This document provides an overview of the history and development of the tractor industry in India from the 1940s to present day. It discusses the key periods of growth in local tractor production and manufacturing, from the initial imports in the 1940s to India becoming one of the world's largest tractor producers by the late 1990s. It also lists the current major tractor manufacturers in India, including Mahindra, Escorts, John Deere, Sonalika International, and others, and models/horsepower ranges. Previous companies from the 1970s-80s that did not survive are also mentioned.

1. Tractor
1.COVER PAGE
2.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3.CERTIFICATE
4.HISTORY OF TRACTORS.
5,CONTENTS
6.TRACTOR MANUFACTURERS
ASSOCIATION
(A)CURRENT MANUFACTURERS OF TRACTORS IN INDIA

2. (B)PREVIOUS INDIAN TRACTOR COMPANIES
7.WHY HAVE THEY SELECTED THIS
PROJECT FOR PRODUCT / SERVICES
8.PRODUCT RANGE
9.OUR PROPOSAL
10.FIVE BRANDS OF THE TRACTORS IN
THE MARKET.
11.PERMISSIONS REQUIRED MAKE THE
PRODUCT?
12.UNIQUE SELLING PROPOSITION

3. 13.UNIQUE SELLING PRISES
14.NAME OF THE PRODUCT
15.FEATURES OF THE TRACTORS
16.LOGO OF THE PRODUCT
17.LABEL OF THE PRODUCT
18.TAG LINES OF MAHINDRA
TRACTORS
19.ADVERTISING TECHNIQUES
20.USE OF TRANSPORTS

4. (a)Public road transport
(b)Urban rail transport
21.SOCIAL MESSAGE FOR USE
MAHINDRA TRANSPORTS DETAILS
22.MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.

5. Acknowledgement
I gratefully acknowledge the valuable guidance
and support given to me by my Business Studies
teacher Mr./Mrs. in
successfully completing my project report. This
project gave me a clear insight into real world
business situations and gave me ample
opportunities to apply my theoretical Knowledge
to practical situations. I would also like to thank
my classmates for their suggestions and support
in completing this project.

6. certificate
This is to certify that
Mr./miss……………………..
Student of class BBA
of……………………………..
College successfully completed his/her project
under my guidance.
Teacher’s signature…………….

7. HISTORY OF TRACTORS.
As commercialisation of agriculture grew in intensity in the mid-to-late 19th
century the British Raj and the local legislatures and provinces began investing
in agricultural development through support and establishment agricultural
research farms and colleges and large-scale irrigation schemes yet the level of
mechanisation was low at the time of independence in 1947. The socialist
oriented five-year plans of the 1950s and 60s aggressively promoted rural
mechanisation via joint ventures and tie-ups between local industrialists and
international tractor manufacturers. Despite this aggressiveness the first three
decades after independence local production of 4-wheel tractors grew slowly.
Yet, by the late 1980s tractor production was nearly 140,000 units per year and
by the late 1990s with production approaching 270,000 per year, India overtook
the United States as the world's largest producer of four-wheel tractors with
over 16 national and 4 multi-national corporations producing tractors today.
Despite these impressive numbers FAO statistics estimate that of total
agricultural area in India, less than 50% is under mechanised land preparation,
indicating large opportunities still exist for agricultural mechanisation.

8. CONTENTS
1 1945 to 1960
2 1961 to 1970
3 1971 to 1980
4 1981 to 1990
5 1991 to 1997
6 1997 to 1999
7 1999 to present
8 Tractor Manufacturers Association
9 Current manufacturers of tractors in India
9.1 ACE Tractors
9.2 Angad Tractors
9.3 Balwan Tractors, Force Motors Ltd
9.4 Captain Tractors Pvt. Ltd
9.5 Crossword Agro Industries
9.6 Eicher
9.7 Escorts
9.8 Farmer Tractor

