The document summarizes the major religions of Southeast Asia, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Animism, and Confucianism. It traces the origins and spread of each religion through the region via trade, missionary work, and cultural exchange. It also describes the lasting influences and current practices of each religion in various Southeast Asian countries today.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the modern Catholic Church from 1900 to the present. It discusses key events and periods including World War I and II, Vatican II, the rise and fall of Communism, the pontificate of St. John Paul II, ecumenism, and divisions within churches between traditionalists and liberals. It also profiles Blessed Mother Teresa and the growth of her Missionaries of Charity order.
This document provides an overview of church history from the Apostolic Era (33-100 AD) to the Ante-Nicene Era (100-325 AD). It describes the authority and ministry of the apostles, the growth of the early Christian church, and the environment of the Roman Empire. It also discusses heretical movements like Gnosticism and challenges faced by the church such as Roman imperial persecutions during this time period.
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing corrupt practices in the Catholic Church. Luther argued that salvation came through faith alone, not good works or sacraments as the Church taught. When Luther refused to recant his writings, he was excommunicated and started the Lutheran Protestant movement. Other reformers like Calvin and Henry VIII also broke from Catholicism, founding new denominations with beliefs like predestination and establishing national churches. The printing press helped spread new Protestant ideas across Europe and challenged the Catholic Church's authority.
The document discusses the importance of understanding the Torah (Pentateuch/first five books of the Bible) as the foundational revelation from God and the basis for interpreting the rest of the Tanakh (Old Testament) and the New Covenant Scriptures. It asserts that Yahushua (Jesus) and the writers of the New Testament always pointed to the Torah as the source of their teachings and did not view the Torah as being replaced. Establishing the Torah as the scriptural foundation is necessary to properly understand God's word.
The document outlines the fundamental beliefs of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. It describes 14 core beliefs, including beliefs about God as Trinity, the life of Jesus Christ, salvation through faith in Christ, the experience of sanctification, the nature of the church, and the mission of the remnant church in the last days. The beliefs are based on the Bible and constitute the church's expression of biblical teachings.
The document provides an introduction to the Bible, including what it is, how it is divided, who wrote it, and the process of canonization. It discusses that the Bible is a collection of 73 books written over time by various authors inspired by God. The books are divided into the Old and New Testaments. The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew and the New Testament in Greek. The Catholic and Protestant canons differ slightly in their inclusion of books in the Old Testament.
SONG GAME for adventist youth program.pptxJavanFerry1
This hymn title list includes 10 Christian hymns that reference themes of faith, salvation, mercy, and building on strong spiritual foundations. The titles are "Stand Up, Stand Up for Jesus", "Brightly Beams Our Father's Mercy", "It Is Well with My Soul", "Safely Through Another Week", "Called to the Feast", "The Old Rugged Cross", "Rescue the Perishing", "Softly and Tenderly", and "We'll Build on the Rock".
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the modern Catholic Church from 1900 to the present. It discusses key events and periods including World War I and II, Vatican II, the rise and fall of Communism, the pontificate of St. John Paul II, ecumenism, and divisions within churches between traditionalists and liberals. It also profiles Blessed Mother Teresa and the growth of her Missionaries of Charity order.
This document provides an overview of church history from the Apostolic Era (33-100 AD) to the Ante-Nicene Era (100-325 AD). It describes the authority and ministry of the apostles, the growth of the early Christian church, and the environment of the Roman Empire. It also discusses heretical movements like Gnosticism and challenges faced by the church such as Roman imperial persecutions during this time period.
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing corrupt practices in the Catholic Church. Luther argued that salvation came through faith alone, not good works or sacraments as the Church taught. When Luther refused to recant his writings, he was excommunicated and started the Lutheran Protestant movement. Other reformers like Calvin and Henry VIII also broke from Catholicism, founding new denominations with beliefs like predestination and establishing national churches. The printing press helped spread new Protestant ideas across Europe and challenged the Catholic Church's authority.
The document discusses the importance of understanding the Torah (Pentateuch/first five books of the Bible) as the foundational revelation from God and the basis for interpreting the rest of the Tanakh (Old Testament) and the New Covenant Scriptures. It asserts that Yahushua (Jesus) and the writers of the New Testament always pointed to the Torah as the source of their teachings and did not view the Torah as being replaced. Establishing the Torah as the scriptural foundation is necessary to properly understand God's word.
The document outlines the fundamental beliefs of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. It describes 14 core beliefs, including beliefs about God as Trinity, the life of Jesus Christ, salvation through faith in Christ, the experience of sanctification, the nature of the church, and the mission of the remnant church in the last days. The beliefs are based on the Bible and constitute the church's expression of biblical teachings.
The document provides an introduction to the Bible, including what it is, how it is divided, who wrote it, and the process of canonization. It discusses that the Bible is a collection of 73 books written over time by various authors inspired by God. The books are divided into the Old and New Testaments. The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew and the New Testament in Greek. The Catholic and Protestant canons differ slightly in their inclusion of books in the Old Testament.
