The document provides an introduction to a medical billing system project completed by the author during a training program at Hindustan Zinc Limited. The project involved developing a system to manage medical bills for employees using PHP and MySQL. It allows users to add new employee information and medical bills. Reports can then be generated on the billing information and employee details. The project aimed to gain experience with PHP and provide Hindustan Zinc a way to efficiently manage medical records and bills for their employees.
Co-evolving Code and Design with Intensional ViewsESUG
The document discusses co-evolving code and design using intensional views. It presents the Intensional View Environment (IntensiVE) tool, which was used in a case study on the SmallWiki system. The case study involved documenting the initial version with views and relations, applying IntensiVE to a small evolution, and then a larger evolution over a year. Lessons learned include that an incremental approach to documentation led to better understanding, and checking conformance provided insights into system evolution. Future work includes automating view and relation mining and supporting version documentation.
This document contains the course contents for BBA 4th semester at the Agriculture University Peshawar. It includes 6 courses: Business Statistics, Business Communication, Marketing Management, Pakistan Economy, Logic and Critical Thinking, and Management Information System. For each course, it lists the course code, name, credit hours, weeks, and total hours. It then provides a detailed weekly breakdown of the topics and objectives to be covered for the Business Statistics and Business Communication courses. Recommended books are also listed for each course.
Intention and attention: Intension, extension, and “attension” of a notion o...Vasil Penchev
One can introduce the concept of “attension” as to any unit enumerated above, e.g. as to a notion.
It means both all individuals of the extension as existing and their wholeness as existing, too
Thus, “attension” is relative to “intension” and “extension”, on the one hand, and to the Platonic “idea” and “eidos”, on the other hand
Furthermore, “attension” can be defined as the application of the “philosophical attention” to any explicit or implicit (e.g. contextual) intension
Attension complements intension to the pair of both biggest and least element of the mathematical structure of lattice extended from the intention of consciousness to the idea therefore giving both logical and ontological structure of the notion or whatever else unit
That structure orders the extension in question in a potential taxonomy (i.e. classification of genera and species), the biggest element of which, i.e. the idea of the thing defined by the extension or even that thing itself or by itself, is generated just by the philosophical attention as the corresponding attension
On the contrary, if the notion or unit is supplied as usual by any logical or ontological structure, thus its attension is implicitly certain, too
https://youtu.be/4V18eP4u8Rw
This document discusses the meaning of language and definitions of key terms. It explains that language serves various functions, including conveying information and expressing feelings. Statements can have cognitive meaning by conveying information or emotive meaning by expressing feelings. Emotive language is often used to make value claims without evidence by giving psychological momentum to those claims. To evaluate arguments logically, readers should disentangle cognitive meanings and value claims from emotive language. The document also discusses how vagueness and ambiguity can make language and statements defective from a cognitive perspective.
Marketing Management(Notes for BBA & Commerce)Seetal Daas
The document defines key marketing concepts such as markets, demand, products, brands, competition, and the marketing mix. It discusses traditional markets as physical places for buyers and sellers and different types of markets from a marketer's perspective including consumer, business, global, and nonprofit markets. It also provides definitions
The document provides details about Hindustan Zinc Limited, located in Udaipur. It discusses the history and background of the company, starting in 1968 as India's first zinc smelter. It then summarizes the key departments and processes at the plant, including roasting, leaching, electrolysis, and zinc dust production. The plant aims to improve productivity, recovery efficiency, and reduce costs through emphasis on energy conservation and process optimization.
This document is a project report for a water tank level detector created by four students as a partial fulfillment for their Bachelor of Technology degree. It includes sections on the introduction, previous work, problem areas, their contributions, and project details. The project uses various components like a PIC16F88 microcontroller, MPX2010DP pressure sensor, LM335 temperature sensor, operational amplifier LM324, and 433MHz RF transmitter to detect the water level in a tank and transmit it wirelessly over long ranges. It aims to provide an easy and fast way to measure water levels for industrial and home applications.
This document contains information about a project submitted by Al Mamun Parvez to Jahangirnagar University in partial fulfillment of a BSc degree in IT. The project is supervised by Zamshed Iqbal Chowdhury. The document includes a declaration page, acceptance page, acknowledgements, abstract, table of contents, and introduction to components used in the project. The project involves designing an automatic fan control system using a thermistor for temperature control.
Co-evolving Code and Design with Intensional ViewsESUG
The document discusses co-evolving code and design using intensional views. It presents the Intensional View Environment (IntensiVE) tool, which was used in a case study on the SmallWiki system. The case study involved documenting the initial version with views and relations, applying IntensiVE to a small evolution, and then a larger evolution over a year. Lessons learned include that an incremental approach to documentation led to better understanding, and checking conformance provided insights into system evolution. Future work includes automating view and relation mining and supporting version documentation.
This document contains the course contents for BBA 4th semester at the Agriculture University Peshawar. It includes 6 courses: Business Statistics, Business Communication, Marketing Management, Pakistan Economy, Logic and Critical Thinking, and Management Information System. For each course, it lists the course code, name, credit hours, weeks, and total hours. It then provides a detailed weekly breakdown of the topics and objectives to be covered for the Business Statistics and Business Communication courses. Recommended books are also listed for each course.
Intention and attention: Intension, extension, and “attension” of a notion o...Vasil Penchev
One can introduce the concept of “attension” as to any unit enumerated above, e.g. as to a notion.
