The document introduces Oracle's new SPARC T4 servers and SPARC SuperCluster solution. It provides details on the SPARC T4 processor architecture and its 5x single-thread performance increase over prior generations. It then describes the SPARC T4 server product line and highlights the performance and value advantages of the SPARC SuperCluster solution for data center consolidation, which combines SPARC T4 servers with Exadata storage.
The NextServer Evo from NextComputing offers extreme performance and storage density in a small 3U rackmount form factor. It utilizes modular components that allow for flexible configurations with up to dual quad-core processors, 32GB RAM, and 16 front-access removable hard drives up to 2TB each. The system provides high-speed expansion slots, RAID support, and supports both 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems, offering a powerful yet flexible data streaming solution.
The document discusses Linux support for the ARM 64-bit (AArch64) architecture. It covers key aspects of the AArch64 instruction set like 64-bit registers and memory accesses. It describes the exception model with multiple privilege levels and modes for virtualization. It also summarizes the Linux kernel port to AArch64 including boot process, memory management support, and compatibility for 32-bit applications. Future work is outlined to improve platform support and add new features to the AArch64 version of Linux.
This document provides a quick reference guide for IBM POWER7 Express systems, including BladeCenter and Power server models. It lists the key specifications of each system such as number of processor sockets and cores, memory capacity, storage bays, PCI slots, warranty information, and supported IBM i levels. The systems range from small single socket blade servers to larger multi-socket 4U rack and tower models with up to 32 processor cores and 512GB RAM.
This document summarizes recent advancements in netmap and VALE (mSwitch).
Netmap is a fast packet I/O mechanism that removes unnecessary metadata and reduces data copies between the NIC and user-space. VALE (mSwitch) is a netmap-based software switch that can achieve line-rate packet forwarding using a minimal packet representation and efficient forwarding algorithms. Evaluation shows the bare mSwitch can saturate 10Gbps links with low CPU usage and scales well with number of ports. The document outlines the key techniques that enable high performance, including netmap, list-based forwarding, and separating packet processing from the switching fabric.
Makoto Yui, Jun Miyazaki, Shunsuke Uemura and Hayato Yamana. ``Nb-GCLOCK: A Non-blocking Buffer Management based on the Generalized CLOCK'',
Proc. ICDE, March 2010.
The document discusses techniques for improving network and I/O performance between the network interface card (NIC) and CPU. It describes technologies like TCP offloading, receive side scaling, and Intel I/O acceleration features that distribute processing load away from the CPU to improve throughput and reduce latency. Optimization goals include more efficiently handling interrupts and direct memory access to reduce CPU utilization for network tasks.
The NextServer Evo from NextComputing offers extreme performance and storage density in a small 3U rackmount form factor. It utilizes modular components that allow for flexible configurations with up to dual quad-core processors, 32GB RAM, and 16 front-access removable hard drives up to 2TB each. The system provides high-speed expansion slots, RAID support, and supports both 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems, offering a powerful yet flexible data streaming solution.
The document discusses Linux support for the ARM 64-bit (AArch64) architecture. It covers key aspects of the AArch64 instruction set like 64-bit registers and memory accesses. It describes the exception model with multiple privilege levels and modes for virtualization. It also summarizes the Linux kernel port to AArch64 including boot process, memory management support, and compatibility for 32-bit applications. Future work is outlined to improve platform support and add new features to the AArch64 version of Linux.
This document provides a quick reference guide for IBM POWER7 Express systems, including BladeCenter and Power server models. It lists the key specifications of each system such as number of processor sockets and cores, memory capacity, storage bays, PCI slots, warranty information, and supported IBM i levels. The systems range from small single socket blade servers to larger multi-socket 4U rack and tower models with up to 32 processor cores and 512GB RAM.
This document summarizes recent advancements in netmap and VALE (mSwitch).
Netmap is a fast packet I/O mechanism that removes unnecessary metadata and reduces data copies between the NIC and user-space. VALE (mSwitch) is a netmap-based software switch that can achieve line-rate packet forwarding using a minimal packet representation and efficient forwarding algorithms. Evaluation shows the bare mSwitch can saturate 10Gbps links with low CPU usage and scales well with number of ports. The document outlines the key techniques that enable high performance, including netmap, list-based forwarding, and separating packet processing from the switching fabric.
Makoto Yui, Jun Miyazaki, Shunsuke Uemura and Hayato Yamana. ``Nb-GCLOCK: A Non-blocking Buffer Management based on the Generalized CLOCK'',
Proc. ICDE, March 2010.
The document discusses techniques for improving network and I/O performance between the network interface card (NIC) and CPU. It describes technologies like TCP offloading, receive side scaling, and Intel I/O acceleration features that distribute processing load away from the CPU to improve throughput and reduce latency. Optimization goals include more efficiently handling interrupts and direct memory access to reduce CPU utilization for network tasks.
Dell Technologies Dell EMC ISILON Storage On One Single Page - POSTER - v1a S...Smarter.World
The Dell EMC ISILON storage system specifications on one single page.
Dell Technologies is a unique family of businesses that provides the essential infrastructure for organizations to build their digital future, transform IT and protect their most important asset, information.
ISO A0 poster edition - v1a September 2019
Netmap is a framework that allows applications to access network interface controller (NIC) hardware at near line-rate speeds. It reduces packet processing costs by eliminating system calls, memory copies between layers, and memory allocation/deallocation. Netmap provides applications with direct access to NIC buffers and rings via memory mapping, allowing packets to bypass the kernel for fast I/O. It also supports multi-queue NICs and provides rings for the host stack to still use the NIC while netmap applications have access.
