly used but more emphasis should be placed on data use at facilities and communities. Strengthening human resources and community programming can also help retention.
3. Challenges to effective data use include data quality issues, lack of data use culture, limited human resources, and disconnects between community and facility data systems.
1
5
Nursing Research Utilization Project Proposal: Monitoring
The delivery of individualized care is important in ensuring receipt of optimal benefits of care rendered to patients. Discharged patients should be released to community agencies that provide in-home assistive services. The transition plan must consider the patient's home environment as well as the risks for injury and find ways of mitigating them as soon as possible. Service providers should take advantage of family conferences to advise the patients’ family of how to care for the patient after they have been discharged from the hospital. Hence, there is a need for post-discharge follow-up especially for high-risk patients, to deter readmission rates (Potera, 2009).
This paper aims to discuss methods of monitoring solution implementation; evaluate the solution; and lastly, tackle outcome measures and data collection evaluation.
Monitoring
Monitoring is a scheduled collection and analysis of data so as to track the progress of the implemented solution and ensure that the solution is in compliance with the set health standard regarding patient discharge (Popejoy, L.L., et al., 2015). Monitoring is a critical aspect of any implementation process since it helps in establishing patterns and coming up with strategies for proper management and quality improvement. Monitoring and evaluation in the health care sector are paramount in ensuring quality services. It is critical to monitor the implemented solutions for the issues affecting patient-centered care and discharge planning(Potera, 2009).
The Stetler Model assists in the monitoring of the solution using its steps. “The monitoring consists of preparation, validation, decision-making, application and finally evaluation according to the steps of the Stetler Model (Stetler, 2001).” The preparation formonitoring begins with the purpose; sources of the evidence of the research; and then the context of health care. The identification of purpose depends on the solution proposed. Therefore, the contextual factors must be examined to determine the appropriate monitoring strategy.
The second phase is the validation of the monitoring process. The solution identified was for the IDT to ensure that patients receive individualized care, which are carried out post hospitalization and prevent patients returning to the hospital. Therefore, the patient-centered care and reduction of readmission would be the ultimate goal of monitoring. The monitoring process starts with the formulation of healthcare providers with unified policy-driven structure ensuring that there are proper communication and coordination and culminates with patient being released in the community.
Evaluation
All the IDT will be involved in the designing as well as the implementation of the program. Stakeholders are expected to obtain and report their expertise, perspectives and feedback. The next step will be clarifying the scope of the solution plan. In this case, the sc ...
15Nursing Research Utilization Project ProposaKiyokoSlagleis
1
5
Nursing Research Utilization Project Proposal: Monitoring
The delivery of individualized care is important in ensuring receipt of optimal benefits of care rendered to patients. Discharged patients should be released to community agencies that provide in-home assistive services. The transition plan must consider the patient's home environment as well as the risks for injury and find ways of mitigating them as soon as possible. Service providers should take advantage of family conferences to advise the patients’ family of how to care for the patient after they have been discharged from the hospital. Hence, there is a need for post-discharge follow-up especially for high-risk patients, to deter readmission rates (Potera, 2009).
This paper aims to discuss methods of monitoring solution implementation; evaluate the solution; and lastly, tackle outcome measures and data collection evaluation.
Monitoring
Monitoring is a scheduled collection and analysis of data so as to track the progress of the implemented solution and ensure that the solution is in compliance with the set health standard regarding patient discharge (Popejoy, L.L., et al., 2015). Monitoring is a critical aspect of any implementation process since it helps in establishing patterns and coming up with strategies for proper management and quality improvement. Monitoring and evaluation in the health care sector are paramount in ensuring quality services. It is critical to monitor the implemented solutions for the issues affecting patient-centered care and discharge planning(Potera, 2009).
The Stetler Model assists in the monitoring of the solution using its steps. “The monitoring consists of preparation, validation, decision-making, application and finally evaluation according to the steps of the Stetler Model (Stetler, 2001).” The preparation formonitoring begins with the purpose; sources of the evidence of the research; and then the context of health care. The identification of purpose depends on the solution proposed. Therefore, the contextual factors must be examined to determine the appropriate monitoring strategy.