It means both all individuals of the extension as existing and their wholeness as existing, too
Thus, “attension” is relative to “intension” and “extension”, on the one hand, and to the Platonic “idea” and “eidos”, on the other hand
Furthermore, “attension” can be defined as the application of the “philosophical attention” to any explicit or implicit (e.g. contextual) intension
Attension complements intension to the pair of both biggest and least element of the mathematical structure of lattice extended from the intention of consciousness to the idea therefore giving both logical and ontological structure of the notion or whatever else unit
That structure orders the extension in question in a potential taxonomy (i.e. classification of genera and species), the biggest element of which, i.e. the idea of the thing defined by the extension or even that thing itself or by itself, is generated just by the philosophical attention as the corresponding attension
On the contrary, if the notion or unit is supplied as usual by any logical or ontological structure, thus its attension is implicitly certain, too
https://youtu.be/4V18eP4u8Rw
This document discusses the meaning of language and definitions of key terms. It explains that language serves various functions, including conveying information and expressing feelings. Statements can have cognitive meaning by conveying information or emotive meaning by expressing feelings. Emotive language is often used to make value claims without evidence by giving psychological momentum to those claims. To evaluate arguments logically, readers should disentangle cognitive meanings and value claims from emotive language. The document also discusses how vagueness and ambiguity can make language and statements defective from a cognitive perspective.
Marketing Management(Notes for BBA & Commerce)Seetal Daas
The document defines key marketing concepts such as markets, demand, products, brands, competition, and the marketing mix. It discusses traditional markets as physical places for buyers and sellers and different types of markets from a marketer's perspective including consumer, business, global, and nonprofit markets. It also provides definitions
The document provides details about Hindustan Zinc Limited, located in Udaipur. It discusses the history and background of the company, starting in 1968 as India's first zinc smelter. It then summarizes the key departments and processes at the plant, including roasting, leaching, electrolysis, and zinc dust production. The plant aims to improve productivity, recovery efficiency, and reduce costs through emphasis on energy conservation and process optimization.
This document is a project report for a water tank level detector created by four students as a partial fulfillment for their Bachelor of Technology degree. It includes sections on the introduction, previous work, problem areas, their contributions, and project details. The project uses various components like a PIC16F88 microcontroller, MPX2010DP pressure sensor, LM335 temperature sensor, operational amplifier LM324, and 433MHz RF transmitter to detect the water level in a tank and transmit it wirelessly over long ranges. It aims to provide an easy and fast way to measure water levels for industrial and home applications.
This document contains information about a project submitted by Al Mamun Parvez to Jahangirnagar University in partial fulfillment of a BSc degree in IT. The project is supervised by Zamshed Iqbal Chowdhury. The document includes a declaration page, acceptance page, acknowledgements, abstract, table of contents, and introduction to components used in the project. The project involves designing an automatic fan control system using a thermistor for temperature control.
1. The document is a cover letter and resume submitted by Subodh Kumar Gupta for the position of HVAC Superintendent.
2. Gupta has over 14 years of experience in oil and gas, real estate, and building projects. He has worked for several large companies.
3. In his current role, Gupta is the HVAC Superintendent on a large petrochemical plant expansion project in Abu Dhabi working for Tecnimont Samsung JV.
Full report Final Year Project ( SMART TISSUE DISPENSER)Syarel Saz
This document provides a project report on a Smart Tissue Dispenser. The report includes sections on the background, scope and objectives of the project. It discusses problems with typical tissue dispensers such as waste and proposes an automated dispenser with features like additional storage and a warning mechanism. The methodology section outlines the use of ISIS software to create the circuit diagram and Arduino for coding. Testing results are presented which analyze the sensor length and tissue dispensing. The conclusion discusses future development possibilities. Appendices include the circuit diagram, code, project plan and presentation slides.
The present condition in Industry is that they are using the crane system to carry the parcels from one place to another, including harbors. Some times the lifting of big weights may cause the breakage of lifting materials and will cause damage to the parcels too. Application of the proposed system is for industries. The robot movement depends on the track. Use of this robot is to transport the materials from one place to another place in the industry.
A robot is a machine designed to execute one or more tasks repeatedly, with speed and precision. There are as many different types of robots as there are tasks for them to perform. A robot can be controlled by a human operator, sometimes from a great distance. In such type of applications wireless communication is more important.
In robotic applications, generally we need a remote device to control. If we use IR remote device, it is just limited to meters distance and also if any obstacle is in between its path then there will be no communication. If we consider, RF modules for remote operations there is no objection whether an obstacle is present in its path. So that it is very helpful to control robot.
RF modules itself can generates its carrier frequency which is around 2.4 GHz. We need to generate serial data using micro controller and fed to the RF transmitting module. On other side RF receiver receives sent data as RF signals and given to another micro controller. Here, RF receiver itself demodulates the data from carrier signal and generate serial data as output.
The document summarizes a case study of implementing lean manufacturing principles in an electronics company. It describes conducting an analysis of current operations, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing changes. Key points:
1) The company aimed to streamline operations and introduce lean. An analysis found throughput time varied from 4-6 days with quality issues.
2) Improvements included establishing flow between workstations, reducing changeover times from 90 minutes to 15 minutes, and moving quality checks closer to where defects occurred.
3) Results included reducing throughput time to 2 days, floor space by 60%, and improving quality levels and production flexibility. The lean implementation improved operations and addressed original objectives.
The document provides an overview of Schneider Electric Pakistan including:
- The organizational structure with various departments like planning, fabrication, design, production, and testing.
- The training program the author underwent, learning about fabrication processes like punching, bending, welding, and painting used to manufacture electrical equipment.
- Details on electrical switchgear and medium voltage switchgear panels produced by Schneider, and types of circuit breakers used including oil, air, SF6, and vacuum circuit breakers.
This document provides details about the internship of Jawad Ali at the HUBCO Power Plant in Narowal, Pakistan. It includes sections on the power plant organization and departments, schedules, equipment nameplate data, descriptions of plant operations and key systems. The power plant uses 11 diesel engines and 1 steam turbine for a total output of 225MW. It operates using heavy fuel oil and has departments for management, technical operations, firefighting, and health.