Dell Technologies Dell EMC Data Protection Solutions On One Single Page - POS...Smarter.World
The Dell EMC Data Protection solutions and specifications on one single page.
Dell Technologies is a unique family of businesses that provides the essential infrastructure for organizations to build their digital future, transform IT and protect their most important asset, information.
ISO A0 poster edition - v2 October 2019
IBM System x3850 X5 Technical Presenation abbrv.meye0611
The document provides an overview of the IBM System x3850 X5, a 4-socket, 4U rack-optimized scalable enterprise server. It maximizes memory capacity up to 1TB and performance for database and virtualization workloads. It also minimizes costs through high performance configurations and internal flash storage. The x3850 X5 provides flexible and reliable platform for compute- and memory-intensive workloads.
This document discusses the potential for higher performance solid state drives (SSDs) using a new interface standard called HyperLink NAND (HLNAND). HLNAND uses a daisy-chained ring connection that allows for higher speeds and scalability compared to parallel bus interfaces. An HLNAND SSD prototype demonstrated single channel read and write speeds of up to 213MB/s and 130MB/s respectively. Next generation HLNAND2 technology is expected to provide up to 800MB/s per channel, enabling multi-channel SSDs to reach over 1GB/s throughput. HLNAND simplifies SSD design and lowers costs by reducing the need for complex protocol conversion and fewer channels to achieve high performance.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for building and running Intel DPDK sample applications on a test environment with 3 virtual machines connected by 10G NICs. It describes compiling and running the helloworld, L2 forwarding, and L3 forwarding applications, as well as using the pktgen tool for packet generation between VMs to test forwarding performance. Key steps include preparing the Linux kernel for DPDK, compiling applications, configuring ports and MAC addresses, and observing packet drops to identify performance bottlenecks.
The NextStream is a high-density 2U rack-mount server platform that can accommodate up to 6 processors and 2 GPUs. It supports single-width and double-width blades, each with up to 2 processors, 32GB RAM, and dual Gigabit Ethernet connectivity. The chassis features redundant power supplies and cooling fans, and integrated switching allows networking of multiple systems. It is suitable for applications requiring high-throughput streaming or a mix of CPU and GPU processing.
Dell Technologies Dell EMC POWERMAX Storage On One Single Page - POSTER - v1a...Smarter.World
The Dell EMC PowerMax storage system specifications on one single page.
Dell Technologies is a unique family of businesses that provides the essential infrastructure for organizations to build their digital future, transform IT and protect their most important asset, information.
ISO A0 poster edition - v1a September 2019
This document discusses multi-core processor architectures. It begins by explaining single-core processors and then introduces multi-core processors, which place multiple processor cores on a single chip. Each core can run threads independently and in parallel. The document discusses how operating systems schedule threads across multiple cores. It also covers challenges like cache coherence when multiple cores access shared memory. Overall, the document provides an overview of multi-core processors and how they exploit thread-level parallelism.
This document summarizes a presentation about Lagopus, an SDN software switch developed by NTT. Some key points:
- Lagopus aims to provide an SDN-aware switch software stack capable of 100Gbps performance, including an OpenFlow agent and extensible configuration data store.
- Existing virtual switches do not provide sufficient performance for carrier networks. Lagopus takes a simplified, modular design compiled using DPDK for high-performance packet processing.
- An FPGA-based 40GbE NIC was developed to offload processing tasks like encryption and packet scheduling for improved performance.
- Evaluation shows Lagopus can achieve wire-rate throughput of 10Gbps and support over 1 million flow
LinuxCon2009: 10Gbit/s Bi-Directional Routing on standard hardware running Linuxbrouer
This talk my 2009 updates on the progress of doing 10Gbit/s routing on standard hardware running Linux. The results are good, BUT to achieve these results, a lot of tuning is required of hardware queues, MSI interrupts and SMP affinity, together with some (now) submitted patches. I\'ll explain the concept of network hardware queues and why interrupt and SMP tuning is essential. I\'ll present results from different hardware both 10GbE netcards and CPUs (current CPUs under test is AMD phenom and Core i7). Many future challenges still exists, especially in the area of more easy tuning. A high knowledge level about the Linux kernel is required to follow all the details.
The document discusses using Lagopus software-defined networking (SDN) switches to demonstrate an SDN internet exchange (IX) at the Interop Tokyo 2015 technology show. Key points:
- Two Lagopus SDN switches were deployed as the core switches in an SDN IX to enable automated provisioning of inter-autonomous system layer 2 connectivity and on-demand packet filtering between internet service providers.
- The Lagopus switches achieved an average throughput of 2Gbps with no packet drops over a week during the show, demonstrating the potential for software switches in next-generation SDNs.
- Previous work to optimize the Lagopus switch performance through techniques like hardware offloading to FPGAs helped enable its
uCluster (micro-Cluster) is a toy computer cluster composed of 3 Raspberry Pi boards, 2 NVIDIA Jetson Nano boards and 1 NVIDIA Jetson TX2 board.
The presentation shows how to build the uCluster and focuses on few interesting technologies for further consideration when building a cluster at any scale.
The project is for educational purposes and tinkering with various technologies.