The second phase is the validation of the monitoring process. The solution identified was for the IDT to ensure that patients receive individualized care, which are carried out post hospitalization and prevent patients returning to the hospital. Therefore, the patient-centered care and reduction of readmission would be the ultimate goal of monitoring. The monitoring process starts with the formulation of healthcare providers with unified policy-driven structure ensuring that there are proper communication and coordination and culminates with patient being released in the community.
Evaluation
All the IDT will be involved in the designing as well as the implementation of the program. Stakeholders are expected to obtain and report their expertise, perspectives and feedback. The next step will be clarifying the scope of the solution plan. In this case, the sc ...
Approaches to Improve Malaria Outcomes_Debra Prosnitz_4.25.13CORE Group
The document reviews malaria prevention and treatment approaches used in USAID's Child Survival and Health Grants Program projects. It finds that the projects improved key malaria indicators like child ITN use and treatment of fevers, though national data showed smaller gains. Behavior change communication strategies included involvement in developing national tools, replication of effective approaches, and adjustments based on evaluation. Gaps identified included addressing malaria in pregnancy, demand creation with limited supplies, addressing low risk perception, improving materials for illiterate groups, and sustainability planning. Recommendations include more detailed reporting on community mobilization, promoted messages, and interpersonal contact quality and frequency.
Maternal Health Care Utilization and Subsequent Contraceptive UseMEASURE Evaluation
Findings from research conducted using secondary data from Kenya and Zambia to determine if there is a causal relationship between maternal health care utlization and susequent contraceptive use.
Evidence & Implementation of Strategies to Strengthen Health ServicesIDS
This presentation was given by Peters to the International Health Economics Association Conference 2009 in Beijing. It is research conducted as part of the Future Health Systems Research Programme Consortium www.futurehealthsystems.org.
The document describes several projects aimed at increasing chlamydia screening rates. It discusses the Center for Health Training's development of a toolkit for STD care for American Indians/Alaska Natives. It also summarizes projects focused on community outreach and education for chlamydia screening in rural and underserved areas.
More mobile phones are sold globally over 24 hours than babies born - the proliferation of mobile phones is now outpacing the human population. It should come as no surprise that the obtaining and sharing of health information thru mobile is projected to grow exponentially. Mobile in fact is the only media time that is currently growing.
No matter the regional or local audience---The creation of mobile strategies and campaigns are inherently vast, encompassing; m.sites, apps, social, banners, SMS/MMS, gaming, QR codes, video, augmented reality and much more.
Given the infinite canvas of mobile marketing, in this presentation we’ll explore the importance of an engaging mobile experience that ultimately adds value and improves the users life.
Mobile is truly an indispensable part of all our lives in this hyper-connected world where 91% of adults have their mobile within arm's reach 24/7. And like never before this is the era of the Mighty Mobile in health, wellness and fitness!
This document discusses triangulation survey methods. Triangulation uses a network of triangles to determine coordinate positions of survey points. It is preferred for hilly areas where stations can be clearly visible from each other. The key steps are:
1) Establishing a baseline between two points with known coordinates
2) Measuring horizontal angles at stations to other points
3) Using trigonometry to calculate lengths of triangle sides and coordinate positions of additional points
4) Adjusting measurements and computations to minimize errors
Triangulation provides control points for detailed surveys and is suitable for engineering projects over large areas. Resection and intersection methods are discussed to compute point positions from angle and distance measurements.
This document provides information about planning for aerial photography projects. It discusses key elements that must be addressed in planning such as the purpose of the photography, desired photo scale, considerations around relief displacement and tilt, dealing with issues like crab and drift, and selecting an appropriate flying height. It also covers topics like direction of flight lines, weather conditions that impact photography, and how to calculate aspects like photo scale, overlaps between photos, and the number of photos and strips needed based on the project area and specifications. Thorough planning is emphasized as important for successful execution of aerial photography projects.
1. The study evaluated the efficacy of an adherence strategy using a computer alert system and telephone support to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).
2. The rates of dispensed ART, which indirectly indicate adherence, significantly increased from 2006 to 2009 after implementing the intervention. Viral load levels also significantly increased compared to baseline.