SONG GAME for adventist youth program.pptxJavanFerry1
This hymn title list includes 10 Christian hymns that reference themes of faith, salvation, mercy, and building on strong spiritual foundations. The titles are "Stand Up, Stand Up for Jesus", "Brightly Beams Our Father's Mercy", "It Is Well with My Soul", "Safely Through Another Week", "Called to the Feast", "The Old Rugged Cross", "Rescue the Perishing", "Softly and Tenderly", and "We'll Build on the Rock".
The document outlines the history of the early Christian church from the resurrection of Christ to the legalization of Christianity under Emperor Constantine. It discusses key events like Pentecost, the persecutions under Roman emperors, the spread of monasticism, and the Edict of Milan in 313 AD which ended persecutions. It also briefly mentions the Protestant Reformation and key Catholic reforms like the Council of Trent and the Second Vatican Council.
The document provides a brief history of the Catholic Church from the time of Christ and the Apostles to the Council of Trent in the 16th century. It describes how the Apostles' faith was renewed after Christ's resurrection, allowing them to spread the Gospel to all ends of the earth. It discusses the early persecutions faced by Christians in the Roman Empire, ending with the Edict of Milan in 313 AD which legalized Christianity. It then covers the rise of monasticism, the Great Schism between the Western and Eastern churches, the Protestant Reformation, and the Council of Trent which responded to Protestant reforms.
New Testament Survey - no.19: Paul - Letter to EphesusClive Ashby
As part of the New Testament Survey Course, Session 19 provides an overview of the letter of the Apostle Paul to the church in the city of Ephesus. This is one of the prison letters of Paul, written from his imprisonment in Rome. (Course taught at Harare Theological College - 2016)
New Testament Survey - no.24 : Paul - Pastoral LettersClive Ashby
As part of the New Testament Survey Course, Session 24 provides an overview of Paul's letters to his colleagues, to provide teaching, instruction and advice on their pastoral work in Ephesus and Crete. These were written during Paul's fifth mission journey, after being released from Roman imprisonment, prior to his execution in Rome several years later. They provide universal principles on church leadership relevant to this day. (Course taught at Harare Theological College - 2016).
The document provides an overview and introduction to The Theology Program. It discusses the program's mission to renew minds and change lives through the study of Christian theology. Key aspects of the program include its intensity in studies, emphasis on irenic (peaceable) theology, comprehensive coverage of topics, and approach of doing theology in a community. The document also defines different types of theologians and categories of theology that will be covered.
The early Church was born at Pentecost when the Holy Spirit descended upon the apostles and disciples of Jesus, transforming them from hiding in fear to going out into the world to spread the gospel message. Led by figures like Paul of Tarsus, the Church grew rapidly throughout the Roman Empire in the first centuries AD despite periods of persecution. Key events like the Councils of Jerusalem and Nicea helped establish unity in the face of theological disputes and diversity within the early Christian community.
Brief History of Christianity: Division of the ChurchHansol Lee
My perspective on the brief history of the Christian Church and its division on the "why" and "how".
Note: when reading, it is recommended you do not use fullscreen as that will hide the notes I have written for it
By Hansol Lee
The document discusses various aspects of homiletics, including:
- Hermeneutics and exegesis in determining the meaning of biblical texts
- Different types of preaching like topical, textual, and biographical preaching
- Key elements of sermon construction like the introduction, body, and conclusion
- Methods for analyzing and structuring ideas from biblical texts into sermons
Learn about the protestant reformation in the 16th and 17th century. The downfall of the Roman Catholic church, Martin Luther and the effects are covered.
Not mine. My Professor made this.
This document provides an introduction to basic eschatology or the study of last things. It outlines three major views of the millennium - premillennialism, postmillennialism, and amillennialism. It also discusses two key interpretation rules regarding how literally to interpret prophecy and whether the church replaces Israel. The document then gives more details on three key eschatological events - the millennium, the great tribulation, and the rapture. It provides the outlines of the premillennial and amillennial views before concluding that the premillennial pre-tribulation view follows the principles of literal interpretation and distinction between Israel and the church.
Paul wrote the book of Colossians to the church in Colossae to address heretical teachings influencing the believers. The heresy involved Jewish legalism combined with mystical elements. Paul refuted this by emphasizing Christ's supremacy - as creator, reconciler through his death, and head of the church. He affirmed Christ's sufficiency and fulfilled the law. Paul encouraged the Colossians to stand firm in faith and live according to their identity in Christ through love, not legalism or asceticism. He closed by sending greetings and affirming Epaphras' prayers for them.
1) 1st and 2nd Thessalonians focus on Christ's second coming, providing encouragement, comfort, and a warning to live holy lives. 2) Paul founded the church in Thessalonica during his second missionary journey and sent this letter from Corinth to encourage the persecuted church to remain steadfast. 3) The letter teaches on holiness, love, diligence, hope, and obedience as they await Christ's return, ending with a prayer for their sanctification.
The document discusses Paul's preaching to the Areopagus in Athens. It notes that the Areopagus was a court that had authority over civil and religious matters in Athens. Paul would have addressed the court either on Mars Hill below the Acropolis, or in the northwest corner of the Agora, where the group held meetings. Christian apologetics aims to present rational arguments defending Christianity against objections and to justify Christian beliefs, drawing from texts in the New Testament that command believers to evangelize and spread the faith.