This document presents a project that aims to monitor field exploration and production lines using a quadcopter and spider robot. The quadcopter will be used to explore lands for landmines and ore mines, monitored by the spider robot. Both robots were designed using various tools. The quadcopter design includes components like an ArduPilot controller board and sensors. It can perform different flight configurations. The spider robot uses a PCB design and will be controlled by an Arduino board. The document outlines the methodology for mine sweeping and monitoring using these robots and discusses the classical and new techniques in the literature.
A report on combine system of air cooler and water chiller by Sanjay Neolia.SANJAY NEOLIA
The Combined system of air cooler and water chiller is developed for providing better cooling effect than the conventional air cooler. It also provides cold water for drinking purpose comparatively at low cost than refrigerator. It also decreased moisture content of the air coming through desert cooler upto some extent.
This 3 sentence summary provides an overview of the key information from the document:
The document is a training report submitted by Jasvinder Singh that describes their 60 day training at KEC International Limited in Jaipur. It outlines the various departments at KEC including personnel, time office, project planning, security, pre-production, model assembly, raw material storage, fabrication shops, quality assurance, galvanizing, and tower testing. The report also provides details on the company profile, processes, equipment used, and raw materials for the different manufacturing stages.
The document describes a training report submitted by Akhilendra Shukla for partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. The report provides details of a 6-week summer training project completed at Wioska Moldings Private Limited. It includes sections on introduction, management summary, proposed system, and recommendations. The training focused on plastic injection molding processes and helped improve Akhilendra's understanding of designing and fabricating molds.
This resume summarizes the qualifications and experience of Srinivasa K.L., a mechanical engineer residing in Dubai. He has over 18 years of experience in HVAC and mechanical projects, including extensive experience in design, site coordination, and project execution. His areas of expertise include duct design, heat load calculation, clean room design, and automation. He includes details of his educational qualifications and past work experience on various projects in countries like the UAE, Qatar, India, and more.
LPG Booking System [ bookmylpg.com ] ReportNandu B Rajan
BOOK LPG FROM ANYWHERE (Mini Project 2016)
During today’s busy life, no one is ready to waste the time by doing the time consuming and hassle refill booking like IVR Booking System. We are proposing a simple, interactive, hassle free, less time consuming and efficient LPG Booking System. This is beneficial for the Gas Agencies also, they get the refill booking requests and consumer details instantly. Our system is futuristic and can be updated according to the future needs easily.
Features:-
To book an LPG cylinder, you should be a authorised customer. An authorised customer can register to the website and get user id and password. After you have registered, you can log on to the LPG portal using the password and user id provided to you.
Pros:-
Consumers can book the refill by just one click, they can post queries or complaints. Needs only username and password. If they don’t have one, the valid consumers can get the username and passwords with simple registration process. The Admin can only access the database, only he can add the consumers and staff. So the system is secured. The authorized staff can see the bookings and the consumer details without any hassle. He can mark the status whether the refill delivered or not. If delivered then refill request will be automatically cleared.
This document is a project report submitted by Samhita Prajapati to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Production Engineering. The report details two projects completed during an internship at Tenneco Automotive Pvt. Ltd: 1) Streamlining the program management tracking system for original equipment manufacturers by creating a centralized database using Excel VBA to track project statuses, and 2) Conducting a time study of a muffler end spinning machine to calculate production rates. The report includes an introduction, literature review, description of the program sheets created, screenshots, conclusions for each project, bibliography, and a section on personal experiences during the internship.
The document provides details about the internship of Aniket Prabhu at KIOCL Ltd in Mangalore, Karnataka from July 2015. It includes acknowledgments, objectives, history of KIOCL, descriptions of the systems and process control departments, safety measures, and snapshots from the internship. The internship provided practical experience of the industrial processes and accounting systems at KIOCL's pellet plant, filter plant, blast furnace, and other facilities.
The event table outlines the key interactions between customers, engineers, and management for the cooling equipment servicing system. Customers can inquire about services, register for maintenance or repairs, update registrations, and pay bills. Engineers provide service sheets after reviewing problem details from management. Management records customer, engineer, and service details; and can update any of these as needed.
This document provides a summary of a summer field training report submitted by Anish Singh at Diesel Locomotive Works in Varanasi, India. It discusses the various departments within DLW, including design, material control, production shops for assembling locomotive blocks, engines and complete locomotives, and testing facilities. It also provides an overview of the locomotives produced at DLW, including specifications for the WDP4 4000HP passenger locomotive. The Loco Testing Shop section describes how locomotives are tested on-site to evaluate performance.
The student visited Flexronics Technology Pvt Ltd, a leading manufacturer of computer peripheral devices. The key points:
1) Flexronics manufactures Public Call Office Monitors (PCOM) and Fixed Cellular Terminals which are used for billing in call booths.
2) The company has departments for administration, quality control, assembly, testing, and packaging. Components are formed, mounted onto circuit boards, soldered, and tested.
3) PCOMs play an important role in call booths by calculating billing amounts based on call duration and location. They detect signals from the telephone exchange to determine when a call starts and ends.
This document summarizes a project to reduce production lead time at a automotive parts manufacturing company using value stream mapping. It describes collecting data on current processes, creating a current state map showing a 12.6 hour lead time, identifying wastes like transportation delays, and proposing a future state map with a reduced 2.25 hour lead time through improvements like relocating machines, improved material handling, and adding a new welding machine. The project aimed to improve productivity, understand waste, and provide a plan for a more efficient lean production line.
1. The document is a cover letter and resume submitted by Subodh Kumar Gupta for the position of HVAC Superintendent.
2. Gupta has over 14 years of experience in oil and gas, real estate, and building projects. He has worked for several large companies.