3. A computer system was designed to alert staff of delays in medication pickup and trained personnel contacted patients by telephone. This centralized monitoring combined with communication support improved long-term adherence and clinical outcomes.
- Surgical site infections (SSIs) develop in 2-5% of surgical patients annually in the US, accounting for 14-16% of all hospital-acquired infections and 3% of surgical mortality. They increase costs by $29,000 per patient on average.
- A survey of 103 healthcare professionals found that most facilities have protocols for preoperative skin cleansing, though compliance levels vary. The majority use chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) products and require two or more applications.
- Improving patient education and compliance was cited as the most significant obstacle to reducing SSIs. Less than 10% of facilities used digital reminders or referred patients to informational websites.
This document outlines a proposed intervention program to reduce healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections through a multifaceted approach. The program will use educational seminars, hand hygiene posters, and policy changes to improve provider practices around hand hygiene and antibiotic use. Pre- and post-intervention surveys will evaluate changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. The goal is to determine the most effective prevention strategies and lower MRSA prevalence through a year-long, mixed methods study at a Florida healthcare facility.
This chapter discusses key considerations for developing a protocol for population-based surveys measuring HIV. It recommends that surveys be designed based on the epidemic context and objectives of monitoring the impact of HIV. Surveys should return HIV and other biomarker results to participants and measure HIV prevalence among children when adult female HIV prevalence is over 5%. HIV incidence should only be included when adult prevalence is over 5% and incidence over 0.3%. Developing the protocol takes about two years to cover planning, implementation, and release of results.
This document discusses the development of indicators to measure the performance of community-based HIV programs. It describes an extensive consultation process involving organizations like PEPFAR and the Global Fund. Field tests were conducted in Vietnam and Kenya to evaluate proposed indicators and make recommendations. The final indicators focus on prevention services, prevention materials, care services, and testing and linkages. The indicators are intended to track services at the community level and fill gaps in understanding community programs.
Implement a Direct-to-Patient Approach to Increase Patient Engagement and Ret...John Reites
Article by MM&M (Medical, Marketing & Media) on 25 Mar 2015 with John Reites discussing direct-to-patient approaches to conduct innovation research models that increase engagement and retention.
Weblink: http://www.mmm-online.com/pharmaceutical/implement-a-direct-to-patient-approach-to-increase-patient-engagement-and-retention/article/405443/
12Plan for Evaluating the Impact of the Inte.docxmoggdede
The document proposes a handwashing education intervention for nurses to reduce hospital-acquired infections. The intervention involves a 6-month handwashing education program for nurses focused on compliance monitoring in a practice setting. Studies show education improves handwashing knowledge and practices, but compliance decreases after. This intervention aims to address sustainability by focusing on compliance and conducting education in a practice setting over an extended period. The expected impact is improved nurse handwashing and reduced transmission of pathogens, lowering patient infection risks and improving healthcare quality.
Richard Garfein, PhD, MPH
Professor
Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science
Adjunct Professor
Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Diego
1) The A2 process aims to bridge the evidence-policy divide by building in-country capacity to analyze local HIV epidemics using multiple existing data sources and modeling to understand transmission patterns and evaluate response programs.
2) It involves local stakeholders gathering and synthesizing data, developing an epidemic model, evaluating response impacts, and engaging policymakers to identify effective policies.
3) An example application in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam found investing in prevention of high-risk groups could avert most infections and treatment costs. This informed policy to focus prevention on most-at-risk populations and discuss harm reduction.
The document discusses using local data from a study in Uganda to inform policy and practice around community-based distribution of injectable contraceptives in Africa. The study found that non-clinical community health workers can safely and effectively administer injectable contraceptives. This local data was then used to garner interest, inform policy changes in Uganda and Madagascar, and scale up programs. Further research is exploring expanding this model to other contexts.
MAST and its application in RENEWING HEALTHAnna Kotzeva
This document discusses the Model for Assessment of Telemedicine (MAST) and its application in the RENEWING HEALTH project. MAST provides a comprehensive framework for the multidisciplinary assessment of telemedicine, including preceding considerations, assessment across multiple domains, and evaluating transferability. The RENEWING HEALTH project applies MAST to evaluate telemedicine interventions for diabetes, COPD and CVD across multiple outcomes like clinical effectiveness, user perspectives, economic impacts and organizational effects. Common tools were developed to ensure quality and comparability, including a minimum dataset, common templates, and guidance for analysis and reporting. By validating MAST across diverse settings, the project aims to establish an accepted methodology for complex telemedicine evaluations.