1. The document is a lesson plan on 1 Peter that discusses dimensions of suffering. It provides objectives, an introduction, perspectives on God and Satan's use of suffering, types of suffering, lifestyle requirements, perspectives and assurances in suffering.
2. 1 Peter is directed at Jews experiencing suffering and encourages courage and purity in trials. Positive perspectives on suffering strengthen readers, and warn that unsaved will face greater suffering.
3. Both God and Satan can use inevitable suffering to meet their objectives, but God uses it to refine faith like gold tested by fire, while Satan aims to devour. Temporary suffering can be for right or wrong, but unsaved face permanent suffering.
Jehovah's Witnesses are a Christian denomination that believes Jesus is God's son, not God himself. They believe only 144,000 people will go to heaven while others will live in paradise on earth. They are known for door-to-door preaching, rejecting blood transfusions and military service, and believing that only they represent true Christianity. As of 2009, there were over 7 million Jehovah's Witnesses worldwide.
The document provides an overview of key terms and concepts in hermeneutics including exegesis, eisegesis, and hermeneutics. It then discusses barriers to understanding Scripture like historical, cultural, philosophical, and linguistic gaps. Subsequent sections cover issues around the inspiration, inerrancy, and infallibility of the Bible. The role of the Holy Spirit in interpretation and the concept of sensus plenior are also examined. The history of hermeneutics from ancient Jewish methods through the Patristic, Medieval, and Reformation periods is surveyed.
- A devotion is a customary popular prayer, often linked to other holy actions, objects or places. Popular devotions during Advent and Christmas include the Advent wreath and nativity crib. Devotions during Lent include the Stations of the Cross. There are also devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary throughout the liturgical year. Devotions to the Holy Eucharist include Eucharistic adoration and Benediction.
The document discusses the sacrament of Holy Orders. Holy Orders is the sacrament through which the mission of Christ continues through the Church. There are three degrees of Holy Orders: deacon, priest, and bishop. The celebration of Holy Orders involves the candidate being presented, examined, ordained through the laying on of hands, receiving the symbols of office, and concelebrating their first Mass with the bishop. Holy Orders is essential so that Christ's ministry continues and provides order in the Church.
Buddhism Christianity Islam - ReligionsHear O World
Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam developed as institutionalized religions between the 1st and 7th centuries CE. As they spread across Asia, Africa, and Europe, each religion encountered new cultures and societies, adapting while also transforming local cultures. Buddhism spread from India to East and Southeast Asia, developing sects like Pure Land Buddhism in China. Christianity emerged from Judaism and expanded beyond Jews with the leadership of Paul. Islam was founded in the 7th century CE by the prophet Muhammad in West Asia. Both Christianity and Islam shaped the governments that promoted them, with Christianity influencing European empires and Islam providing the laws for Islamic empires.
Islam came to Malaysia in the 7th century through traders and spread among coastal communities. By the 9th century, ports like Klang had embraced Islam. Prior to Islam's arrival, Malays followed ancient animist beliefs and some were Hindu or Buddhist. Politically, royal rulers adopted Islam. Locals were attracted to Islam's teachings of equality and justice, which appealed against discrimination based on attributes like race. Over time, the efforts of religious scholars (ulama) helped establish Islamic teachings and administration among rulers, officials, communities and the people.
The document outlines the history of the early Christian church from the resurrection of Christ to the legalization of Christianity under Emperor Constantine. It discusses key events like Pentecost, the persecutions under Roman emperors, the spread of monasticism, and the Edict of Milan in 313 AD which ended persecutions. It also briefly mentions the Protestant Reformation and key Catholic reforms like the Council of Trent and the Second Vatican Council.
The document provides a brief history of the Catholic Church from the time of Christ and the Apostles to the Council of Trent in the 16th century. It describes how the Apostles' faith was renewed after Christ's resurrection, allowing them to spread the Gospel to all ends of the earth. It discusses the early persecutions faced by Christians in the Roman Empire, ending with the Edict of Milan in 313 AD which legalized Christianity. It then covers the rise of monasticism, the Great Schism between the Western and Eastern churches, the Protestant Reformation, and the Council of Trent which responded to Protestant reforms.
New Testament Survey - no.19: Paul - Letter to EphesusClive Ashby
As part of the New Testament Survey Course, Session 19 provides an overview of the letter of the Apostle Paul to the church in the city of Ephesus. This is one of the prison letters of Paul, written from his imprisonment in Rome. (Course taught at Harare Theological College - 2016)
New Testament Survey - no.24 : Paul - Pastoral LettersClive Ashby
As part of the New Testament Survey Course, Session 24 provides an overview of Paul's letters to his colleagues, to provide teaching, instruction and advice on their pastoral work in Ephesus and Crete. These were written during Paul's fifth mission journey, after being released from Roman imprisonment, prior to his execution in Rome several years later. They provide universal principles on church leadership relevant to this day. (Course taught at Harare Theological College - 2016).