3. In his current role, Gupta is the HVAC Superintendent on a large petrochemical plant expansion project in Abu Dhabi working for Tecnimont Samsung JV.
Full report Final Year Project ( SMART TISSUE DISPENSER)Syarel Saz
This document provides a project report on a Smart Tissue Dispenser. The report includes sections on the background, scope and objectives of the project. It discusses problems with typical tissue dispensers such as waste and proposes an automated dispenser with features like additional storage and a warning mechanism. The methodology section outlines the use of ISIS software to create the circuit diagram and Arduino for coding. Testing results are presented which analyze the sensor length and tissue dispensing. The conclusion discusses future development possibilities. Appendices include the circuit diagram, code, project plan and presentation slides.
The present condition in Industry is that they are using the crane system to carry the parcels from one place to another, including harbors. Some times the lifting of big weights may cause the breakage of lifting materials and will cause damage to the parcels too. Application of the proposed system is for industries. The robot movement depends on the track. Use of this robot is to transport the materials from one place to another place in the industry.
A robot is a machine designed to execute one or more tasks repeatedly, with speed and precision. There are as many different types of robots as there are tasks for them to perform. A robot can be controlled by a human operator, sometimes from a great distance. In such type of applications wireless communication is more important.
In robotic applications, generally we need a remote device to control. If we use IR remote device, it is just limited to meters distance and also if any obstacle is in between its path then there will be no communication. If we consider, RF modules for remote operations there is no objection whether an obstacle is present in its path. So that it is very helpful to control robot.
RF modules itself can generates its carrier frequency which is around 2.4 GHz. We need to generate serial data using micro controller and fed to the RF transmitting module. On other side RF receiver receives sent data as RF signals and given to another micro controller. Here, RF receiver itself demodulates the data from carrier signal and generate serial data as output.
The document summarizes a case study of implementing lean manufacturing principles in an electronics company. It describes conducting an analysis of current operations, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing changes. Key points:
1) The company aimed to streamline operations and introduce lean. An analysis found throughput time varied from 4-6 days with quality issues.
2) Improvements included establishing flow between workstations, reducing changeover times from 90 minutes to 15 minutes, and moving quality checks closer to where defects occurred.
3) Results included reducing throughput time to 2 days, floor space by 60%, and improving quality levels and production flexibility. The lean implementation improved operations and addressed original objectives.
The document provides an overview of Schneider Electric Pakistan including:
- The organizational structure with various departments like planning, fabrication, design, production, and testing.
- The training program the author underwent, learning about fabrication processes like punching, bending, welding, and painting used to manufacture electrical equipment.
- Details on electrical switchgear and medium voltage switchgear panels produced by Schneider, and types of circuit breakers used including oil, air, SF6, and vacuum circuit breakers.
This document provides details about the internship of Jawad Ali at the HUBCO Power Plant in Narowal, Pakistan. It includes sections on the power plant organization and departments, schedules, equipment nameplate data, descriptions of plant operations and key systems. The power plant uses 11 diesel engines and 1 steam turbine for a total output of 225MW. It operates using heavy fuel oil and has departments for management, technical operations, firefighting, and health.
This document presents a project that aims to monitor field exploration and production lines using a quadcopter and spider robot. The quadcopter will be used to explore lands for landmines and ore mines, monitored by the spider robot. Both robots were designed using various tools. The quadcopter design includes components like an ArduPilot controller board and sensors. It can perform different flight configurations. The spider robot uses a PCB design and will be controlled by an Arduino board. The document outlines the methodology for mine sweeping and monitoring using these robots and discusses the classical and new techniques in the literature.
A report on combine system of air cooler and water chiller by Sanjay Neolia.SANJAY NEOLIA
The Combined system of air cooler and water chiller is developed for providing better cooling effect than the conventional air cooler. It also provides cold water for drinking purpose comparatively at low cost than refrigerator. It also decreased moisture content of the air coming through desert cooler upto some extent.
This 3 sentence summary provides an overview of the key information from the document:
The document is a training report submitted by Jasvinder Singh that describes their 60 day training at KEC International Limited in Jaipur. It outlines the various departments at KEC including personnel, time office, project planning, security, pre-production, model assembly, raw material storage, fabrication shops, quality assurance, galvanizing, and tower testing. The report also provides details on the company profile, processes, equipment used, and raw materials for the different manufacturing stages.
The document describes a training report submitted by Akhilendra Shukla for partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. The report provides details of a 6-week summer training project completed at Wioska Moldings Private Limited. It includes sections on introduction, management summary, proposed system, and recommendations. The training focused on plastic injection molding processes and helped improve Akhilendra's understanding of designing and fabricating molds.
This resume summarizes the qualifications and experience of Srinivasa K.L., a mechanical engineer residing in Dubai. He has over 18 years of experience in HVAC and mechanical projects, including extensive experience in design, site coordination, and project execution. His areas of expertise include duct design, heat load calculation, clean room design, and automation. He includes details of his educational qualifications and past work experience on various projects in countries like the UAE, Qatar, India, and more.
LPG Booking System [ bookmylpg.com ] ReportNandu B Rajan
BOOK LPG FROM ANYWHERE (Mini Project 2016)
During today’s busy life, no one is ready to waste the time by doing the time consuming and hassle refill booking like IVR Booking System. We are proposing a simple, interactive, hassle free, less time consuming and efficient LPG Booking System. This is beneficial for the Gas Agencies also, they get the refill booking requests and consumer details instantly. Our system is futuristic and can be updated according to the future needs easily.
Features:-
To book an LPG cylinder, you should be a authorised customer. An authorised customer can register to the website and get user id and password. After you have registered, you can log on to the LPG portal using the password and user id provided to you.