This summary provides an overview of a systematic review of 34 HIV/AIDS mass communication campaigns from 1998 to 2007:
1) The review found that campaigns increasingly employed strategies recommended for effective design such as targeted audiences developed through segmentation, behavior-focused themes, use of behavioral theory, high message exposure, stronger research designs, and inclusion of behavior measures.
2) An examination of 10 campaigns using more rigorous designs found that the majority (8 of 10) demonstrated effects on behavior change or intentions.
3) However, most campaigns still used weak pre-experimental evaluation designs, indicating room for improved evaluation practices.
Using Routine Data to Improve ART Retention: Examples and Lessons Learned fro...MEASURE Evaluation
1. Countries are using routine health facility data to improve retention of patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) through interventions like patient tracing, data review meetings, and improved data capture systems.
2. A review of literature and interviews with experts found that patient tracing is most commonly used but more emphasis should be placed on data use at facilities and communities. Strengthening human resources and community programming can also help retention.
3. Challenges to effective data use include data quality issues, lack of data use culture, limited human resources, and disconnects between community and facility data systems.
1
5
Nursing Research Utilization Project Proposal: Monitoring
The delivery of individualized care is important in ensuring receipt of optimal benefits of care rendered to patients. Discharged patients should be released to community agencies that provide in-home assistive services. The transition plan must consider the patient's home environment as well as the risks for injury and find ways of mitigating them as soon as possible. Service providers should take advantage of family conferences to advise the patients’ family of how to care for the patient after they have been discharged from the hospital. Hence, there is a need for post-discharge follow-up especially for high-risk patients, to deter readmission rates (Potera, 2009).
This paper aims to discuss methods of monitoring solution implementation; evaluate the solution; and lastly, tackle outcome measures and data collection evaluation.
Monitoring
Monitoring is a scheduled collection and analysis of data so as to track the progress of the implemented solution and ensure that the solution is in compliance with the set health standard regarding patient discharge (Popejoy, L.L., et al., 2015). Monitoring is a critical aspect of any implementation process since it helps in establishing patterns and coming up with strategies for proper management and quality improvement. Monitoring and evaluation in the health care sector are paramount in ensuring quality services. It is critical to monitor the implemented solutions for the issues affecting patient-centered care and discharge planning(Potera, 2009).
The Stetler Model assists in the monitoring of the solution using its steps. “The monitoring consists of preparation, validation, decision-making, application and finally evaluation according to the steps of the Stetler Model (Stetler, 2001).” The preparation formonitoring begins with the purpose; sources of the evidence of the research; and then the context of health care. The identification of purpose depends on the solution proposed. Therefore, the contextual factors must be examined to determine the appropriate monitoring strategy.
The second phase is the validation of the monitoring process. The solution identified was for the IDT to ensure that patients receive individualized care, which are carried out post hospitalization and prevent patients returning to the hospital. Therefore, the patient-centered care and reduction of readmission would be the ultimate goal of monitoring. The monitoring process starts with the formulation of healthcare providers with unified policy-driven structure ensuring that there are proper communication and coordination and culminates with patient being released in the community.
Evaluation
All the IDT will be involved in the designing as well as the implementation of the program. Stakeholders are expected to obtain and report their expertise, perspectives and feedback. The next step will be clarifying the scope of the solution plan. In this case, the sc ...
15Nursing Research Utilization Project ProposaKiyokoSlagleis
1
5
Nursing Research Utilization Project Proposal: Monitoring
The delivery of individualized care is important in ensuring receipt of optimal benefits of care rendered to patients. Discharged patients should be released to community agencies that provide in-home assistive services. The transition plan must consider the patient's home environment as well as the risks for injury and find ways of mitigating them as soon as possible. Service providers should take advantage of family conferences to advise the patients’ family of how to care for the patient after they have been discharged from the hospital. Hence, there is a need for post-discharge follow-up especially for high-risk patients, to deter readmission rates (Potera, 2009).