The document provides an overview and introduction to The Theology Program. It discusses the program's mission to renew minds and change lives through the study of Christian theology. Key aspects of the program include its intensity in studies, emphasis on irenic (peaceable) theology, comprehensive coverage of topics, and approach of doing theology in a community. The document also defines different types of theologians and categories of theology that will be covered.
The early Church was born at Pentecost when the Holy Spirit descended upon the apostles and disciples of Jesus, transforming them from hiding in fear to going out into the world to spread the gospel message. Led by figures like Paul of Tarsus, the Church grew rapidly throughout the Roman Empire in the first centuries AD despite periods of persecution. Key events like the Councils of Jerusalem and Nicea helped establish unity in the face of theological disputes and diversity within the early Christian community.
Brief History of Christianity: Division of the ChurchHansol Lee
My perspective on the brief history of the Christian Church and its division on the "why" and "how".
Note: when reading, it is recommended you do not use fullscreen as that will hide the notes I have written for it
By Hansol Lee
The document discusses various aspects of homiletics, including:
- Hermeneutics and exegesis in determining the meaning of biblical texts
- Different types of preaching like topical, textual, and biographical preaching
- Key elements of sermon construction like the introduction, body, and conclusion
- Methods for analyzing and structuring ideas from biblical texts into sermons
Learn about the protestant reformation in the 16th and 17th century. The downfall of the Roman Catholic church, Martin Luther and the effects are covered.
Not mine. My Professor made this.
This document provides an introduction to basic eschatology or the study of last things. It outlines three major views of the millennium - premillennialism, postmillennialism, and amillennialism. It also discusses two key interpretation rules regarding how literally to interpret prophecy and whether the church replaces Israel. The document then gives more details on three key eschatological events - the millennium, the great tribulation, and the rapture. It provides the outlines of the premillennial and amillennial views before concluding that the premillennial pre-tribulation view follows the principles of literal interpretation and distinction between Israel and the church.
Paul wrote the book of Colossians to the church in Colossae to address heretical teachings influencing the believers. The heresy involved Jewish legalism combined with mystical elements. Paul refuted this by emphasizing Christ's supremacy - as creator, reconciler through his death, and head of the church. He affirmed Christ's sufficiency and fulfilled the law. Paul encouraged the Colossians to stand firm in faith and live according to their identity in Christ through love, not legalism or asceticism. He closed by sending greetings and affirming Epaphras' prayers for them.
1) 1st and 2nd Thessalonians focus on Christ's second coming, providing encouragement, comfort, and a warning to live holy lives. 2) Paul founded the church in Thessalonica during his second missionary journey and sent this letter from Corinth to encourage the persecuted church to remain steadfast. 3) The letter teaches on holiness, love, diligence, hope, and obedience as they await Christ's return, ending with a prayer for their sanctification.
The document discusses Paul's preaching to the Areopagus in Athens. It notes that the Areopagus was a court that had authority over civil and religious matters in Athens. Paul would have addressed the court either on Mars Hill below the Acropolis, or in the northwest corner of the Agora, where the group held meetings. Christian apologetics aims to present rational arguments defending Christianity against objections and to justify Christian beliefs, drawing from texts in the New Testament that command believers to evangelize and spread the faith.
1. The document is a lesson plan on 1 Peter that discusses dimensions of suffering. It provides objectives, an introduction, perspectives on God and Satan's use of suffering, types of suffering, lifestyle requirements, perspectives and assurances in suffering.
2. 1 Peter is directed at Jews experiencing suffering and encourages courage and purity in trials. Positive perspectives on suffering strengthen readers, and warn that unsaved will face greater suffering.
3. Both God and Satan can use inevitable suffering to meet their objectives, but God uses it to refine faith like gold tested by fire, while Satan aims to devour. Temporary suffering can be for right or wrong, but unsaved face permanent suffering.
Jehovah's Witnesses are a Christian denomination that believes Jesus is God's son, not God himself. They believe only 144,000 people will go to heaven while others will live in paradise on earth. They are known for door-to-door preaching, rejecting blood transfusions and military service, and believing that only they represent true Christianity. As of 2009, there were over 7 million Jehovah's Witnesses worldwide.
The document provides an overview of key terms and concepts in hermeneutics including exegesis, eisegesis, and hermeneutics. It then discusses barriers to understanding Scripture like historical, cultural, philosophical, and linguistic gaps. Subsequent sections cover issues around the inspiration, inerrancy, and infallibility of the Bible. The role of the Holy Spirit in interpretation and the concept of sensus plenior are also examined. The history of hermeneutics from ancient Jewish methods through the Patristic, Medieval, and Reformation periods is surveyed.
- A devotion is a customary popular prayer, often linked to other holy actions, objects or places. Popular devotions during Advent and Christmas include the Advent wreath and nativity crib. Devotions during Lent include the Stations of the Cross. There are also devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary throughout the liturgical year. Devotions to the Holy Eucharist include Eucharistic adoration and Benediction.
The document discusses the sacrament of Holy Orders. Holy Orders is the sacrament through which the mission of Christ continues through the Church. There are three degrees of Holy Orders: deacon, priest, and bishop. The celebration of Holy Orders involves the candidate being presented, examined, ordained through the laying on of hands, receiving the symbols of office, and concelebrating their first Mass with the bishop. Holy Orders is essential so that Christ's ministry continues and provides order in the Church.
