Travels To India And China2
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The document discusses the spread of Islam in India and China between the 13th-15th centuries. In India, Muslim Turks conquered northern parts of the country and introduced Islamic culture as many converted from Buddhism to Islam. Islam also spread eastward through trade, with Muslim merchants carrying the religion to ports in China. In China, Islam influenced fields like technology and the arts, and famous Chinese Muslim Zheng He helped spread the religion through pilgrimages to Mecca.
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2) They developed plantation systems where new farming techniques increased crop yields but landlords exploited peasants, and the governments tightly controlled agriculture and restricted social mobility.
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The document provides an overview of the cultural and religious connections between South and Central Asia over centuries. It discusses how ideas, technologies, and religions have spread along trade routes connecting the regions. Major points made include that Buddhism originated in India and spread to Central Asia along trade routes like the Silk Road, influencing regions like Mongolia. Muslim rulers also established empires in South Asia beginning in the 10th century. The British colonial period further connected the regions through institutions, education and infrastructure. Trade and cultural exchanges have historically linked South and Central Asia both economically and culturally.
Ancient history of south asia
The history of South Asia began with evidence of human activity dating back 75,000 years ago. Two early civilizations were the Indus Valley Civilization from around 3300-1300 BCE, and the Vedic period from 1500-500 BCE. During this Vedic period, Indian culture matured and major religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism emerged. From 500 BCE to 1200 CE, South Asia was dominated by numerous independent kingdoms, with only two major empires - the Mauryan Empire from 300-200 BCE and the Gupta Empire from 300-500 CE. The early Islamic period from 1200-1500 CE saw the rise of the Delhi Sultanate, which controlled northern India and briefly expanded to cover
Ch.7
The Abbasid Caliphate declined due to peasant revolts, high taxes, civil wars during succession disputes, and the use of Turkish slaves in the army. This led to invasions by the Buyids, Seljuk Turks, and finally the Mongols. Islam spread to South and Southeast Asia through trade along maritime routes and the teachings of Sufi mystics, with most converts in port cities. While some areas like mainland Asia and Bali resisted due to Buddhism and Hinduism, Indian cultural influences spread to the Muslim world through the Delhi Sultanate's rule.
Ch.7
The Abbasid Caliphate declined due to peasant revolts, high taxes, civil wars during succession disputes, and the use of Turkish slaves in the army. This led to invasions by the Buyids, Seljuk Turks, and finally the Mongols. Islam spread to South and Southeast Asia through trade along maritime routes and the teachings of Sufi mystics, with most converts in port cities. While some areas like mainland Asia and Bali resisted due to Buddhism and Hinduism, Indian cultural influences spread to the Muslim world after the invasions of Mahmud of Ghazni and the Sultanate of Delhi.
Indian Civilization 2.pptx
This presentation provides an overview of Indian civilization from its origins to modern times. It begins with the Indus Valley Civilization around 2500 BC, followed by the arrival of the Aryans. Major periods discussed include the Mauryan Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BC, the Golden Age of the Gupta Period from 320-480 AD, and the rule of the Turks and Mughals from 1175-1800 AD. European colonization from 1800-1947 is also summarized. The presentation concludes that while political unity was brief, Indian culture provided continuity and identity over its long history.
647883385-Role-of-Sufi-in-the-spread-of-Islam-in-subcontinent.pdf
The Sufis played a key role in spreading Islam in the Indian subcontinent through their missionary work, exemplary character, and humanitarian activities. They established Sufi orders and fraternities that attracted many converts to Islam. The Sufis emphasized spiritual worship, simplicity, and equality, which appealed to many in India's rigid caste system. Their khanqahs, or centers, provided spiritual guidance, food for the poor, and promoted religious harmony. Major Sufi orders like the Chishtiyah and Suhrawardiyah helped establish Islam throughout South Asia.
PAK STUDY.pptx
The document discusses the origins and background of Pakistan's ideology. It describes how Muslim leaders like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah advocated for Muslim nationalism and identity in the subcontinent. They contributed to the awakening of Muslims through their ideas and teachings, which helped develop the concept of Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims in India based on the two-nation theory. The document also outlines the aims and objectives for the creation of Pakistan as an Islamic democratic state based on principles of sovereignty of God, justice, equality and protection of Muslim culture and identity.
B.S LEVEL PAKISTAN STUDY.pptx
The document discusses the origins and background of Pakistan's ideology. It describes how Muslim leaders like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah advocated for Muslim nationalism and identity in the subcontinent. They contributed to the awakening of Muslims through their ideas and teachings, which helped develop the concept of Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims in India based on the two-nation theory. The document also outlines the aims and objectives for the creation of Pakistan as an Islamic democratic state based on principles of sovereignty of God, justice, equality and protection of Muslim culture and identity.