Seven years ago at LCA, Van Jacobsen introduced the concept of net channels but since then the concept of user mode networking has not hit the mainstream. There are several different user mode networking environments: Intel DPDK, BSD netmap, and Solarflare OpenOnload. Each of these provides higher performance than standard Linux kernel networking; but also creates new problems. This talk will explore the issues created by user space networking including performance, internal architecture, security and licensing.
DPDK is a set of drivers and libraries that allow applications to bypass the Linux kernel and access network interface cards directly for very high performance packet processing. It is commonly used for software routers, switches, and other network applications. DPDK can achieve over 11 times higher packet forwarding rates than applications using the Linux kernel network stack alone. While it provides best-in-class performance, DPDK also has disadvantages like reduced security and isolation from standard Linux services.
PyCon India 2011: Python Threads: Dive into GIL!Chetan Giridhar
This document discusses the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in Python and how it impacts multithreading.
The GIL ensures that only one Python thread can execute at a time. This prevents true concurrency on multicore systems. It also leads to issues like priority inversion and the "convoy effect" where I/O-bound threads can be starved by CPU-bound threads.
Python 3.2 improved the GIL by introducing a timeout, but a performance dip is still seen on multicore systems compared to single core. Alternatives like Jython (GIL-free) and multiprocessing can better utilize multiple cores.
NUSE is a library implementation of a network stack in userspace that allows new protocols and implementations to be added more quickly without modifying the kernel. It works by hijacking system calls related to networking at the library level, running the network stack code in a separate execution context using lightweight virtualization, and connecting to the network interface using options like raw sockets, DPDK, or netmap. This approach avoids the slow evolution of making kernel changes and allows network stacks and applications to be updated and deployed more flexibly on a per-application basis.
The document discusses how new business models, technological advancements, and a changing workforce are driving the need for organizations to become "Instant-On Enterprises" that can respond instantly and deliver immediate results. It argues that HP's solutions for application transformation, converged infrastructure, security, information optimization, and hybrid delivery can help organizations flip the ratio of innovation to operations and become more agile, optimized, and secure Instant-On Enterprises.
Dell Technologies Dell EMC ISILON Storage On One Single Page - POSTER - v1a S...Smarter.World
The Dell EMC ISILON storage system specifications on one single page.
Dell Technologies is a unique family of businesses that provides the essential infrastructure for organizations to build their digital future, transform IT and protect their most important asset, information.
ISO A0 poster edition - v1a September 2019
Netmap is a framework that allows applications to access network interface controller (NIC) hardware at near line-rate speeds. It reduces packet processing costs by eliminating system calls, memory copies between layers, and memory allocation/deallocation. Netmap provides applications with direct access to NIC buffers and rings via memory mapping, allowing packets to bypass the kernel for fast I/O. It also supports multi-queue NICs and provides rings for the host stack to still use the NIC while netmap applications have access.
Dell Technologies Dell EMC Data Protection Solutions On One Single Page - POS...Smarter.World
The Dell EMC Data Protection solutions and specifications on one single page.
Dell Technologies is a unique family of businesses that provides the essential infrastructure for organizations to build their digital future, transform IT and protect their most important asset, information.
ISO A0 poster edition - v2 October 2019
IBM System x3850 X5 Technical Presenation abbrv.meye0611
The document provides an overview of the IBM System x3850 X5, a 4-socket, 4U rack-optimized scalable enterprise server. It maximizes memory capacity up to 1TB and performance for database and virtualization workloads. It also minimizes costs through high performance configurations and internal flash storage. The x3850 X5 provides flexible and reliable platform for compute- and memory-intensive workloads.
This document discusses the potential for higher performance solid state drives (SSDs) using a new interface standard called HyperLink NAND (HLNAND). HLNAND uses a daisy-chained ring connection that allows for higher speeds and scalability compared to parallel bus interfaces. An HLNAND SSD prototype demonstrated single channel read and write speeds of up to 213MB/s and 130MB/s respectively. Next generation HLNAND2 technology is expected to provide up to 800MB/s per channel, enabling multi-channel SSDs to reach over 1GB/s throughput. HLNAND simplifies SSD design and lowers costs by reducing the need for complex protocol conversion and fewer channels to achieve high performance.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for building and running Intel DPDK sample applications on a test environment with 3 virtual machines connected by 10G NICs. It describes compiling and running the helloworld, L2 forwarding, and L3 forwarding applications, as well as using the pktgen tool for packet generation between VMs to test forwarding performance. Key steps include preparing the Linux kernel for DPDK, compiling applications, configuring ports and MAC addresses, and observing packet drops to identify performance bottlenecks.
The NextStream is a high-density 2U rack-mount server platform that can accommodate up to 6 processors and 2 GPUs. It supports single-width and double-width blades, each with up to 2 processors, 32GB RAM, and dual Gigabit Ethernet connectivity. The chassis features redundant power supplies and cooling fans, and integrated switching allows networking of multiple systems. It is suitable for applications requiring high-throughput streaming or a mix of CPU and GPU processing.
Dell Technologies Dell EMC POWERMAX Storage On One Single Page - POSTER - v1a...Smarter.World
The Dell EMC PowerMax storage system specifications on one single page.
Dell Technologies is a unique family of businesses that provides the essential infrastructure for organizations to build their digital future, transform IT and protect their most important asset, information.