9. 9.9 HMT Tractors
9.10 Indo Farm
9.11 John Deere
9.12 Mahindra Gujarat Tractor Limited (MGTL)
9.13 Mars Group
9.14 New Holland Fiat India
9.15 Preet Tractors
9.16 SAME Deutz-Fahr (India) Private Ltd.
9.17 Sonalika (International Tractors Ltd.)
9.18 Standard
9.19 TAFE
9.20 VST Tillers
10 Previous Indian Tractor Companies
10.1 Auto Tractors Ltd., Pratapgarh
10.2 Asian Tractors Ltd
10.3 Ford Tractors
10.4 Harsha Tractors
10.5 Haryana Tractors Ltd
10.6 Kirloskar Tractors
10.7 Pittie Tractors

10. 10.8 United Auto Tractors Ltd.
 1945 TO 1960
War surplus tractors and bulldozers were imported for land reclamation and
cultivation in mid-1940s. In 1947 central and state tractor organisations were set
up to develop and promote the supply and use of tractors in agriculture and up
to 1960, the demand was met entirely through imports. There were 8,500
tractors in use in 1951, 20,000 in 1955 and 37,000 by 1960.
 1961 TO 1970
Local production began in 1961 with five manufacturers(Eicher, Gujarat
Tractors, TAFE, Escorts, M&M) producing a total of 880 units per year. By
1965 this had increased to over 5000 units per year and the total in use had risen
to over 52,000. By 1970 annual production had exceeded 20,000 units with over
146,000 units working in the country.
 1971 TO 1980
Six new manufacturers were established during this period although three
companies (Kirloskar Tractors, Harsha Tractors and Pittie Tractors) did not
survive. HMT, a large public sector unit, began manufacturing Agricultural

11. Tractors in 1972 under the HMT brand name with technology acquired from
Zetor of the Czech Republic. Escorts Ltd.
 1981 TO 1990
A further five manufacturers(Auto Tractors, Haryana Tractors, United Auto
Tractors, Asian Tractors, VST Tillers) began production during this period but
only Last one survived in the increasingly competitive market place. Annual
production exceeded 75,000 units by 1985 and reached 140,000 in 1990 when
the total in use was about 1.2 million. Then India - a net importer up to the mid-
seventies - became an exporter in the 1980s mainly to countries in Africa.
 1991 TO 1997
Since 1992, it has not been necessary to obtain an industrial license for tractor
manufacture in India. By 1997 annual production exceeded 255,000 units and
the national tractor population had passed the two million mark. India now
emerged as one of the world leaders in wheeled tractor production.
 1997 TO 1999
Five new manufacturers have started production since 1997. In 1998 Bajaj
Tempo, already well established in the motor industry, began tractor production
in Pune. In April of the same year New Holland Tractor (India) Ltd launched
production of 70 hp tractors with matching equipment. The company is making
a $US 75 million initial investment in a state-of-the-art plant at Greater Noida in
Uttar Pradesh state with an initial capacity of 35000 units per year. Larsen and
Toubro have established a joint venture with John Deere, USA for the

12. manufacture of 35-65 hp tractors at a plant in Pune, Maharashtra and Greeves
Ltd will produce tractors under similar arrangements with Deutz-Fahr of Italy.
 1999 TO PRESENT
Facing market saturation in the traditional markets of the north west (Punjab,
Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh) tractors sales began a slow and slight decline.
By 2002 sales went below 200,000. Manufacturers scrambled to push into
eastern and southern India markets in an attempt to reverse the decline, and
began exploring the potential for overseas markets. Sales remained in a slump,
and added to the market saturation problems also came increased problems of
"prestige" loan defaults, where farmers who were not financially able took
tractors in moves to increase their families prestige. There are also reported
increased misuse of these loans for buying either lifestyle goods, or for social
functions. Government and private banks have both tightened their lending for
this sector adding to the industry and farmers woes. By 2004 a slight up tick in
sales once again due to stronger and national and to some extent international
markets. But by 2006 sales once again were down to 216,000 and now in 2007-
08 have slid further to just over 200,000.