Buddhism Christianity Islam - ReligionsHear O World
Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam developed as institutionalized religions between the 1st and 7th centuries CE. As they spread across Asia, Africa, and Europe, each religion encountered new cultures and societies, adapting while also transforming local cultures. Buddhism spread from India to East and Southeast Asia, developing sects like Pure Land Buddhism in China. Christianity emerged from Judaism and expanded beyond Jews with the leadership of Paul. Islam was founded in the 7th century CE by the prophet Muhammad in West Asia. Both Christianity and Islam shaped the governments that promoted them, with Christianity influencing European empires and Islam providing the laws for Islamic empires.
Islam came to Malaysia in the 7th century through traders and spread among coastal communities. By the 9th century, ports like Klang had embraced Islam. Prior to Islam's arrival, Malays followed ancient animist beliefs and some were Hindu or Buddhist. Politically, royal rulers adopted Islam. Locals were attracted to Islam's teachings of equality and justice, which appealed against discrimination based on attributes like race. Over time, the efforts of religious scholars (ulama) helped establish Islamic teachings and administration among rulers, officials, communities and the people.
India is home to many religions that have a long history in the country. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism originated in India and are the major Indian religions practiced by the majority. Other faiths like Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism, and Judaism were introduced in India's history through migration and missionary work. Today, India accepts a diversity of religious communities and guarantees religious freedom for all through its legal and social frameworks.
Interconnectedness of religion , geography, culture and history.pptxShienajoyomallao
The document discusses the origins and histories of several major world religions. It notes that prehistoric humans practiced early forms of religious belief as far back as 40,000 years ago. It then provides a timeline of important dates in the development of several religions, including the origins of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and others. The document also discusses commonalities between the Abrahamic faiths of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It explores the religious diversity of regions like India, West Asia, China, and how geography influenced the spread of religious and cultural beliefs.
This document discusses several key aspects of Hinduism and Hindu culture. It explains that Hindu culture emphasizes respect for elders, with younger people using honorific titles rather than names when addressing older individuals. Some important behaviors in Hinduism include showing respect to elders by sitting to their left, not contradicting them, and serving them first. The document also provides definitions of Hinduism and several major branches of Buddhism, describing their core beliefs and practices.
Indian culture had a significant influence on Southeast Asia between 200 BC and the 15th century. Indian traders, missionaries, and monks spread Hinduism and Buddhism through peaceful means rather than military conquest. They introduced Indian aspects like architecture, religion, art, culture, society, literature, maritime activities, trade, cuisine, and language. Key examples include Angkor Wat in Cambodia, which shows Dravidian architectural influences, and Prambanan temple in Java, which blended Buddhism and Dravidian styles. Indian missionaries and their role in spreading culture through ashrams and hermitages were also important to cultural exchange. Overall, Indian cultural dominance was established through maritime activities, trade routes, and powerful kingdoms with Indian names and heritage
Muslims believe in one God called Allah and follow the teachings of the Quran and the prophet Muhammad. The Quran is considered the verbatim word of God as revealed to Muhammad, and hadiths are traditional accounts of Muhammad's teachings and practices. Muslims believe Islam is the complete and universal version of the primordial faiths revealed to previous prophets like Abraham, Moses and Jesus.
Hinduism is the predominant religion in India and Nepal. It includes diverse traditions and has no single founder. Major Hindu scriptures include the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Mahabharata, Ramayana and Bhagavad Gita. With about one billion followers, Hinduism is the world's third
A Muslim is an adherent of Islam who believes that God is eternal and transcendent, that the Quran is the final revelation from God, and that Muhammad is God's prophet. Muslims follow the teachings of Muhammad as recorded in the hadith and believe that Islam is the complete version of a primordial faith previously revealed through other prophets like Abraham and Jesus.
The document discusses the origins and development of major world religions. It begins by explaining how prehistoric humans practiced early forms of religion and how geography and culture influenced the establishment of religions. It then provides a timeline of important dates in the origins of religions like Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, and Shintoism. It also summarizes the commonalities between the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam which have over half the world's population. The document concludes by examining the geographical contexts of religions in the Western Frontier (West Asia), the Indian Subcontinent, and Eastern End (East Asia).
The document discusses the origins and development of major world religions. It begins by explaining how prehistoric humans practiced early forms of religion and how geography and culture influenced the establishment of religions. It then provides a timeline of important dates in the origins of religions like Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, and Shintoism. It also summarizes the commonalities between the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam which have over half the world's population. The document concludes by examining the geographical contexts of religions in the Western Frontier (West Asia), the Indian Subcontinent, and Eastern End (East Asia).
The document provides an overview of several world religions including their classifications, origins, beliefs, sacred texts, founders, and patterns of diffusion. It discusses religions originating from hearths in South Asia (Hinduism, Buddhism), East Asia (Taoism, Confucianism), the Eastern Mediterranean (Judaism, Christianity, Islam), and their spread to other regions through missionary activity, migration, and imperial expansion. Religions are also classified based on whether they are universalizing and actively seek converts, or are ethnic religions tied to particular populations and places. Sacred sites, pilgrimages, and the influence of religions on cultural landscapes are also examined.