ISO A0 poster edition - v1a September 2019
This document discusses multi-core processor architectures. It begins by explaining single-core processors and then introduces multi-core processors, which place multiple processor cores on a single chip. Each core can run threads independently and in parallel. The document discusses how operating systems schedule threads across multiple cores. It also covers challenges like cache coherence when multiple cores access shared memory. Overall, the document provides an overview of multi-core processors and how they exploit thread-level parallelism.
This document summarizes a presentation about Lagopus, an SDN software switch developed by NTT. Some key points:
- Lagopus aims to provide an SDN-aware switch software stack capable of 100Gbps performance, including an OpenFlow agent and extensible configuration data store.
- Existing virtual switches do not provide sufficient performance for carrier networks. Lagopus takes a simplified, modular design compiled using DPDK for high-performance packet processing.
- An FPGA-based 40GbE NIC was developed to offload processing tasks like encryption and packet scheduling for improved performance.
- Evaluation shows Lagopus can achieve wire-rate throughput of 10Gbps and support over 1 million flow
LinuxCon2009: 10Gbit/s Bi-Directional Routing on standard hardware running Linuxbrouer
This talk my 2009 updates on the progress of doing 10Gbit/s routing on standard hardware running Linux. The results are good, BUT to achieve these results, a lot of tuning is required of hardware queues, MSI interrupts and SMP affinity, together with some (now) submitted patches. I\'ll explain the concept of network hardware queues and why interrupt and SMP tuning is essential. I\'ll present results from different hardware both 10GbE netcards and CPUs (current CPUs under test is AMD phenom and Core i7). Many future challenges still exists, especially in the area of more easy tuning. A high knowledge level about the Linux kernel is required to follow all the details.
The document discusses using Lagopus software-defined networking (SDN) switches to demonstrate an SDN internet exchange (IX) at the Interop Tokyo 2015 technology show. Key points:
- Two Lagopus SDN switches were deployed as the core switches in an SDN IX to enable automated provisioning of inter-autonomous system layer 2 connectivity and on-demand packet filtering between internet service providers.
- The Lagopus switches achieved an average throughput of 2Gbps with no packet drops over a week during the show, demonstrating the potential for software switches in next-generation SDNs.
- Previous work to optimize the Lagopus switch performance through techniques like hardware offloading to FPGAs helped enable its
uCluster (micro-Cluster) is a toy computer cluster composed of 3 Raspberry Pi boards, 2 NVIDIA Jetson Nano boards and 1 NVIDIA Jetson TX2 board.
The presentation shows how to build the uCluster and focuses on few interesting technologies for further consideration when building a cluster at any scale.
The project is for educational purposes and tinkering with various technologies.
Seven years ago at LCA, Van Jacobsen introduced the concept of net channels but since then the concept of user mode networking has not hit the mainstream. There are several different user mode networking environments: Intel DPDK, BSD netmap, and Solarflare OpenOnload. Each of these provides higher performance than standard Linux kernel networking; but also creates new problems. This talk will explore the issues created by user space networking including performance, internal architecture, security and licensing.
DPDK is a set of drivers and libraries that allow applications to bypass the Linux kernel and access network interface cards directly for very high performance packet processing. It is commonly used for software routers, switches, and other network applications. DPDK can achieve over 11 times higher packet forwarding rates than applications using the Linux kernel network stack alone. While it provides best-in-class performance, DPDK also has disadvantages like reduced security and isolation from standard Linux services.
PyCon India 2011: Python Threads: Dive into GIL!Chetan Giridhar
This document discusses the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in Python and how it impacts multithreading.
The GIL ensures that only one Python thread can execute at a time. This prevents true concurrency on multicore systems. It also leads to issues like priority inversion and the "convoy effect" where I/O-bound threads can be starved by CPU-bound threads.
Python 3.2 improved the GIL by introducing a timeout, but a performance dip is still seen on multicore systems compared to single core. Alternatives like Jython (GIL-free) and multiprocessing can better utilize multiple cores.
NUSE is a library implementation of a network stack in userspace that allows new protocols and implementations to be added more quickly without modifying the kernel. It works by hijacking system calls related to networking at the library level, running the network stack code in a separate execution context using lightweight virtualization, and connecting to the network interface using options like raw sockets, DPDK, or netmap. This approach avoids the slow evolution of making kernel changes and allows network stacks and applications to be updated and deployed more flexibly on a per-application basis.
The document discusses how new business models, technological advancements, and a changing workforce are driving the need for organizations to become "Instant-On Enterprises" that can respond instantly and deliver immediate results. It argues that HP's solutions for application transformation, converged infrastructure, security, information optimization, and hybrid delivery can help organizations flip the ratio of innovation to operations and become more agile, optimized, and secure Instant-On Enterprises.
This document discusses emerging mobile data threats and security challenges. It provides examples of major cyber attacks from 2011 targeting governments and financial institutions. These attacks show an increase in advanced threats and the need to strengthen security perimeters as networks become more open. The document also highlights growing mobile malware risks and increasing malware dedicated to data theft. It introduces Kaspersky's Open Space Security product line for comprehensive protection across complex networks and endpoints.
This document discusses hardware trends and challenges for building exascale computers. It describes the evolution of processor/node architectures including multi-core and many-core designs. Reaching exascale performance will require addressing power consumption, concurrency, scalability, and fault tolerance issues. Evolutionary paths using commodity processors are unlikely to succeed, while aggressive approaches using clean-sheet designs for low-power customized chips may be needed to achieve exascale performance by 2018. International efforts are underway to develop exascale systems, but overcoming technical challenges to efficiently utilize extreme parallelism remains difficult.