Pros:-
Consumers can book the refill by just one click, they can post queries or complaints. Needs only username and password. If they don’t have one, the valid consumers can get the username and passwords with simple registration process. The Admin can only access the database, only he can add the consumers and staff. So the system is secured. The authorized staff can see the bookings and the consumer details without any hassle. He can mark the status whether the refill delivered or not. If delivered then refill request will be automatically cleared.
This document is a project report submitted by Samhita Prajapati to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Production Engineering. The report details two projects completed during an internship at Tenneco Automotive Pvt. Ltd: 1) Streamlining the program management tracking system for original equipment manufacturers by creating a centralized database using Excel VBA to track project statuses, and 2) Conducting a time study of a muffler end spinning machine to calculate production rates. The report includes an introduction, literature review, description of the program sheets created, screenshots, conclusions for each project, bibliography, and a section on personal experiences during the internship.
The document provides details about the internship of Aniket Prabhu at KIOCL Ltd in Mangalore, Karnataka from July 2015. It includes acknowledgments, objectives, history of KIOCL, descriptions of the systems and process control departments, safety measures, and snapshots from the internship. The internship provided practical experience of the industrial processes and accounting systems at KIOCL's pellet plant, filter plant, blast furnace, and other facilities.
The event table outlines the key interactions between customers, engineers, and management for the cooling equipment servicing system. Customers can inquire about services, register for maintenance or repairs, update registrations, and pay bills. Engineers provide service sheets after reviewing problem details from management. Management records customer, engineer, and service details; and can update any of these as needed.
This document provides a summary of a summer field training report submitted by Anish Singh at Diesel Locomotive Works in Varanasi, India. It discusses the various departments within DLW, including design, material control, production shops for assembling locomotive blocks, engines and complete locomotives, and testing facilities. It also provides an overview of the locomotives produced at DLW, including specifications for the WDP4 4000HP passenger locomotive. The Loco Testing Shop section describes how locomotives are tested on-site to evaluate performance.
The student visited Flexronics Technology Pvt Ltd, a leading manufacturer of computer peripheral devices. The key points:
1) Flexronics manufactures Public Call Office Monitors (PCOM) and Fixed Cellular Terminals which are used for billing in call booths.
2) The company has departments for administration, quality control, assembly, testing, and packaging. Components are formed, mounted onto circuit boards, soldered, and tested.
3) PCOMs play an important role in call booths by calculating billing amounts based on call duration and location. They detect signals from the telephone exchange to determine when a call starts and ends.
This document summarizes a project to reduce production lead time at a automotive parts manufacturing company using value stream mapping. It describes collecting data on current processes, creating a current state map showing a 12.6 hour lead time, identifying wastes like transportation delays, and proposing a future state map with a reduced 2.25 hour lead time through improvements like relocating machines, improved material handling, and adding a new welding machine. The project aimed to improve productivity, understand waste, and provide a plan for a more efficient lean production line.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
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1. 1
PREFACE
In the field of Computer Science the term PROJECT refers to a *Computerized
work* that is completely performed by using a computer. Today when every field is
going to be computerized means that all tasks of any field now a days done by using
computers & by their appropriate Computers Programs then to do every field’s
different-different works , today different programs or software’s are available in the
form of project.
PRACTICAL TRAINING for a period a four weeks in a part of the DEGREE after
3nd
year B.E “COMPUTER ENGINEERING” according to the syllabus worked out
by the RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY to which my department is
affiliated. I took a 45 working days training at “HINDUSTAN ZINC LIMITED.”
DEBARI from 01.06.15 to 15.07.15
The report is a summary of what I observed and learnt there. My humble thanks are
going to all the officers related to my training. I also feel that it is the right time to
thank the officers related to my training. I also feel that it is the right time to thank the
officers and technicians of the HINDUSTAN ZINC LIMITED for their constant
assistance, co-operation and the knowledge extended by them time to time.
2. 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is our proud privilege to release the feelings of our gratitude to several persons who helped
us directly or indirectly to conduct this project work. We express our heart full indebtness and
owe a deep sense of gratitude to our Training guide Mr. T.A Kotangale (mgr.IT) for sincere
guidance and inspiration in completing this project.
We are extremely thankful to the Mr. Shravan Dwivedi(Asso. Mgr.HR Cell), Mr. B.C
Pathidar(Safety), Mr. Nand Kumar(mgr.R&A), Mr. A.K Singh(mgr.L&P), Mr. D.C
Yadav(mgr. Zinc Elec.) and all dept. members for their coordination and cooperation and for
their kind guidance and encouragement.
We also thank all our friends and group members for their help and cooperation throughout
the training.
The Training has indeed helped us to explore more knowledgeable avenues related to our
Field and sure it will help us in our future.
Manoj Singh Rao
&
Ronak Vishwakarma
5. 5
ABSTRACT
Today’s world is the world of Science and Technology. It is the today’s requirement in every
field for quick movement. My project ** MEDICAL BILL SYSTEM** is just been a little
contribution to this developing world of science and technology. My project is basically
about the complete management of bill system. The project is mentioned by following
references from which we get more information about whole bills and customer details in a
few minutes.
The knowledge of PHP is not completed until the project work has been completed
successfully. Thinking this point in mind, I had taken this project in Hindustan Zinc. At
present the company is provided complete medical facility to the Employees. To maintain
what record the medical bill system has been prepared. This project has capability to add any
information about any new employee & entry about any bill that has been cleared out by any
employee. This first form is launched for the starting of project & providing information
about for whom it is programmed & by whom it is it is developed. Second form is for the
entry of username & Password, which is fixed for the project to secure it from any external
source.