13. TRACTOR MANUFACTURERS
ASSOCIATION
The Tractor Manufacturers' Association of India (TMA) is housed under The
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), New Delhi. Though not all
manufacturers are members TMA is recognised as the main trade group
representing the agricultural tractor industry in India. Avinash Patankar, Sr.
Vice-President of Mahindra Farm Division is the current President of TMA.
Current manufacturers of tractors in
India
 ACE TRACTORS

14. Action Construction Equipment Limited (ACE) began manufacturing of
Tractors in 2009 by launching two models in 35 / 45 HP categories. At present
it is manufacturing 3 models by introducing 55 HP models in 2011.
In Oct.2013 Ace Tractors reached a milestone of selling 20,000+ tractors in
India and Nepal.
ACE has it's manufacturing plants in Faridabad (Haryana), Kashipur/Bajpur
(Uttrakhand).
 ANGAD TRACTORS
Main article: SAS Motors Limited
 BALWAN TRACTORS,
FORCE MOTORS LTD
Force Motors Ltd
Formerly known as Bajaj Tempo Ltd. until 2005, Force Motors Ltd., makers of
India's ubiquitous 3-wheeler Tempos since 1957 in a collaboration with Vidal &
Sohn Tempo Werke, Germany. In 1999 began production of Ox and Ox 45
Brand Tractors both which incorporated transmission technology from the
German manufacturer ZF. Additional line Balwan was introduced in 2004 and
between the lines Force Motors offers a line of two-wheel and four-wheel
tractors in a horsepower range from 10 to 50 HP. In India BALWAN 600

15. launched shortly. It has a 60 HP engine. Balwan Tractors are one of the good
tractors in India for agricultural purposes. They have a Benz engine.
 CAPTAIN TRACTORS PVT.
LTD
Founded in May 1994 and located in Rajkot, India, Captain Tractors
manufactures mini-tractors under the Captain brand.
 CROSSWORD AGRO
INDUSTRIES
Located in Rajkot, India, Crossword manufactures small tractors under the
Nissan, Atmak and Captain brand names. .
Eicher Motors
In 1949, Eicher GoodEarth, was set up in India with technical collaboration
with Gebr. Eicher a of Germany, imported and sold about 1500 tractors in India.
On 24 April 1959 Eicher came out with the first locally assembled tractor from
its Faridabad factory and in a period from 1965 to 1974 became the first fully
manufactured (100% indigenisation) tractor in India. In December 1987 Eicher
Tractors went public and in June 2005 Eicher Motors Limited sold Eicher
Tractors & Engines to a subsidiary of TAFE called TAFE Motors and Tractors
Limited.
Eicher also produced tractors under the Euro Power and Eicher Valtra brands
under license from Valtra, an AGCO brand.

16.  ESCORTS
Main article: Escorts Group
Escorts began local manufacture of Ford tractors in 1971 in collaboration with
Ford, UK and total production climbed steadily to 33,000 in 1975, reaching
71,000 by 1980. Ford (Ford - New Holland) was sold in 1992. Ford Motor
Company proper quit the tractors business, but the name was allowed to
continue as per agreement until 2000, when Escorts relabelled its Ford models
under the Escort brand. Escort manufactures produces construction and
agriculture tractors in the 27-75 HP range and has already sold over 600,000
tractors. Its tractors are marketed under three brand names, Escort, Powertrac
and Farmtrac.
 FARMER TRACTOR
Based in Rajkot, Gujarat, Farmer Tractor is production the Farmer Tractor DI
1200, using a Greaves four stroke, direct injection, 12 HP diesel engine.
 HMT TRACTORS
Main article: Hindustan Machine Tools
HMT is a large public sector unit and began manufacturing Agricultural
Tractors in 1972 under the HMT brand name with technology acquired from
Zetor of the Czech Republic. It manufactures its tractors in Pinjore, Panchkula
in a large factory that also manufactures machine-tools, and Hyderabad It has a