The document summarizes the architecture of the Argonne Cray XC40 KNL system called Theta. Key points include:
- Theta has 3,624 nodes with Intel Xeon Phi processors totaling 231,936 cores and 736 TB of memory.
- The Xeon Phi processors are Knights Landing chips running at 1.3GHz with 64 cores each and support the new AVX-512 instruction set.
- The system provides 10 PF of peak performance and uses Cray's high-speed Aries interconnect in a dragonfly topology.
- Benchmark results show strong floating point and memory bandwidth performance from the Knights Landing processors.
In this deck from the Argonne Training Program on Extreme-Scale Computing 2019, Scott Parker from Argonne presents: Theta and the Future of Accelerator Programming.
Designed in collaboration with Intel and Cray, Theta is a 6.92-petaflops (Linpack) system based on the second-generation Intel Xeon Phi processor and Cray’s high-performance computing software stack. Capable of nearly 10 quadrillion calculations per second, Theta will enable researchers to break new ground in scientific investigations that range from modeling the inner workings of the brain to developing new materials for renewable energy applications.
Theta’s unique architectural features represent a new and exciting era in simulation science capabilities,” said ALCF Director of Science Katherine Riley. “These same capabilities will also support data-driven and machine-learning problems, which are increasingly becoming significant drivers of large-scale scientific computing.”
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-lkl
Learn more: https://www.alcf.anl.gov/news/argonnes-theta-supercomputer-goes-online
and
https://extremecomputingtraining.anl.gov/archive/atpesc-2019/agenda-2019/
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
Sun sparc enterprise t5440 server technical presentationxKinAnx
The document provides an agenda for a training course on Sun SPARC Enterprise T5440 rack servers. The agenda includes an introduction, comparison of UltraSPARC T2 and T2 Plus processors, overview of T5440 server features and architecture, memory, networking, I/O expansion, disks, fans, power supplies, Solaris, ILOM 2.0, LDOMs, CRUs/FRUs, tuning and performance, tools and references. It also notes that the information is confidential to Sun Microsystems.
Hadoop can effectively utilize many-core systems with large amounts of processing power and storage. The author tested a Hadoop cluster on a personal supercomputer with two nodes, each containing 48 cores, 256GB RAM, and 64TB of storage connected by 40Gb Infiniband. Testing showed the clustered configuration completed a 100GB Terasort in 241 seconds, significantly faster than comparable Amazon clusters. While Hadoop works well on a single fat node, distributing data and tasks across clustered nodes provides even better performance for large workloads.
How to Modernize Your Database Platform to Realize Consolidation SavingsIsaac Christoffersen
This document discusses migrating a legacy database platform to an Oracle Exadata platform to realize consolidation savings and modernize the database environment. It provides background on the existing legacy environment, alternatives considered, factors in selecting Exadata, planning and operational considerations for the Exadata migration, lessons learned, and references. The key outcome was migrating from a 5-node Oracle RAC environment on aging hardware to a quarter rack Exadata configuration, which significantly improved performance.
The document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from the Intel 4004 to the Intel Pentium IV. It begins with the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 from 1971, and progresses through early 4-bit and 8-bit processors like the 8008, 8080, and 8085. It then covers the introduction of 16-bit processors like the 8086 and 32-bit processors such as the 80386, 80486, and various Pentium models. The document also includes block diagrams and descriptions of the architecture and features of the 8085 microprocessor.
The document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from the Intel 4004 to the Intel Pentium IV. It begins with the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 from 1971, and progresses through early 4-bit and 8-bit microprocessors like the 8008, 8080, and 8085. It then covers the introduction of 16-bit microprocessors like the 8086 and 32-bit processors such as the 80386, 80486, and various Pentium models. The document also includes block diagrams and descriptions of the architecture and features of the 8085 microprocessor.
The document discusses Intel's Core 2 family of dual-core and quad-core 64-bit processors. Key points:
- Core 2 processors evolved from earlier 32-bit dual-core designs and include brands like Conroe, Allendale, Merom, and Kentsfield.
- Major Core 2 models include the dual-core Core 2 Duo and quad-core Core 2 Quad. Clock speeds, cache sizes, and features varied between models.
- Core 2 architecture enhancements like macrofusion, shared L2 caches, prefetching, and 65nm transistor technology improved performance and efficiency over prior Intel designs.
The document summarizes improvements in the Sandy Bridge server platform compared to previous generations. Key improvements include support for up to 8 cores per CPU, increased memory capacity up to 4 channels and 1600 MHz, integrated PCIe 3.0 providing better bandwidth and connectivity, and improved power efficiency. Sandy Bridge also introduces Intel Advanced Vector Extensions for improved performance on HPC workloads.
The document summarizes the evolution of microprocessors from Intel Corporation's founding in 1968 to the development of 64-bit processors like the Itanium in the early 2000s. It traces the progression from early 4-bit processors like the 4004 and the 8080, to widely used 16-bit processors like the 8086 and 80286, to 32-bit processors such as the 80386 and Pentium, and finally to multi-core 64-bit designs including the Core i7. Each new generation brought improvements like increased processing power, additional features, and support for larger memory addressing. This helped enable new classes of computers and applications.
The document provides an overview of the SPARC T4-2 system, including its architecture, components, and specifications. Key points include:
- It is a 2-socket server powered by two SPARC T4 processors with a total of 128 threads and supports up to 512GB of RAM.
