Transforming the Genetic Characteristics of Cells
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Steven A. Field, MD teaches high school and college biology courses, including work on transforming the genetic characteristics of cells in the laboratory. Transformation involves introducing plasmid DNA into chemically competent cells on ice, subjecting the cells to heat shock, and allowing them to recover in a rich medium, which ensures that only transformed cells containing the new DNA will grow and divide when plated with an antibiotic. The transformed cells can then be used for further research purposes.
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This document discusses genetics and its applications. It begins by defining key genetic terms like gene and chromosome. It describes the structure of DNA and how genes determine traits. The document explains techniques like DNA fingerprinting and the Human Genome Project. It discusses the use of genetics in areas like selective breeding, genetic engineering, and stem cell research. Both the benefits and ethical issues of these applications are covered, such as using genetic engineering for medicine production or genetically modified foods. Examples of genetic disorders like Down syndrome are also included.
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To BIO 155 students,
Another attempt to give you these PowerPoints. Best regards, Professor Jenkins
WCCCD - BIO 155 POWERPOINT on Ch 1 Characteristics of Life Part I.pdf
This document outlines several key characteristics of living things, including cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, responsiveness, growth, and adaptation through evolution. It distinguishes between unicellular organisms like bacteria that are made of a single cell, and multicellular organisms made of many specialized cells. The document also describes asexual and sexual reproduction, anabolism and catabolism in metabolism, homeostasis, the role of genes in heredity, responses to stimuli, growth and development over time, and adaptations through evolution.
01 biology - characteristics of life
This document summarizes key characteristics of life from a biology perspective. It discusses that biology studies both the diversity and shared characteristics of living organisms. The shared characteristics include levels of organization, acquiring materials and energy through metabolism, maintaining internal homeostasis through responses to stimuli, ability to reproduce and develop through inheritance of genetic material, and capacity to adapt and evolve over generations. It also covers evolution as the core concept of biology, explaining life's diversity and common descent through natural selection and genetic variation over time. Furthermore, it discusses taxonomy and the hierarchical classification of living things into domains, kingdoms, and binomial scientific names.
Stem cell
stem cell are the undifferentiated an unspecialised cells having properties to differentiate into any type of cells in the body.
Howwwwwwwww-do-organanisms reproduce.pdf
DNA replication during cell division leads to copies that are similar but not identical to the original DNA. Small variations or changes occur naturally during the copying process. Most variations will not affect cell survival, but some could be drastic enough to cause cell death. Variations provide diversity that is useful for species survival, as some variants may be better suited to changes in the environment than others, allowing the population to adapt.
Genetic Recombination
The document discusses various mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, including transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Transformation involves bacteria taking up free DNA from the environment. Transduction involves the transfer of bacterial DNA between cells using bacteriophages. There are two types: generalized transduction transfers random bacterial DNA, while specialized transduction only transfers DNA near the phage insertion site. Conjugation involves the transfer of plasmids between bacteria through direct cell contact via conjugation pili. These mechanisms allow bacteria to rapidly acquire new genes.
gene therapy
Gene therapy involves inserting genes into cells to treat disease. It was first tested in animals and then used in humans. The first approved gene therapy experiment occurred in 1990 and treated a child named Ashanti DeSilva for ADA-SCID. There are two main types of gene therapy - somatic cell gene therapy, which targets non-reproductive cells and is preferred since genetic changes are not passed to offspring, and germ line gene therapy, which targets reproductive cells. A common method is ex vivo gene therapy, which involves removing cells like bone marrow, modifying them in a lab, and returning them to the patient.
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Molecular study of Bacteria in relation to heredity and variation
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WCCCD - BIO 155 POWERPOINT on Ch 1 Characteristics of Life Part I.pdf
WCCCD - BIO 155 POWERPOINT on Ch 1 Characteristics of Life Part I.pdf
WCCCD - BIO 155 POWERPOINT on Ch 1 Characteristics of Life Part I.pdf
WCCCD - BIO 155 POWERPOINT on Ch 1 Characteristics of Life Part I.pdf
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- 1. Transforming the Genetic Characteristics of Cells By: Steven A. Field, MD
- 2. Transforming the Genetic Characteristics of Cells Steven A. Field, MD is a Tampa, Florida, physician who engages with the School District of Hillsborough County as science teacher and instructs courses such as AP Biology and Earth and Space Science. Steven A. Field, MD also teaches Introduction to Biotechnology, which includes work on cell transformation in the laboratory.
- 3. Transforming the Genetic Characteristics of Cells Transformation is a process whereby chemically competent cells take up introduced plasmid DNA. The DNA is centrifuged briefly and placed on ice, then introduced in the cells of interest. The elements are mixed through gentle tapping and then incubated on ice for a specified period of time before being subjected to heat shock.
- 4. Transforming the Genetic Characteristics of Cells They are then incubated in a warm water bath and allowed to recover through being grown in a rich SOC medium. Placed within vials in a shaking incubator, the cells are plated. An antibiotic added ensures that only transformed cells remain and these are subject to further preparation steps, depending on the ultimate research aim.