17.  INDO FARM
Founded in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India in 1999, Indo Farms builds tractors
in the 33 to 90 hp range. The company is also manufacturing 9 to 18 ton cranes
and 15 to 50 kv silent generator sets. Ursus Poland is its technical partners.
 JOHN DEERE
Main article: Deere & Company
The company has a very good Marketing network across India having 13 area
offices and around 225 dealers.
In 2000, John Deere set up production in a joint venture with Larsen & Toubro
Ltd in Sanaswadi, in a rural area near Pune, Maharashtra. It was known as L&T
John Deere Private Ltd, and manufactured tractors under the L&T - John Deere
name for sale in India, and under the John Deere name for worldwide sales.
In 2005, Deere & Company acquired nearly all the remaining shares in this joint
venture. The new enterprise, is known as John Deere Equipment Private
Limited. The factory currently produces tractors in of 35, 38, 40, 42,45, 50, 55,
65, 75 and 89 HP capacities for domestic markets and for export to the USA,
Mexico, Turkey, North and South Africa, and South East Asia. Pune factory
started to produce new 55 to 75 Hp 5003 series tractors for European market in
2008.
John Deere India Private Limited is a subsidiary of Deere & Company, USA in
India. Its factory, located at Sanaswadi, Pune, manufactures 5000 Series
agricultural tractors. The Indian operations of Deere & Company include a

18. technology center located at Magarpatta City Pune and John Deere Water
Vadodara. The technology center provides services in the areas of Information
technology, engineering, supply management, embedded systems and technical
authoring for company’s operations world wide. John Deere Water, formed by
the acquisitions of Plastro Irrigation Systems, T-Systems International, and
Roberts Irrigation Products.
 MAHINDRA GUJARAT
TRACTOR LIMITED (MGTL)
Main article Mahindra Gujarat
The company was originally incorporated in the state of Gujarat in 1964 with
technical collaboration with Motokov-Praha of Czechoslovakia as Gujarat
Tractor Corporation Ltd. It was taken over by Mahindra & Mahindra Limited
on 17 December 1999 (holds 60% equity) and re-christened Mahindra Gujarat
Tractor Ltd as part of Mahindra Group. The company is engaged in
manufacturing of tractors in a range of 30-60 hp which are marketed under
Shaktimaan brand.
Mahindra Gujarat Tractor Limited (MGTL)' has its Head Office at 'Vadodara
 MARS GROUP
Originally established in 1976, the MARS Group is engaged in
manufacturing/marketing of dump trucks, loaders, foggers, and agricultural
tractors and attachments. Based in Lucknow, U.P., it began manufacturing two
mini-tractor models under the Marshal name in 2005, Captain DI 2600 of 25 HP
and Trishul MT DI 625 10 HP.

19.  NEW HOLLAND FIAT INDIA
Main article: New Holland Ag
 PREET TRACTORS
Preet Agro began manufacturing tractors in 2002 at Nabha, Punjab, India. They
currently manufacture in the 35-70 hp range.
 SAME DEUTZ-FAHR
(INDIA) PRIVATE LTD.
Main article: SAME_Deutz-Fahr
SAME Deutz-Fahr (India) Private Limited manufacture tractors at their Ranipet
facility near Chennai. They currently manufacture in the 45-70 hp range.
 SONALIKA
(INTERNATIONAL
TRACTORS LTD.)
Main article: Sonalika Tractors
International Tractors Limited was incorporated on 17 October 1987 and began
manufacturing tractors designed by Central Mechanical Engineering Research
Institute (CMERI). Its engines were initially designed on the successful HMT

20. brand of engines, and gearbox as per PTL design. ITL currently is
manufacturing Sonalika tractors between 18 HP to 90 HP, and the Renault
CERES brand between 60HP to 90HP. ITL went into collaboration with
Renault Agricultural of France in July 2000. Renault Agriculture is a subsidiary
of the Renault Group. Renault Agriculture was bought by CLAAS of Germany
in 2003. Incidentally CLAAS already has a strong presence in India market
 STANDARD
Standard Combine began building tractors in Barnala, Punjab, India. In
Standard Tractors, tractors are being manufactured in the range of 35, 45, 50,
60, and 75 HP with respective model names: Standard 335, Standard 345,
Standard 450, Standard 460, and Standard 475. Engines for all these tractor
models, except the last one, are manufactured within the plant as ‘Standard
Engines’, in specific names – SE 335, SE 345, SE 450 and SE 460, respectively.
All the above-mentioned models of Standard Engines have shown compliance
to the TREM-III emission norms, as have been verified by the ARAI. However,
two new variants of tractor of 35 hp (Standard 335-I) and 45 hp (Standard 345-
I), equipped with famous Perkins engines (assembled within the Standard
Tractors plant), and two completely new models of tractor of 30 hp (Standard
330) and 40 hp (Standard 340) are on the verge to be launched. Besides these,
three 3-wheelers (two passenger-carriers and one cargo), one 4-wheeler (cargo),
a crane, an electric 3-wheeled mini-car, and two 2-wheelers (scooters) are either
in the process of development or on the verge of launch from the Standard
Tractor Division.