This paper aims to discuss methods of monitoring solution implementation; evaluate the solution; and lastly, tackle outcome measures and data collection evaluation.
Monitoring
Monitoring is a scheduled collection and analysis of data so as to track the progress of the implemented solution and ensure that the solution is in compliance with the set health standard regarding patient discharge (Popejoy, L.L., et al., 2015). Monitoring is a critical aspect of any implementation process since it helps in establishing patterns and coming up with strategies for proper management and quality improvement. Monitoring and evaluation in the health care sector are paramount in ensuring quality services. It is critical to monitor the implemented solutions for the issues affecting patient-centered care and discharge planning(Potera, 2009).
The Stetler Model assists in the monitoring of the solution using its steps. “The monitoring consists of preparation, validation, decision-making, application and finally evaluation according to the steps of the Stetler Model (Stetler, 2001).” The preparation formonitoring begins with the purpose; sources of the evidence of the research; and then the context of health care. The identification of purpose depends on the solution proposed. Therefore, the contextual factors must be examined to determine the appropriate monitoring strategy.
The second phase is the validation of the monitoring process. The solution identified was for the IDT to ensure that patients receive individualized care, which are carried out post hospitalization and prevent patients returning to the hospital. Therefore, the patient-centered care and reduction of readmission would be the ultimate goal of monitoring. The monitoring process starts with the formulation of healthcare providers with unified policy-driven structure ensuring that there are proper communication and coordination and culminates with patient being released in the community.
Evaluation
All the IDT will be involved in the designing as well as the implementation of the program. Stakeholders are expected to obtain and report their expertise, perspectives and feedback. The next step will be clarifying the scope of the solution plan. In this case, the sc ...
Approaches to Improve Malaria Outcomes_Debra Prosnitz_4.25.13CORE Group
The document reviews malaria prevention and treatment approaches used in USAID's Child Survival and Health Grants Program projects. It finds that the projects improved key malaria indicators like child ITN use and treatment of fevers, though national data showed smaller gains. Behavior change communication strategies included involvement in developing national tools, replication of effective approaches, and adjustments based on evaluation. Gaps identified included addressing malaria in pregnancy, demand creation with limited supplies, addressing low risk perception, improving materials for illiterate groups, and sustainability planning. Recommendations include more detailed reporting on community mobilization, promoted messages, and interpersonal contact quality and frequency.
Maternal Health Care Utilization and Subsequent Contraceptive UseMEASURE Evaluation
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2. Objectives:
At the end of the session, participants will be
able to:
Describe the role of data triangulation in program
evaluation
List data sources and approaches that can be
used for triangulated analysis
3. Data Triangulation for M&E
Linking different information sources involving persons, place
and time
Analysis of data from multiple sources can increase the validity
and reliability of findings; it can corroborate findings and
weakness of any one data source can be compensated for by
the strengths of another
Analysis of program level data with outcome/impact level data
can help substantiate the linkage between program
interventions and population-level outcomes/impacts
4. Questions that data triangulation can
help address:
Are interventions working and are they making a
difference?
What changes in population-level outcome and
impact indicators have been observed and what do
they mean?
Can the observed changes in outcomes and impact
indicators be attributed to program outputs?
Are the collective efforts being implemented on a
large enough scale to impact the course of the
epidemic?
Source: A framework for monitoring and evaluating HIV prevention programmes for most-at-risk populations.
UNAIDS 2007
5. Source of data
Repeated HIV and/or STI prevalence
surveys/surveillance
Repeated population surveys with behavioral data
Routine program or service delivery data
Quality of service assurance and quality
improvement assessments
Qualitative studies (in-depth interviews, focus group
discussions, key informant interviews, etc)
Source: A framework for monitoring and evaluating HIV prevention programmes for most-at-risk populations.
UNAIDS 2007
6. When to do Data Triangulation
When interventions have been in place for a sufficient duration
of time to reasonably expect that changes at the population level
may be attributable to program interventions
When interventions have been implemented with sufficient
intensity and with high enough coverage to reasonably expect
effects to be observed in the target population.