- It has 10 PCIe slots, 4 onboard 1GbE ports, and optional 10GbE ports. Storage includes 6 hot-plug 2.5" drive bays.
- Memory is organized across 4 risers with strict population rules to ensure optimal performance.
- Expansion slots, memory, storage, and I/O ports are described in detail.
The document summarizes upgrades made to the SVG supercomputer in 2012, including:
- Upgrading to Sandy Bridge processors with 192 cores and 1.5TB memory on thin nodes and 512GB memory on fat nodes.
- Installing an Infiniband FDR 56Gb/s network with 4Tb/s bandwidth and 1us MPI latency.
- Configuring queues to take advantage of the Infiniband network and turbo boost, allowing up to 112 cores and 1024GB memory per job.
- Benchmark results showed peak performance of 3788 GFlops on thin nodes and 563 GFlops on fat nodes.
If AMD Adopted OMI in their EPYC ArchitectureAllan Cantle
AMD's EPYC Architecture has paved the way forward towards Heterogeneous Data Centric Computing, but it is still limited by it's parallel DDR interfaces. This presentation shows the potential for the EPYC architecture if it adopted the Open Memory Interface, OMI, for it's Near Memory interface.
The Oracle SPARC T4-1 system is a 1-socket, 2RU enterprise server featuring Oracle's SPARC T4 processor with 8 cores and 64 threads. It has up to 256GB of DDR3 RAM, 6 PCIe slots, SAS storage, and dual 10GbE ports. The T4-1 is the successor to the SPARC T3-1 and uses the same chassis and service processor, targeting database, middleware, virtualization, and security workloads.
The document discusses new server technologies including chip multi-threading (CMT) and multi-core processors. It provides an overview of Sun Microsystems' SPARC Enterprise server products that utilize CMT and multi-core UltraSPARC T1, T2, and Victoria Falls processors. These include rackmount and blade server form factors with increasing processing power, memory capacity, I/O capabilities and virtualization support over time.
The document provides an overview of the Oracle SPARC T4-4 system. Key points include:
- It is a 5RU enterprise server with 2 or 4 SPARC T4 CPUs with 8 cores each, supporting up to 1TB of memory.
- It has 16 PCIe slots, 8 2.5" drive bays, and dual 10GbE ports per CPU.
- Other features include RAID 0/1/1E storage, hot-swap fans/disks/power supplies, and ILOM service processor.
- The document compares it to prior SPARC T3-4 systems and provides technical details on components like CPUs, memory architecture, I/
This document provides an overview of Intel processor history and details about the Intel i7 microprocessor. It outlines the evolution of Intel processors from 1978 to 2013, including models like the 8086, 80386, Pentium, and Core i series. The document then describes key features of the Intel i7 including its quad-core design, support for multiple threads, integrated memory controller, cache structure, and technologies like hyper-threading, turbo boost, and virtualization support. Diagrams of the i7 architecture and its registers are also included.
The document traces the evolution of microprocessors from the 1971 Intel 4004, the first commercially available microprocessor, through several generations of increasing capabilities. Early microprocessors had 4-8 bit architectures and contained only a few thousand transistors. The 1980s saw the rise of 16-bit processors like the Intel 8086 and 32-bit processors like Motorola's 68000. RISC architectures like the MIPS R2000 emerged in the 1980s with integrated caches and pipelines. By the early 1990s, microprocessors like the MIPS R4000 and Intel Pentium had transitioned to 64-bit architectures with over a million transistors enabling over 50 million instructions per second.
The document traces the evolution of microprocessors from the early 4-bit Intel 4004 in 1971 to the 64-bit MIPS R4000 in 1991. It describes the key innovations of each generation including increased bit width, transistor count, and performance. The first generation from 1971-1978 had processors with less than 50k transistors and under 50k instructions per second. The second generation from 1979-1985 saw the introduction of 32-bit processors with over 50k transistors. The third generation from 1985-1989 included reduced instruction set computers with over 100k transistors. The fourth generation from 1990 onward introduced 64-bit architectures with over 1 million transistors and performance leadership.
How to Digitally Transform and Stay Competitive with a Zero-code Digital Busi...Agora Group
This document describes a digital platform that allows for personalized application design and automation. It can be integrated with existing ERP and CRM systems. The platform has over 3.5 million users worldwide across 40 countries and Fortune 500 companies. It offers a no-code approach and fast implementation. The document then goes on to describe the various functionalities and modules of the platform, including connectivity, processes, data management, intranet/extranet, and document management.
The document discusses the role of business process management (BPM) in enabling organizational paradigm shifts from reactive to proactive, inward to outward, and low-value to high-value. It provides case studies on using BPM to automate supplier invoice processing, improve sales and distribution workflows using IoT, and leverage robotic process automation to reduce costs. The presentation covers key BPM concepts like data capturing, parameterization, process triggers, and how technologies like artificial intelligence can optimize process rules based on analytics.
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HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
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Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
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5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
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6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
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7. What is Prometheus?
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8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
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9. What is Camel K?
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10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
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11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
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12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
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Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
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Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
4. Introducing SPARC T4 Servers
New Brain. Same Body.
Unheard of generation to generation acceleration
– Up to 5x per thread performance compared to T3 servers
– Starts at $16K – Virtualization and Security included!
– Up to $160K - 1TB of memory included!