The document provides an overview of various world religions including their classifications, origins, beliefs, sacred sites, and how they have diffused globally. It discusses universalizing religions like Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism which seek converts, as well as ethnic religions like Hinduism and Judaism. The text also examines how religion impacts culture and is expressed in the landscape, including through sacred sites, pilgrimages, and religious divisions and conflicts.
The document discusses several classical religions including Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, and Christianity in terms of their origins, founders, spread, and evolution over time. It notes that Hinduism has no single founder while Judaism began with Abraham. Buddhism emerged from Hinduism with Siddhartha Gautama as its founder, and Christianity originated from Judaism with Jesus as its founder. The religions spread along trade routes and through missionary work, changing as they encountered new cultures and regions. Their interpretations of concepts like the afterlife and challenges to social hierarchies differed and led to divisions within the religions over time.
The document discusses several classical religions including Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, and Christianity in terms of their origins, founders, spread, and evolution over time. It notes that Hinduism has no single founder while Judaism began with Abraham. Buddhism emerged from Hinduism with Siddhartha Gautama as its founder, and Christianity originated from Judaism with Jesus as its founder. The religions spread along trade routes and through missionary work, changing as they adapted to new cultures. Key differences between the religions involve their views on the afterlife and challenges to social hierarchies.
The document discusses several classical religions including Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, and Christianity in terms of their origins, founders, spread, and evolution over time and geography. It notes that while the main beliefs of religions may stay the same, their interpretation changes depending on cultural influences. Key points of comparison include Hinduism having no single founder, Buddhism emerging from Hinduism, Christianity originating from Judaism, and how these religions spread along trade routes and through missionary work. The document also touches on religious texts, challenges to social hierarchies, and beliefs about the afterlife in each faith.
This document provides information about the diverse cultures of Southern and Eastern Asia for 7th grade social studies students. It discusses the prominent religions in the regions, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Shintoism, and Confucianism. For each religion, it outlines key beliefs, practices, founders, and sacred texts. It also explains the differences between ethnic and religious groups and how literacy rates can affect standards of living.
This document summarizes the development of Islamic reformism in Thailand. It discusses how Islam originally syncretized with local beliefs when it arrived in Southeast Asia. It then describes how Islamic reformist ideas originating in the Middle East in the 18th-19th centuries were introduced to Thailand in the early 20th century by an Indonesian political refugee named Ahmad Wahab. Wahab established the first Islamic reform group in Thailand and began propagating reformist ideology. One of his students, Direk Kulsiriswasd, became a central figure in the reform movement and worked to translate Islamic texts to spread awareness of true Islamic principles to Thai Muslims. The reform movement aimed to purify Islam of non-Islamic folk beliefs and
The document provides an overview of the cultural and religious connections between South and Central Asia over centuries. It discusses how ideas, technologies, and religions have spread along trade routes connecting the regions. Major points made include that Buddhism originated in India and spread to Central Asia along trade routes like the Silk Road, influencing regions like Mongolia. Muslim rulers also established empires in South Asia beginning in the 10th century. The British colonial period further connected the regions through institutions, education and infrastructure. Trade and cultural exchanges have historically linked South and Central Asia both economically and culturally.
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world originating in India around 1500 BC. It has over 750 million followers worldwide, with the vast majority living in India. Hinduism is a diverse system of thought with no single founder or prophet, and it believes in an ultimate divine reality called Brahman. The religion is based on concepts like dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha. Hindus worship many gods and goddesses but believe they are aspects of one divine reality. Key beliefs include reincarnation and the four stages of life. Major festivals include Diwali and holidays are based on lunar cycles.