21.  TAFE
Main article: TAFE Tractors
Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited (TAFE) was established in 1961 to
manufacture and market Massey Ferguson tractors and related farm equipment
in India. AGCO, the owner of Massey Ferguson, now owns 24% of TAFE.
Tractors are built and sold in India under both the TAFE and Massey Ferguson
brands, and exported under both brands as well. In 2005, TAFE bought the
Eicher Motors tractor and engine division.
PREVIOUS INDIAN TRACTOR
COMPANIES
Tractor companies that did not survive and were not acquired by other
companies are:
 AUTO TRACTORS LTD.,
PRATAPGARH
Established in 1979, Auto Tractors Ltd. (ATL) had a manufacturing plant at
Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and were making tractors with 28 bhp (21 kW)
Leyland engines. It was established with 40% state money and the remainder an
IDBI Bank loan. Production began in September 1981, but with severe supply
problems and an outmoded product they only produced 2,380 tractors in their
nearly ten years of existence. This was less than the projected production for the

22.  Asian Tractors Ltd
Began building tractors in 1989 from their own designs.
 FORD TRACTORS
Main article: New Holland Ag
Ford (formerly Ford Tractor Division) began producing Ford Tractors in India
in 1972 with a tie up with Escorts. In 1986 Ford acquired New Holland and
tractor operations was transferred to Ford-New Holland and made into an
independent corporation. In 1991, Fiat began an arranged purchase of Ford-New
Holland that was completed in 1993, ending Ford Motor Company's long
history of tractor production. The deal required that New Holland/FIAT stop
using the Ford name. New Holland India Pvt began production of tractors in
India in 1998.
 HARSHA TRACTORS
In 1975, Harsha Tractors Ltd began manufacturing tractors in conjunction with
Motoimport of Russia.Tractor production never amounted to much, and has
since ceased.
 HARYANA TRACTORS LTD
As a part of Pratap Steel Rolling Mills Ltd., Haryana began building tractors
from their own designs in 1983.

23.  PITTIE TRACTORS
Pittie Tractors was set up by a young and dynamic engineer - Shrikant Pittie and
started out as Pittie Tools. The Pittie family are prominent industrialists in Pune
and the family set up the first private industry in Pune - The Raja Bahadur
Motilal Poona Mills Ltd. in 1893. Pittie Tractors indigenously developed and
manufactured tractors and was well set to capture a large share of the market in
India. However, due to an unfortunate labour strike at one of its critical vendors,
followed by a similar strike at its own plant.
WHY HAVE THEY SELECTED THIS
PROJECT FOR PRODUCT / SERVICES?
With an experience of a very short span of time, we supply a wide range of
tractors like mini tractor, four wheel mini tractor. We are placed comfortably at
the zenith of success as we are reinforced by our experienced team of
professionals. Our experts are aware about the rules & regulation on the quality
prescribed by the industry and helps us in achieving the goals of perfection,
quality and timeliness. Apart from this, we provide these tractors to our valued
clients at market leading prices

24. Goa Metallurgy Pvt Ltd
Our organization has gained recognition as the affluent trader, exporter
and supplier of a qualitative range of tractors. The selection of our vendors
has been finalized after conducting deep market research. With the
association of our certified vendors, our firm is able to cater immaculate
agriculture tractors to our esteemed clients. With the constant efforts of
our professionals, we meet and exceed the expectations of our esteemed
clients within the committed time frame
Ashok Enterprise
With an experience of a very short span of time, we supply a wide range of
tractors like mini tractor, four wheel mini tractor. We are placed comfortably at
the zenith of success as we are reinforced by our experienced team of
professionals. Our experts are aware about the rules & regulation on the quality
prescribed by the industry and helps us in achieving the goals of perfection,
quality and timeliness. Apart from this, we provide these tractors to our valued
clients at market leading prices.