The user can change them by permission of the developer. It is a login form. At last when all
the records had been filling up than the project should print the report of what processing it
performed. The data environment has been used for this purpose. It is employed for the
purpose designing reports one report for bill information & one for general information of
employee. The working of each form is described after each form.
7. 7
Chapter 1
COMPANY INTRODUCTION
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF HINDUSTAN ZINC LIMITED,
DEBARI
Zinc smelter Debari, is a unit of HZL. It was started in 1968.it was the first Zinc smelter of
HZL. In this plant zinc, along with its products viz. Silver, Cadmium, Sulphuric acid etc. are
produced from Zawar Mines and other mines of the company. Initially this Smelter started
with 18,000 tons per annum capacity, but at present the capacity of plant is 49,000 tons per
annum the recovery of Zinc in this plant is 94.52%.
Departments as under:-
• Roaster and Acid plant
• Leaching & purification plant
• Zinc Electrolysis plant
• Instrumentation plant
• Finance Department
• Project Department
Performance:-
Zinc Smelter Debari, has achieved an impressive growth pattern and condition and endeavors
are being made to improve the production, as productivity. Emphasis is given for energy
conservation, improvement in recovery efficiency and reduction in process chemical
consumption which is prime factor in controlling the cost of production.
In order to sustain above achievement, TQM and workman participation through suggestion
scheme are in Zinc smelter Debari, now is a 9002 certified unit for quality management
system from 05-11-1998.
8. 8
1.1 Roaster & Acid Plant
1.1.1 Roaster plant:-
At Debari, Zinc Smelter two roasters are used for roasting i.e. Roaster1 & Roaster2. Roasters
are mainly furnaces which are maintained at 9500
C. These furnaces are fluidized type in
which fluidized bed is made and air is passed from bottom for oxidation. The furnaces are
autogenously, so only to start the reaction or to obtain required temperature of fuel is
required.
1.1.2 Roaster Specification:-
Roaster1 Roaster2
Capacity 140 tonnes/day 240 tonnes/day
Heath area 18.5sqm 35sqm
Air flow 9500 19500
Feed 5tonnes/hr 10tonnes/hr
No. of nozzles 1848 3500
Diameter 4.18m 6.69m
Acid 100m 200m
1.2 Acid Plant
Gases coming out of hot gas precipitator have 7-8% SO2 & at 3300
C. In this section SO2 Gas
at temp 3300
C is passed through scrubbing tower, which has sedimentation tank & SO2
stripper & wet gases precipitator is obtained at temp 550
C. SO2 gas has moisture. This SO2
gas is first dried in a drying tower with H2SO4 to remove the moisture content.
9. 9
Parameters that are maintained in neutral leaching:-
Total Iron 2.5 – 3.5gpl
Initial PH
2.8 – 3.2gpl
Final PH
4.5 – 4.6
Fe++
5 Mg Pl
Temperature 65-700
Reaction time 150 – 180 minute
1.3 Leaching Plant
Leaching is the selective dissolution of ore material oxide in acid, alkalis or solutions of other
reagents. According to the conditions adjusted in manner to leave maximum gangue in the
insoluble residue.
Calcite comes into the hopper from the roaster from the bucket elevators. From the hopper
the calcite is coming to a redder conveyor through a rotatory value. By adjusting the speed of
the rotatory value calcine directly into puchuua. The calcine if expand in stored in sizes.
Total calcite storage capacity in the leaching plant:-
Total Capacity 3930 Mts
Old Silo [Nos.1, 2, 3] 680 Mts each
New Silo [Nos.4, 5, 6] 680 Mts each
According to the reaction
Fe (SO4)3 +3ZnO 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3+3ZnSO4
10. 10
1.4 Zinc Electrolysis Plant
Electrolysis of Zinc Sulphate solution take place in electrolysis cells with Aluminium
cathode & lead anode as electrodes.
The reaction can be represented as:-
ZnSO4 + H2O Zn + H2SO4+1/2 H2O
Zinc ions migrate towards the cathode & get deposited in the form of sheet whereas oxygen is
given off at anode. As sulphate ions have great affinity for Hydrogen ions this result in
formation of sulphuric acid.
It consists of 560Nos of concentrate in three circuits of 240, 160, and 160. Each lead anode
containing 0.5% silver Alluminium cathode is used. Stripping of zinc sheet is a manual
operation.
Electrolysis carried out at a current density of 315amp/m2
in first and 410 amp/m2
in second
and third circuit.
11. 11
1.5 INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT
Different instruments used in the plant are:-
1. Line Measuring instruments :
a) Differential pressure transmitter
b) Bip Tube
c) Ultra sonic
2. Pressure measuring instruments
a) Pressure Measuring Instrument
b) Pressure Gauge
3. Temperature Measuring Instruments
a) K-type thermocouple
These are made up of Cr – Al.
b) T- type thermocouple
These are made up of Fe & Constantan.
4. RTD
5. Flow Measuring Instrument
a) Orifice
b) Magnetic Flow
c) Rota meter
d) Venturimeter
12. 12
1.6 FINANCE DEPARTMENT
If the estimated amount is less than 5 Lakhs than quotations are invited from vendors and no
open tenders is issued. A period of month is given to the contractors for sending their bids.
The vendors and the contractors who offer the minimum bid are awarded with the order or
contract. When any new materials arrived in factory an R.I.S.R. (receive some inspection
report) prepared by the concerned engineer. It is found unsatisfactorily. The material is sent
back to the vendor from where it has been finance and purchased.