This document provides an overview of several classical belief systems including Hinduism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Daoism, and Christianity. It discusses their founders, core beliefs around existence after death, how and why they spread geographically, and challenges they posed to social norms. Historians view belief systems in the context of the cultures that influenced and were influenced by them.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
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9
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
1. Religions of Southeast Asia
by Cindy Kleinmeyer, Northern Illinois University
June 2004
• Hinduism
• Islam
• Buddhism
• Animism
• Christianity
(Catholicism)
• Confucianism
3. Birthplaces of Twelve Major Living Religions
http://www.wadsworth.com/religion_d/special_features/popups/maps/maps_f.html
4. Origins of Hinduism
Hinduism originated in India; spread to SEA, and other
parts of the world (Australia, Europe, N. America, Africa,
Caribbean)
It is considered one of the oldest religions in the world
and can be traced to the 2nd millennium BC
Hinduism’s origins are traced back through ancient
religious hymns that were composed during this period
In the 1st c. AD, Hinduism was spread throughout SEA
by Indian traders who established marketing centers on
their routes
Brahman priests also instructed people on Hindu beliefs
Some say that SEA was “Hinduized” or “Indianized”
during this period
5. World Dispersion of the Hindu Community
http://www.wadsworth.com/religion_d/special_features/popups/maps/maps_f.html
6. Spread of Hinduism to
Southeast Asia
Hinduism spread to Burma, Thailand, Cambodia,
Indonesia via trade and Brahman priests
Hinduism was the state religion for various SE Asian
states from the 5th – 14th centuries
During this time, Mahayana Buddhism coexisted with
Hinduism in much of the region
After the 14th c. Hinduism was replaced by Buddhism in
most parts of SEA except for Bali, Indonesia
Mayayana Buddhism’s influence faded away as
Hinduism’s influence began to decline in the region
7. Lasting influence of Hinduism on
Southeast Asia
There are very few Hindu’s left in SEA today apart from
on the island of Bali, Indonesia
Hinduism gave rise to famous political and religious
centers at Angkor, near Siem Riep, Cambodia, and at
Borobodur, Java, Indonesia
Although the Hindu population in SEA is small, the
influence of Hinduism is still found in their great literary
epics the Ramayana and the Mahabharata
Many SEA cultures adopted these texts and made them
their own by adapting them to their own cultures
The Hindu principles of absolutism and hierarchy remain
essential aspects of SEA politics today
8. Hinduism in Bali
Hinduism came to Bali via Java which was exposed to a
fairly direct influence from India through literature-
Ramayana and Mahabharata (via traders and religious
teachers)
The Ramayana is a love story with moral and spiritual
themes
The Mahabharata is a poem describing a conversation
between Arjuna and God Krishna
13. Hinduism at Angkor Wat
From the 9th to the 11th c., Angkor Wat was
home to a great Hindu civilization
In accordance with Hindu beliefs, the leaders at
Angkor were god-kings, or deva rajas
The political order was considered to be a
microcosm of the cosmic order
The king was to his kingdom as the god was to
the cosmos
14.
15.
16.
17. Decline of Hinduism
in Southeast Asia
Hinduism lost its influence in SEA during a
period running roughly from the 1200s – 1400s
AD
Hinduism’s influence in SEA declined because
of its elitist doctrine based on the caste system
Later religions including Buddhism, Islam and
Christianity gained popularity because they put
salvation in the hands of the individual
And, because they were more egalitarian
18. Origins of Islam in Southeast Asia
Islam’s roots in SEA are debated: some argue that Islam came
directly from Arabia in the Middle East; some say Islam came from
India via the Middle East; others claim Islam was brought to SEA
through Muslim Chinese traders
Islam arrived in SEA sometime in the 13th c. long after Hinduism,
Animism and Buddhism
It is believed that the Walis (Sufi mystics) brought Islam to Indonesia
(the first entry point of Islam to SEA)
Because SEAsian Islam came via India, and Indian Islam was
influenced by the Turks modified Islam, by the time it got to SEA it
was “softer” and mystical.
When Islam got to Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, etc, there was
already an Indianized culture of Hindu Buddhists
On the island of Java in particular, this created a hybrid culture and
an Islam that was very mystical and spiritual (Malaysia as well)
There is great Islamic diversity throughout SEA due to the syncretic
mix of assimilated religious traditions
19. Adoption of Islam by
Southeast Asian cultures
The Sufi Indians successfully spread Islam to Indonesia,
Malaysia, Borneo and Philippines because of its mystic
quality and its tolerance for coexistence with earlier
animist, Hindu and Buddhist beliefs and rituals
To win converts the Sufis allowed people in SEA to
retain pre-Islamic beliefs and practices that were
contrary to orthodox Islamic doctrine
For example, women retained very strong positions at home and
in society; in many families, women are not obligated to cover
their heads
Pre-Islamic religious beliefs and rituals became part of Muslim
ceremonies (Javanese shadow puppet shows remained very
popular)
21. Southeast Asian Countries: Islam %
Brunei: 63%
Burma: 4%
East Timor: 4%
Indonesia: 88%
Malaysia: majority, but great diversity
Philippines: 5%
Singapore: 16%
Thailand: 4%
Vietnam: small minority
Cambodia, Laos: very small minority
22. Islam in Southeast Asia today
Islam is the state religion in Malaysia and Brunei
It is the majority religion of Indonesia (90%)
Before the 20th c., Mindanao in the Southern
Philippines was predominantly Muslim; it now
has a large Christian population
Southern Thailand is largely Muslim, and Muslim
minorities exist in most Southeast Asian
countries.
23. What Keeps Islam in Southeast
Asia Alive?
Scholars mention two major reasons:
Ummah: a concept that means all Muslims, all over
the world, belong to the same community; when
Muslims from all over the world go on the Hajj to
Mecca their traditional beliefs in a world community of
Muslims is reinforced. Modern communications and
travel technology make it possible for thousands and
thousands to travel to Mecca every year; this
contributes to the evolution of Islam in SEA and helps
sustain it
Education: Muslims schools keep Islam active and
current in the local populations
25. Early Buddhism in Southeast Asia
Buddhism is one of the important religions of mainland SEA
Early Buddhism was founded in Northeast India ca. 6th c. BC by
Siddhartha Gautama; After his “awakening” or enlightenment, he
came to be called the Buddha (the awakened one)
Main variants: Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism
Theravada Buddhism: “the Way of the Elders” stressed respect
for elders; in the 3rd c. BC Buddhist missionaries traveled
throughout India to Sri Lanka and beyond to most of SEA.