ADNAN AHMED.pptx
The ideology of Pakistan originated from the Two-Nation Theory promoted by influential Muslim leaders in the Indian subcontinent like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. They worked to raise awareness among Muslims about their distinct religious and cultural identity from Hindus, contributed to the development of Pakistani nationalism, and advocated for a separate homeland for Muslims in order to preserve Islamic beliefs and practices. This ultimately led to the creation of Pakistan as an independent Muslim state in 1947.
aiou b.sc course.pptx
The document discusses the origin and background of Pakistan's ideology. It outlines how Muslim leaders like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah advocated for Muslim nationalism and identity in the subcontinent. They contributed to the awakening of Muslims through their ideas and teachings, and played important roles in the development of the two-nation theory, which ultimately led to the creation of Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims.
Eastern empires
The document summarizes the origins and impacts of the Mongol Empire and Ming Dynasty in China. It discusses how Genghis Khan unified the Mongols and expanded their empire across Asia and into Eastern Europe. While the empire fragmented after Kublai Khan's death, the Mongols introduced Chinese culture and governance concepts to Russia and isolated it from Western Europe. The document also outlines the Ming Dynasty that replaced the Mongols in China and reasserted Chinese dominance, as well as cultural contributions from China, India, and Japan that still influence modern society, such as decimal numbers, gunpowder, and Buddhism.
Religions of Southeast Asia
The document summarizes the major religions of Southeast Asia, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Animism, and Confucianism. It traces the origins and spread of each religion through the region via trade, missionary work, and cultural exchange. It also describes the lasting influences and current practices of each religion in various Southeast Asian countries today.
World History
The document provides information on several historical topics. It discusses the fall of the Roman Empire and the rise of the Byzantine Empire. It then covers the origins and teachings of Islam, the development of early Chinese dynasties, and civilizations in medieval Africa and Japan. It also summarizes medieval Europe, the Americas, and the Renaissance period in Europe. The document compares the Aztec, Inca, and Maya cultures and discusses how the Aztec and Inca Empires were conquered by the Spanish.
Religion and philosophy in medieval india
The document provides background information on the rise of Sufism and the Bhakti movement in medieval India. It discusses how the Sufi movement brought a new form of liberal religious expression within Islam that emphasized equality and universal love. Sufis formed mystical orders called silsilahs and used local languages to spread their message. The Bhakti movement similarly transformed Hinduism by introducing devotion and rejecting the caste system. The Sufi and Bhakti saints played an important role in promoting religious harmony between Muslims and Hindus in India.
Muslim Rule in India
Muslim rule in India from the 12th to 18th centuries had a profound impact on Indian society, culture, and civilization. Islam brought new social, religious, and cultural ideas that influenced many aspects of life in India. While Muslims remained a minority, their interaction with Hindus over centuries led to influence and changes in both communities through developments like Sufism and Bhakti movements. The pattern of Muslim rule saw repeated waves of conquest and cultural exchange that blended Islamic and Indian traditions in diverse fields like architecture, language, art, music, and literature. Scholars acknowledge the transformative role played by Islam in modernizing India and stimulating new social, religious, and intellectual trends.
Arrival of Islm in south asia.pdf
The arrival of Islam in South Asia began through trade contacts between Arab traders and parts of southern India in the early centuries CE. As these traders adopted Islam, they helped spread the new religion. The Muslim conquest of Sindh by Muhammad bin Qasim in 711 CE marked the first establishment of Muslim political rule in the region. Bin Qasim's successful campaign was launched in response to attacks on Arab merchant ships by pirates based in Sindh. Overall, Islam spread both peacefully through Sufi missionaries and merchants as well as through subsequent military campaigns by Turkic dynasties between 1000-1526 CE. The new religion had a significant impact on the culture and society of South Asia, influencing language
Background of Indian Culture.pdf
The document provides an overview of the development of Indian culture from ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley Civilization to more recent history. It traces major influences on Indian culture from religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam to various empires like the Gupta Empire, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, and British Raj. The document also discusses how independence from Britain and the resulting partition of India and Pakistan shaped modern Indian and Pakistani identities while cultural institutions work to preserve India's rich, ancient yet vibrant cultural traditions.
4669.pptx
The document discusses the ideology and origins of Pakistan in 3 parts. It begins by covering the early Muslim traders and Sufis who spread Islam in South Asia and helped develop a distinct Muslim identity and nationalism. It then profiles the important contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah in advocating for Muslim nationalism and the Two-Nation Theory, which argued that Hindus and Muslims constituted two separate nations in South Asia. Finally, it outlines the key aims and objectives of establishing Pakistan, including upholding Islamic principles, democracy, rights and duties, culture, identity, and a balanced economic system.
Crystalpowerpoint
1) In 1492, Europe was undergoing major political changes as powers like Spain and Portugal expanded their territories and influence.
2) The Ottoman Empire, based in Istanbul, dominated land from North Africa to Serbia and Ukraine, while Muslims controlled territories from Iberia to Southeast Asia.
3) In Asia, India was largely under Muslim rule, while China had halted naval exploration and was focusing inward under the Ming Dynasty. Japan was made up of independent warlords after the Shogun was driven from Kyoto.
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Spreading Cultures in China and Southeast Asia.ppt
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