1. Dimensions
2. Finishing
3. Composition
13. 13
Chapter 2
INTRODUCTION ABOUT PROJECT
MEDICAL BILLING SYSTEM
2.1 Need of project:
The knowledge of PHP is not completed until the project work has been completed
successfully. Thinking this point in mind, I had taken this project in Hindustan Zinc. At
present the company is provided complete medical facility to the Employees. To maintain
what record the medical bill system has been prepared. This project has capability to add any
information about any new employee & entry about any bill that has been cleared out by any
employee. This first form is launched for the starting of project & providing information
about for whom it is programmed & by whom it is it is developed. Second form is for the
entry of username & Password, which is fixed for the project to secure it from any external
source.
The user can change them by permission of the developer. It is a login form. At last when all
the records had been filling up than the project should print the report of what processing it
performed. The data environment has been used for this purpose. It is employed for the
purpose designing reports one report for bill information & one for general information of
employee. The working of each form is described after each form.
14. 14
2.2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIRNMENT
2.2.1 HARDWARE:
PROCESSOR : PENTIUM IV OR HIGHER
RAM : 1 GB OR HIGHER
HARD DISK : 2.1 GB OR HIGHER
OUTPUT DEVICE : MONO CHROME OR
COLOR MONITOR
INPUT DEVICE : KEY BOARD & MOUSE
2.2.2 SOFTWARE:
OPERATING SYSTEM : MS WINDOWS XP OR HIGHER
OFFICE : MS OFFICE 2007 OR HIGHER
LANGUAGE USED : PHP
DATABASE USED : MySQL 6.0
15. 15
2.3 Context Level Diagram
Fig 2.1 (Context Level Diagram)
Medical Bills Reimbursement System
Login
Main menu
Employee RecordsBills
Add
New
Edit Search
Add
New
Edit Search
Employee
Record
Bills Paymen
t List
16. 16
2.4 Entity relationship diagram
Fig 2.2 (Entity Relationship Diagram)
Employee
Emp No.
Emp Name
Bank Code
Bank A/C No
Treatment
Bills
Department
Dependent
Bill
No.
Bill
Amount
Bill Type
Code
Dependent
on
Dependent
Code
Submit to
Works For
Dept.
Name
Bank
Manages
account
Deposit
Dept. No.
17. 17
Chapter 3
INTRODUCTION TO PHP
3.1 Brief History of PHP Language
PHP (recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor") is a widely-used
Open Source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for
Web development and can be embedded into HTML
PHP was developed to specifically address needs of the web to provide
dynamic content on websites.
Unlike other development languages commonly used for dynamic content (Perl,
C++), PHP was designed specifically with the web in mind (it had no other
master, per se).
Because of this specific design, common web-based activities, such as the
processing of forms data and the correct rendering of HTML content (both
inside and outside of forms), are much easier than with adapted languages.
Because of PHP's close relationship to HTML, PHP can be embedded inside an
HTML-based document, unlike other languages that do not inherently
understand HTML and therefore must treat HTML as text that has to be
displayed inside the confines of the languages print statements. PHP can
literally switch between PHP and HTML inside a single document, making it so
large areas of pure HTML can be managed normally.
PHP has been extended as a language to include a huge library of commonly-
available procedures and classes (including database manipulation, mail
management, secure connections, and graphics manipulation to mention just a
few) that has made it extremely powerful in a variety of environments and
disciplines.
18. 18
Although PHP was designed to be a web-based language to display content via
a browser through a server, the power and the usefulness of the language has
expanded its uses beyond just the web, and it now can be found in both local
command-line interface (CLI) environments as well as local graphical interface
(GUI) environments.
3.2 HTML Background
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) was developed to address the
need to easily display content via a web-browser
It is a "markup" language (unlike a typical programming language), in
that its commands (tags) are designed to assist in the formatting and
layout of textual data
It by definition is a "static" language, in that the content displayed using
the standard HTML language will always look the same -- it will not
change over time or by who accessed it
Due to this major limiting factor of the language in this modern world
of dynamic, data-driven websites, a variety of extensions to HTML and
related programming languages have been developed:
JavaScript
Microsoft's ASP (Active Server Pages)
Java Applets and Applications
PHP
Others...
19. 19
3.3 Basic PHP Concepts
PHP borrowed its primary syntax from C++ and C
Many of the programming techniques you've previously learned will
work in PHP (assignments, comparisons, loops, procedures) with little
to no syntax difference
There are, however, major changes in how data is manipulated in
relationship to C/C++
C/C++ are type-specific languages, requiring the user to define a
specific, singular type for each variable that they use
PHP commonly assigns its variables "by value", meaning a variable
takes on the value of the source variable (expression) and is assigned to
the destination variable. A variable can therefore change its type
"on the fly". Therefore variables are not declared (as they are in most
type-specific languages like C++)
PHP is an interpreted language, in that the PHP interpreter program
reads the PHP source code, translates the code and executes it at the
same time. With C++ on the other hand, the C++ compiler translates
your C++ code into a binary executable, eliminating the translation of
the source each time the code executes
Initially this interpreted nature of PHP sounds like a disadvantage; on
the contrary, the interpreted nature of PHP provides some very
interesting and useful programming techniques that are not possible in
compiled languages
20. 20
3.4 Source code in PHP
3.4.1 Example:
The following "Hello, World!" program is written in PHP code embedded in
an HTML document:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Test</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo '<p>Hello World</p>'; ?>
</body>
</html>
3.5 Advantages of Php:
Open source: It is developed and maintained by a large group of PHP developers, this
will helps in creating a support community, abundant extension library.
Speed: It is relative fast since it uses much system resource.
Easy to use: It uses C like syntax, so for those who are familiar with C, it’s very easy
for them to pick up and it is very easy to create website scripts.
Stable: Since it is maintained by many developers, so when bugs are found, it can be
quickly fixed.
Powerful library support: You can easily find functional modules you need such as
PDF, Graph etc.