T4-1 T4-2 T4-4
T4-1B T4-1 T4-2 T4-4
T4 Processor
• 3.0 GHz with OOO execution
T4 Systems
• Dedicated L2 128KB cache • Up to 1 TB of memory
• Shared L3 4MB cache • Built-in, no-cost virtualization with Oracle VM 9 World Records
• 8 Cores with Private L2 Cache • High-bandwidth and high-capacity I/O
• Dynamic Threading • Integrated 10GbE
• Enhanced Built-in Encryption • Solaris binary compatibility
• Built-in Virtualization
5. SPARC T4 Servers
Product Line Overview
SPARC T4-1B SPARC T4-1 SPARC T4-2 SPARC T4-4
SPARC T4 SPARC T4 SPARC T4
Processor 2.85GHz 2.85GHz 2.85GHz SPARC T4 3.0GHz
Max Processor Chips 1 1 2 4
Max Cores/Threads 8, 64 8, 64 16, 128 32, 256
DIMM Slots 16 16 32 64
Max Memory 256GB 256GB 512GB 1TB
Drive Bays 2 8 6 8
6 LP x 8 PCIe 2.0, 10 x PCIe 2.0, 16 x PCIe 2.0 EM,
2 x PCIe 2.0 EM, 4 x 1GbE ports, 4 x 1GbE ports, 4 x 1GbE ports,
2 NEM, 1 REM, 2 x 10GBE XAUI 4 x 10GbE XAUI 8 x 10GbE XAUI
I/O Slots 1 FEM slots ports ports ports
Form Factor/RU Blade Rack 2U Rack 3U Rack 5 U
Key Differentiators of SPARC T4
• 5x single thread performance increase over SPARC T3 processor while retaining
throughput performance of SPARC T3
• Expanded application workload fit to meet requirements for both multi thread and
single thread applications
6. SPARC T4-4 T-Series Server
Quad-Socket Enterprise-Class Datacenter Server for Consolidation &
Mission Critical Applications
• Compute
– 4x SPARC T4 8-core 3.0 GHz CPUs
– 64x DDR3 DIMMs, up to 1TB memory
• I/O and storage
– 8x 2.5” SAS 2.0 or SSD drives
– 16x PCIe2 EMs
– 4x 1GbE ports
– 8x 10GbE XAUI ports
• Availability and management
– Redundant, hot-plug fans and power supplies
– Oracle Integrated Lights Out Manager Service Processor
7.
8. SPARC T4
5x Per Thread Performance
• 3.0 GHz
• 8 Cores, 64 Threads
• Dynamic Threading
• Out of Order Execution
• 2 On Chip Dual-Channel DDR3 Memory Controllers
• 2 On Chip 10 GbE Networking
• 2 On Chip x8 PCIe gen2 I/O Interfaces
• 16 On Chip Crypto functions
• Balanced high-bandwidth interfaces and internals
• Co-engineered with Oracle software
9 World Records and Counting
9. SPARC T4 Processor 6x 9.6GT/s Coherency Ports
2-4 Socket Scalability
DDR3 DDR3 DDR3 DDR3
BOB BOB BOB BOB
• Replace 16 S2 cores & L2$ used on
T3 with 8 S3 cores and new 4MB
L3$
Memory Controller Memory Controller
• Reuse T3 Coherence, memory
controllers, and I/O interfaces Coherency Unit Coherency Unit
• Features 4MB, 8 Bank, 16-way L3$
– 8 S3 cores, 8-64 threads @ up to Full Crossbar
3Ghz
– Single or multi-threaded
operation per core C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
C1
– System scalability to 4 sockets
• SPARC Core S3
– 1-8 Strand Dynamically NIU PEU PEU
Threaded Pipeline
– ISA-based Core S3
Crypto-acceleration 16KB I$
16KB D$ 2 XAUI 10Gb Ethernet 2 x8 PCIe gen2 @ 5Gb/s
• 4MB Shared L3$ 128KB L2$
8 GB/s each direction
FPU
10.
11. Key SPARC T4 System Advantages
Optimizing the Datacenter
Feature Function Benefit
Faster single threaded Shorter application boot times, rapid
2.85-3.0 GHz frequency
processing batch processing for quicker results
Reduced cost for secure datacenter
Integrated encryption Up to 3x faster security
operation without a performance
engines for data encryption
penalty
Multithreaded Preserve T3 system Time savings due to no application
architecture levels of throughput changes for T4 systems
Existing SPARC/Solaris
Rapid time to adoption of new
Binary compatibility applications run
systems and new service deployment
unmodified
Flexible logical
Built-in Virtualization with Improved uptimes for critical services
partitioning and live
OVM Server for SPARC and higher system utilization rates
application mobility
Reliable, secure and Faster system updates and reboots to
Solaris 11
streamlined operation improve datacenter operations
12. SPARC T4 Innovations Drive
Performance
Proven throughput & single-thread leadership
• Throughput beats IBM Power7 & Westmere
– Direct comparisons on SPECjEnterprise, TPC-H and more
– #1s on Unlimited Apps (E-Business, Peoplesoft, JD Edwards...)
– #1s on Industry Apps
• Single-thread beats x86 & mainframe
– SPARC T4 batch leads on E-Business, JD Edwards, Peoplesoft
– Dramatic improvements over previous generation – up to 5x!
• Security architecture
– Crypto beats best x86 cpu on performance & efficiency
– Secure database, network & filesystem
• SPARC T4 has many unique architecture, pipeline,
instruction, & system optimizations!