When good program-level data (i.e outputs, coverage, quality of
implementation are available) are available
When process evaluation indicates that program activities are
being realized as planned.
Source: A framework for monitoring and evaluating
HIV prevention programmes for most-at-risk
populations. UNAIDS 2007
7. Considerations
Is there a culture of data sharing?
Are data from different sources representative of
te population ofinterest?
Do the time frames of te data points match?
9. Logic of the program in Nepal
Reach people with information to increase their
knowledge and awareness
Provide services to allow them to act on that
knowledge
Expand coverage of information and services so that
so that changes are observable at the population-
level
Improve the quality of services while expanding
coverage (e.g. STI treatment)
Information and good quality services for enough
target group members will lead to service use, which
will lead to safer behaviour and lower risk of
exposure to HIV
Source: FHI Regional Office, Bangkok.
10. Number of sex workers reached and contacts by type of staff
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
Total Number Reached
Total Number of Contacts -
Outreach Workers
Total Number of Contacts -
Peer Educators
FHI Nepal, 2005
Program records indicate the program is being
delivered and reaching more of the target
population through more channels over time
Source: FHI Regional Office, Bangkok.
11. This increasing coverage is confirmed by FSWs in
target areas
(exposure to NGO-related activities among FSWs, 1998 – 2002)
29 31
61.8
68.3
32.3 30
47.8
64.8
38.5
48
63
74
52
44.3
68
21.5 19.3
39.3
44.3
56.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Percentage
(%)
Received condoms
Received brochures/booklets/pamphlets
Received other information about HIV/AIDS
Received items/information from all three sources
Source: FHI Regional Office, Bangkok.
12. There were signs of improved quality of
services e.g. STI diagnosis and treatment
Quality Criteria Situation Prior to Dec. 2003 Current Situation
Treatment All STI patients receiving treatment as per the STI
management guidelines. Drug quality needs to
be standardized. Follow up visits are
infrequent.
Compliance of the drug therapy cannot be assured
with multi-dose drugs.
Drugs supply is of better quality. Drugs are mostly single
dose and taken under direct observation, improving
compliance
Clinic location &
accessibility
Most static clinics placed centrally in the town and
are easily accessible but mobile clinics are kept
at DIC or government owned offices and
changed from time to time
Static clinics which were not appropriately located have
been changed and improved
Clinic setup Clinics have mostly 3 rooms one each for
registration, consultation and laboratory test.
Only some of the clinics have private rooms for
consultation and examination
VCT now integrated into STI clinics, and a separate room
for counseling has been added in most static clinics
Staffing Clinical teams consist of 3 persons: one medical
officer, a staff nurse and a laboratory
technician. Frequent turnover of the trained
staff.
Addition of one trained VCT counselor in static clinics.
Staff turnover rate has decreased.
Clinical Skill General history taking, general and genital
examination are performed confidently, oral
and anal examinations are not routinely
conducted
Improved sexual history taking skills and clinical skills,
but regular guidance still needed.
Source: FHI Regional Office, Bangkok.
13. Trends in desirable outcomes are evident –
Knowledge of condoms is high among FSWs and condom carrying
behavior is increasing over time, 1998 - 2002
94.5 98 98.3 99.3
92.8 95.8 97.9 96.9
92.2
85
28.3
34.7
39.3
54.8
58.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Percentage
(%)
Ever heard of condoms
Know using condom can prevent HIV transmission
Usually carry condoms with them
Source: FHI Regional Office, Bangkok.
14. Trends in Desirable Outcomes are evident –
Condom use with clients among FSWs is increasing steadily over
time, 1998 - 2002
77.5
82.3
94 95
61.8
67
87.3 90.3
33
40.3
51 54.3
19.8
26.5
36.3
40.2
93.3
86
44.8
38.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Percentage
(%)
Ever use of condoms
Use of condoms with last client
Consistent use of condoms with clients in the past year
Gave condom to client at last sex
Source: FHI Regional Office, Bangkok.
15. Those Reached by the Program Have Safer Behaviors:
Exposure to various NGO-related activities in the past year impacts on
consistent condom use with clients among FSWs - 2002
64.8 65.7
36.7 37.3
61.5
38.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Received condoms Received brochures &
materials
Received IPC information
about HIV/AIDS
Consistent
Condom
Use
(%)
Exposed Unexposed
Source: FHI Regional Office, Bangkok.