Built-in database connection modules: You can connect to database easily using PHP,
since many websites are data/content driven, so we will use database frequently, this
will largely reduce the development time of web apps.
Can be run on many platforms, including Windows, Linux and Mac, it’s easy for
users to find hosting service providers.
21. 21
3.6 Disadvantages of Php:
Security : Since it is open sourced, so all people can see the source code, if there are
bugs in the source code, it can be used by people to explore the weakness of PHP
Not suitable for large applications: Hard to maintain since it is not very modular.
Weak type: Implicit conversion may surprise unwary programmers and lead to
unexpected bugs. For example, the strings “1000” and “1e3” compare equal because
they are implicitly cast to floating point numbers.
3.7 Use of MySQL:
MySQL is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System
(RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL).
SQL is the most popular language for adding, accessing and managing content in a database.
It is most noted for its quick processing, proven reliability, ease and flexibility of use.
MySQL is an essential part of almost every open source PHP application. Good examples for
PHP/MySQL-based scripts arephpBB, osCommerce and Joomla.
One of the most important things about using MySQL is to have a MySQL specialized host.
Here are some of the things Site Ground is proud of:
We have long experience in providing technical support for MySQL-based web sites.
Thanks to it our servers are perfectly optimized to offer the best overall performance
for most MySQL applications.
We offer a lot of FREE MySQL tools including CMS systems, forums, galleries,
blogs, shopping carts and more.
We support both MySQL 4 and MySQL 5. We provide unlimited MySQL databases.
Our MySQL hosting package is the best offer on the market - it has the lowest price for the
quality and features it includes. Sign up now for our Professional MySQL Hostin
22. 22
Chapter 4
4.1 SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM
Fig 4.1 (System Flow Diagram)
OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
DISCUSSION WITH PROJECT GUIDE
AND PROJECT HEAD
ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION
COMPARISON WITH EXISTING SYSTEM
DESIGNING *MBS
CODING *MBS
REVIEWING & TESTING *MBS
SUBMISSION OF PROJECT REPORT
23. 23
1. OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS
This stage specifies the problem definition that is it identifies the specific problem to be
solved.
2. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
The requirement gathering process is intensified and focus specifically on software .To
understand the nature of the program to be built, we must understand the information domain
for the software, as well as the required function, behavior, performance and interface
Requirements for both the system & the software are documented and reviewed with the
customer.
3. DISCUSSION WITH PROJECT GUIDE A PROJECT HEAD
As this is the very first time I am preparing any project, so I have made my project under the
guidance of our project in charge & faculty computer science.
4. ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION
In this stage models of the system is created in an effort to better understand data & control
flow, functional processing, operational behavior & information content .The model serves as
a foundation for software design.
5. COMPARING WITH AN EXISTING SYSTEM
The system model which is analyzed is compared with real life or existing system so that if
there is any thing which is not present in our system model is provided in it.
6. DESIGNING MBS
Software design is an iterative process through which requirements are translated into a
“blueprint” for constructing the software Software design is actually a multistep process that
focuses on four distinct attributes of a program data structure, software architecture,
interfaces representation & procedural (algorithmic) details.
7. CODING MBS
The design must be translated into a machine readable form. The code generation step
performs this task & we provide the actual code delivered to the customer as a running
system.
24. 24
8. REVIEWING AND TESTING MBS
Once code has been generated, program testing begins. The testing process focus on the
logic of the software , ensuring that all statements have been tested and on the functional
externals ,that is ,conducting test to uncover errors and ensure that define input will produce
actual result that agree with required result.
9. SUBMISSION OF PROJECT REPORT
Once system is tested, project report is made and submitted to project incharge
26. 26
5.1 FORMAT OF THE PROJECT
Fig 5.1 (Login Page)
The form showed above is used for the security purposes. As the project build is
only for the company purpose or it may have a single person application than the
information either entering or retrieving must be carefully handled. If
unauthorized person would also make use of it than there may be some
disadvantages so for solving this problem the username and password is applied
so that the security of project persist there and only authorized person can update
the records as per rules of the company.
28. 28
5.3 FORMAT FOR ADDING A NEW EMPLOYEE RECORD
The form shown gave information about the employee’s entry. It can add information of any
new employee. The employee will be add up in the record. This can make possible by the
ADO connection which we are already make the bank type, account names and the
department name also enter then only one can add by click on add prompt that fill the
information and click on the save profile . The file is now updated.
Fig 5.3 (Adding New Employee Records)
29. 29
5.4 FORM FOR BILL ENTRY
This form is the main part of the project because the project is meant for the purpose of the
entering of information of the bills. The bill will enter according to the various relations &
different treatments.It is already specified on the form that the following dependents bill can
be passed out .Here another connection of employee code is taken from the employee entry
information. The employee code is searched out in the combo box. The bill saving procedure
is again same as for the employee entry after this the report will be generated.
Fig 5.4 (Form For Bill Entry)
30. 30
5.5 FORM FOR SEARCHING THE Bill Data ENTRY
Fig 5.5 (Form For Searching The Bill Data Entry)
31. 31
5.6ADD A NEW DEPARTMENT
Fig 5.6 ( Adding New Department)
5.7 ADD A NEW DESIGNATION
Fig 5.7 (Adding New Designation)
32. 32
REFERENCES
1) PHP and MySQL Web Development Welling and Thomson
2) Evangels petroutsos, Mastering in Visual Basic 6.0, bpb publication, New
Delhi.
3) Courts, Mastering Office 2000, bpb publication, New Delhi.
4) Computer Fundamental of P. Sinha, bpb publication.
5) Alexis Leon and Mathews Leon: SQL- A complete Reference, Tata
McGraw Hill.
6) Study Material Provided by IMST.
7) Black book by holzener
8) www.w3schools.com