25. TRACTOR
 PRODUCT RANGE
L4508
Equipped with highly dependable rotary tiller made by Kubota, these specially
designed rice paddy tractors deliver a high level of performance.

26. Large fuel tank
A large capacity 42-liter fuel tank lets you fill up with more fuel, so you can
work longer without stopping to refuel.
Highly durable transmission
Made from cast iron, our long-lasting transmission is sure to keep you on the
job longer with reduced maintenance. It also contributes to a lower center of
gravity which means increased stability.
Full-open hood and slide-out grill
Proper daily maintenance can greatly extend the life of your
tractor. To make both maintenance and repairs easier, the L4508 have a newly
designed, one-piece, full-opening hood. Plus, for easy cleaning, the front grill
quickly slides out.

27. Bevel gear 4-wheel drive
This must-have feature provides an extremely tight turning
radius with full power transfer to the wheels at every steering angle, plus a
water-tight seal, making these tractors perfect for challenging rice-paddy work.
Powerful and versatile means
getting the job done faster.
You’ll finish even the big jobs quicker with more horsepower and a mechanical
shuttle transmission. The transmission offers 8 forward and 4 reverse speeds
(8F/4R), enabling you to select the perfect speed for higher productivity.
Main shift lever
Range shift lever
Integral Power Steering
This must-have feature provides nimble handling while greatly reducing fatigue
during long hours of operation.

28. More powerful direct injection diesel engines
to take on the toughest jobs.
The Kubota original direct injection engines offer a rare
combination of more power, durability and better fuel efficiency, so you’ll be
able to get the job done quicker and more efficiently. These engines also boast
lower levels, which equates to less stress and fatigue after long work days.
KRM180D
(CUSTOM- DESIGNED FOR THE L4508)
To ensure the best performance, the KRM180D rotary tiller was totally
developed and manufactured by Kubota. Especially designed for
the L4508 tractor, not only is the balance excellent, you’ll also enjoy
comfortable and longer operation.
Rotary tiller blade
Designed in a crescent shape for more efficient
cultivating, the special rotary tiller blade cultivates faster and wastes less power
than conventional L-shaped blades.

29. OUR PROPOSAL
Kubota Agricultural Machinery India supply products and services to customers
who are residents of the India. If you seek information regarding products or
services outside the India, see this listing of Kubota International Offices:
Kubota Corporation, Japan. For technical issues and comments pertaining to
kubota.co.in please contact the Webmaster.
Tractor industry plays an important part as agriculture sector has a major
contribution to India’s GDP. Tractors are part of agricultural machinery
industry. Tractors came to India through imports and later on were indigenously
manufactured with the help of foreign collaborations. The manufacturing
process started in 1961-62. Indian tractor industry is relatively young but now
has become the largest market worldwide.
There are currently 14 players in the industry. Mahindra & Mahindra is the
leading player in the industry. Monsoon season is a key driver for sales of

30. tractors. A series of good or bad monsoon can affect the sales. In recent years
the industry has registered a good growth in sales, both domestic as well as
exports. This is also partly because of the initiative of the government to boost
up agriculture and agricultural machinery industry.
The tractor penetration level in India is very low as compared to the world
standards. Also the penetration levels are also not uniform throughout the
country. While the northern region is now almost saturated in terms of new
tractor sales, the southern region is still under penetrated. The medium horse
power category
FIVE BRANDS OF THE TRACTORS IN
THE MARKET.
 ACE TRACTORS
Action Construction Equipment Limited (ACE) began manufacturing of
Tractors in 2009 by launching two models in 35 / 45 HP categories. At present
it is manufacturing 3 models by introducing 55 HP models in 2011.In Oct.2013
Ace Tractors reached a milestone of selling 20,000+ tractors in India and
Nepal.ACE has it's manufacturing plants in Faridabad (Haryana),
Kashipur/Bajpur (Uttrakhand).