13. World Record Java and Database Performance
SPECjEnterprise2010
2.4x faster than Power7 with DB2 and WebSphere
7x better price performance for Java
IBM: One Power 780 T4-4 Servers
$1,297,956 $467,856
14. World Record TPC-H
Beats IBM’s Claims of 4:1 Core Performance Advantage
$800K cheaper and 22% faster than Power7 & Sybase
$125K cheaper and 3.6x faster than HP Superdome & Oracle 11g
TPC-H @1000GB
See benchmark substantiation slides
15. SPARC T4 Servers
More than 50 impressed Beta customers
“At Qualcomm, our testing on the SPARC T4 systems showed huge performance improvements
and impressive results across the operating system and SunRay login server. With the T4's new
CPU performance, RAM capacity and stability of SPARC Solaris, our ‘per system user
limit’ will increase from 100 users on an M3000 to 200 users, while providing 4x CPU
headroom.”
Rob Mallory - IT Architect
“Our benchmark testing of Oracle’s SPARC T4 system on our ERP System led to impressive
results. We saw performance enhancements of up to 4x compared to our legacy
server. Deployment was easy; just a drop in. Our planned worldwide rollout will take advantage
of the SPARC T4’s very modest space, energy and heat requirements. In our production
deployment we plan to use Oracle Solaris virtualization to implement containers and consolidate
several workloads onto a single server.”
Thomas Kleber, Department Lead IT, Kromberg & Schubert GmbH & Co
16.
17.
18. Engineered Systems & Appliances
• Datacenter Transformation Through Innovation
Purpose Built General Purpose
Exadata Exalogic ZFS Storage Appliance
SPARC
SuperCluster
Database Appliance Exalytics
20. SPARC SuperCluster
• Built for Extreme Performance
• SPARC SuperCluster
– Fastest General Purpose Platform
• SPARC T4 Servers
– Biggest Single Generation
Performance Boost in History
• Oracle Solaris 11
– Breakthrough scale, virtualization
and manageability
21. SPARC SuperCluster Architecture
• A Complete Infrastructure Solution for Enterprise Apps
Exadata Storage Servers
• 1,200 CPU threads
• 4 TB DRAM
SPARC T4-4 Compute Nodes
• 97 to 198 TB Hard Disk
ZFS Storage Appliance • 8.66 TB Flash
InfiniBand Switches
• 1.2M IOPS
• 42 GB/sec Storage Bandwidth
• 896 Gb/sec InfiniBand Interconnect
22. Exadata Storage Cells
• 10–50X Performance Improvements
Intelligent storage Hybrid Columnar Compression
– Smart Scan query offload – 10x compression for warehouses
– Scale-out storage – 15x compression for archives
+ + + Data remains
Uncompressed
compressed
for scans and
Smart Flash Cache in Flash
– Accelerates random I/O up to 30x
– Doubles data scan rate primary backup
Benefits test
Multiply standby dev
Compressed
26. Standardized And Simple To Deploy
Lower TCO through Standardization and Simplicity
• All engineered systems are the same
– Delivered Tested and Ready-to-Run
– Highly Optimized
– Highly Supportable
– No unique configuration issues
– Identical to configuration used by Oracle
Engineering
• Runs existing database, middleware, and
Ready custom applications
to Run
– Supports past 30 years of Oracle DB capabilities
• Leverage the Oracle ecosystem
– Skills, knowledge base, people, partners
Deploy in Days,
Not Months
28. Software Stack
Engineered to Work Together
Middleware
Oracle Fusion Middleware
Applications
Database Optional with Exalogic Elastic Cloud
11g R2, 10g and other DB
Operating System Applications
Oracle Solaris 11 E-Business Suite, PeopleSoft, SAP,
for Exadata and Exalogic nodes Siebel, and much more
Solaris 10/11 nodes for applications
+
Management
Oracle Ops Center and Enterprise
Manager Grid Control
Virtualization
Oracle Solaris Zones and Oracle
VM Server for SPARC Clustering
Oracle Solaris Cluster
Oracle Clusterware
29. Oracle Optimized Solution for PeopleSoft HCM
on SPARC SuperCluster
Delivers Cost Effectiveness, Scalable Performance, and Simplicity
Fastest payroll processing
3x faster than IBM
PeopleSoft Enterprise HCM
4x faster than HP
Best response time (HR Self Service Apps)
2x faster than IBM
Highest density solution
SPARC SuperCluster 30% denser than IBM
Oracle VM for SPARC
Oracle Solaris
Oracle Solaris Cluster
Oracle Support and Advanced Consulting Services
30.
31. SPARC SuperCluster
In Conclusion
SPARC SuperCluster provides:
• An ideal platform to support full-stack applications
• Offers all the benefits of an Oracle engineered system
– Integrated compute and storage with an InfiniBand backplane
• Offers a logical upgrade path for existing SPARC customers
• Delivers a compelling & highly competitive alternative to IBM & HP
– Superior performance at a significantly lower price
– Sysadmin savings on initial installation and ongoing support
– Reduced Total Cost of Ownership
32. New | SPARC SuperCluster
Business Value
Extreme •Optimized performance for Oracle applications
•Based on world record breaking SPARC T4-4 servers
Performance •Exadata Storage performance
•Reduced storage requirements
Complete
Lower TCO •Accelerates deployments
•Leverages existing investments
•Runs a mix of Oracle Solaris 10 and 11
Datacenter •Runs multiple databases
Consolidation •Runs multiple application tiers