Buddhism dies out in India by the 13th c.
Mahayana Buddhism: beginning around the 2nd c. BC, evolved
from other sub-traditions and in the 1st c. CE spread eastward
across the central Asian trade routes to China.
26. Buddha’s Birthplace and Dispersion of Buddhism to
East Asia
http://www.wadsworth.com/religion_d/special_features/popups/maps/maps_f.html
27. Buddha’s Early Teachings: 4 noble truths
life is suffering
suffering is caused by attachments
to ease suffering one must let go of attachments
lose attachments by following the Eight - fold path:
Right understanding of 4 noble truths
Right thinking
Right speech
Right action
Right living
Right effort
Right mindfulness
Right concentration
28. Spread of Buddhism
to Southeast Asia
Like Hinduism, Buddhism spread to SEA
via India through various separate streams
Theravada Buddhism spread to mainland
SEA via India and Sri Lanka
By 500 AD Theravada Buddhism is
established in Burma, and is spreading east
across mainland SEA to Thailand, Cambodia,
and Laos
It was introduced directly to the people (not
indirectly through the ruling classes)
29. Mahayana Buddhism
At the same time, Mahayana Buddhism
reappears and spreads via China to Vietnam
19th c. Chinese Immigrants also brought
Mahayana Buddhism to Singapore and other
urban areas
Mahayana Buddhism is more mystical than
Theravada; they believe in Bodhisattvas
(Buddhas-to-be)
30. Buddhism in Southeast Asia
Today
Buddha established the sangha, the order of Buddhist
monks, that is still flourishing today in mainland SEA
Virtually all male Buddhists enter the sangha to become
monks for at least a short time during their lives; this
provides merit for their parents
The sangha continues to help spread and protect the
Buddhist faith
Buddhist monks are not supposed to get involved in
politics, but in some cases, such as in Burma and
Thailand they do
Mainland SEA is still predominantly Buddhist; in all
areas, Buddhism is mixed with elements of animist and
Hindu beliefs
36. Animism in Southeast Asia
All countries of SEA mix elements of animism or spirit
worship with local religion
During the height of Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism
in SEA, animism was an important alternative that
appealed to ordinary people
Spirits are believed to exist everywhere (but not in all
things): rice fields, trees, homes, roads and buildings
Spirits must be properly propitiated or it is believed that
they can make you sick or ruin your harvest
Animist spirits are often given a designated home, such
as in a building or a simple shrine, so that they may be
located and consulted before important events
37. Spirits…
Ancestor spirits: people that were important in this life are
considered powerful in the afterlife
Spirits of the environment (genie of the soil): spirits in trees,
along roads or in waterfalls keep must be propitiated with
food or a shrine to keep these areas safe
Spirits of natural phenomena: consulted as needed.
Examples include sun, moon, storms, and earthquakes.
They represent the uncertainty of the world.
40. † Origins of Christianity in Southeast Asia
† There are only two predominantly Christian countries in
SEA: the Philippines and East Timor
† About 85% of Filipinos and 90% of Timorese are Roman
Catholic
† Catholicism came to the Philippines in the 16th c. with the
arrival of the Spaniards and to East Timor with the arrival
of the Portuguese Dominican Friars
† How did a small number of Spaniards convert the bulk of
the Filipinos to Catholicism?
† because there was no centralized power
† and because animist beliefs left them open to a more structured
belief system offering salvation
43. Confucianism in SE Asia
While most of mainland SEA was being Indianized,
Chinese influence was spreading to Vietnam
With the Chinese came Confucianism: a belief system
begun by the moral philosopher, Confucius (551 BC –
479 BC)
Confucianism is a complex set of beliefs emphasizing
harmony, stability, consensus, hierarchy and authority
There is no priesthood and no formal ritual
Confucian ideas still have a profound effect in Vietnam,
Singapore, and among Chinese in cities throughout the
region
44. Bibliography
• The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Vol. 1, Part II: From c. 1500 to c. 1800. ed. Nicholas Tarling.
Cambridge University Press, 1999.
• Cooler, Richard. “Buddhism”, www.seasite.niu.edu/crossroads/
• Esmula, Wadja K. “Islam in the Philippines”,
www.geocities.com/WestHollywood/Park/6443/Philippines/philippines.html
• Hussain, Mohammad I., M.D.. “An Introduction to Islam”, http://eawc.evansville.edu/essays/hussain.htm
• Neher, Clark. Southeast Asia: Crossroads of the World, Southeast Asia Publications, Center for Southeast Asian
Studies, NIU DeKalb, IL. 2000
• Russell, Susan. “Islam: A Worldwide Religion and Its Impact in Southeast Asia”,
http://www.seasite.niu.edu/crossroads/russell/islam.htm
• Shih, Anthony. “The Roots and Societal Impact of Islam in Southeast Asia: Interview with Professor Mark
Mancall”, Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, Spring 2002, Vol. II.
• Websites:
www.religioustolerance.org
www.askasia.org
www.seasite.niu.edu
atheism.about.com
www.teach12.com
www.wadsworth.com/religion_d/special_features/popups/maps/maps_f.html
www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/maps/muslimtext.html