16. There is evidence of a favourable Dose-Response
relationship:
Greater exposure to various NGO-related activities results in better condom
use behavior - 2002
24.6
33.3
75.8
28.2
39.7 42.1
68
69.2
76.2
83.9
91.9
48.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
None Any one* Any two* All three*
Percentage
(%)
Carrying condoms Consistent condom use with clients
Consistent condom use with regular clients
*1) Received condoms, 2) received brochures/materials, 3) received IPC information about HIV/AIDS
Source: FHI Regional Office, Bangkok.
17. Summary of Key Findings among FSWs
Program activities have expanded in scale and improved in
quality
HIV and STI prevalence are decreasing over time
Knowledge of condoms is high and consistent condom use is
increasing and high among clients and regular clients
Exposure to NGO-related information sources about HIV/AIDS
and condoms is increasing and high
Exposure to various NGO-related activities is increasing and
high
Exposure to NGO-related activities is strongly linked with
condom carrying & consistent condom use in a dose-response
manner
Source: FHI Regional Office, Bangkok.
19. Overview of Botswana Triangulation
Objective:
To develop a model to measure the impacts of
ART and PMTCT programs on adult and child
mortality
Application:
Provide timely information on the impact of
national scale-up of ART for policy and
programmatic decision making
Source: Case Study. Country-enhanced monitoring
and evaluation for antiretroviral therapy scale-up:
analysis and use of strategic information in
Botswana. WHO 2006.
20. Approach
Meetings with stakeholders to identify objectives of
analysis
Identification and compilation of data from many sources
Vital statistics (morbidity and mortality)
Population survey data
Patient Management systems (HMIS)
Program data (i.e. HIV testing, ART)
Examination of trends in HIV prevalence and mortality in
relation to ART and PMTCT availability and service
uptake
Source: Case Study. Country-enhanced monitoring
and evaluation for antiretroviral therapy scale-up:
analysis and use of strategic information in
Botswana. WHO 2006.
21. Source: Case Study. Country-enhanced monitoring and
evaluation for antiretroviral therapy scale-up: analysis
and use of strategic information in Botswana. WHO
2006.
22. Source: Case Study. Country-enhanced monitoring and
evaluation for antiretroviral therapy scale-up: analysis
and use of strategic information in Botswana. WHO
2006.
23. Source: Case Study. Country-enhanced monitoring and
evaluation for antiretroviral therapy scale-up: analysis
and use of strategic information in Botswana. WHO
2006.
24. Conclusions of Botswana
Analysis
Since the inception the ART programme,
Botswana has achieved reductions in mortality of
adults aged 25–54 years
Reduced mortality is associated with early
initiation of district ART programmes and with the
overall rate of ART uptake in the district.
Source: Case Study. Country-enhanced monitoring and evaluation for antiretroviral therapy scale-up: analysis and use of
strategic information in Botswana. WHO 2006.
Source: Case Study. Country-enhanced monitoring and
evaluation for antiretroviral therapy scale-up: analysis
and use of strategic information in Botswana. WHO
2006.
25. Strengths and Limitations of
Triangulation
Strengths
Pre-existing data sources are used
Can provide relatively rapid results
Limitations
Existing data may be insufficient
Institutional barriers to data sharing
26. Triangulation Resources
HIV Triangulation Resource Guide: Synthesis of
Results from Multiple Data Sources for Evaluation
and Decision-making (WHO 2009)
Data Triangulation for HIV Prevention Program
Evaluation in Low and Conncetrated Epidemics (FHI
2010)
27. MEASURE Evaluation is a MEASURE project funded by the
U.S. Agency for International Development and implemented by
the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill in partnership with Futures Group International,
ICF Macro, John Snow, Inc., Management Sciences for Health,
and Tulane University. Views expressed in this presentation do not
necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government.
MEASURE Evaluation is the USAID Global Health Bureau's
primary vehicle for supporting improvements in monitoring and
evaluation in population, health and nutrition worldwide.