31.  BALWAN TRACTORS,
FORCE MOTORS LTD
Main article: Force Motors Ltd
Formerly known as Bajaj Tempo Ltd. until 2005, Force Motors Ltd., makers of
India's ubiquitous 3-wheeler Tempos since 1957 in a collaboration with Vidal &
Sohn Tempo Werke, Germany. In 1999 began production of Ox and Ox 45
Brand Tractors both which incorporated transmission technology from the
German manufacturer ZF. Additional line Balwan was introduced in 2004 and
between the lines Force Motors offers a line of two-wheel and four-wheel
tractors in a horsepower range from 10 to 50 HP. In India BALWAN 600
launched shortly. It has a 60 HP engine.
 CAPTAIN TRACTORS PVT.
LTD
Founded in May 1994 and located in Rajkot, India, Captain Tractors
manufactures mini-tractors under the Captain brand.
 CROSSWORD AGRO
INDUSTRIES
Located in Rajkot, India, Crossword manufactures small tractors under the
Nissan, Atmak and Captain brand names

32.  EICHER
Main article: Eicher Motors
In 1949, Eicher GoodEarth, was set up in India with technical collaboration
with Gebr. Eicher a of Germany, imported and sold about 1500 tractors in India.
On 24 April 1959 Eicher came out with the first locally assembled tractor from
its Faridabad factory and in a period from 1965 to 1974 became the first fully
manufactured (100% indigenisation) tractor in India. In December 1987 Eicher
Tractors went public and in June 2005 Eicher Motors Limited sold Eicher
Tractors & Engines to a subsidiary of TAFE called TAFE Motors and Tractors
Limited.
Eicher also produced tractors under the Euro Power and Eicher Valtra brands
under license from Valtra, an AGCO brand.
 ESCORTS
Main article: Escorts Group
Escorts began local manufacture of Ford tractors in 1971 in collaboration with
Ford, UK and total production climbed steadily to 33,000 in 1975, reaching
71,000 by 1980. Ford (Ford - New Holland) was sold in 1992. Ford Motor
Company proper quit the tractors business, but the name was allowed to
continue as per agreement until 2000, when Escorts relabelled its Ford models
under the Escort brand. Escort manufactures produces construction and
agriculture tractors in the 27-75 HP range and has already sold over 600,000
tractors. Its tractors are marketed under three brand names, Escort, Powertrac
and Farmtrac.

33.  FARMER TRACTOR
Based in Rajkot, Gujarat, Farmer Tractor is production the Farmer Tractor DI
1200, using a Greaves four stroke, direct injection, 12 HP diesel engine.
 HMT TRACTORS
Main article: Hindustan Machine Tools
HMT is a large public sector unit and began manufacturing Agricultural
Tractors in 1972 under the HMT brand name with technology acquired from
Zetor of the Czech Republic. It manufactures its tractors in Pinjore, Panchkula
in a large factory that also manufactures machine-tools, and Hyderabad It has a
capacity of 20,000 tractors per annum. In the Machine-tool company is a large
foundry.
 INDO FARM
Founded in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India in 1999, Indo Farms builds tractors
in the 33 to 90 hp range. The company is also manufacturing 9 to 18 ton cranes
and 15 to 50 kv silent generator sets. Ursus Poland is its technical partners. The
company is exporting their products to many countries and their manufacturing
is fully computerized.
 JOHN DEERE
Main article: Deere & Company

34. The company has a very good Marketing network across India having 13 area
offices and around 225 dealers.
In 2000, John Deere set up production in a joint venture with Larsen & Toubro
Ltd in Sanaswadi, in a rural area near Pune, Maharashtra. It was known as L&T
John Deere Private Ltd, and manufactured tractors under the L&T - John Deere
name for sale in India, and under the John Deere name for worldwide sales.
In 2005, Deere & Company acquired nearly all the remaining shares in this joint
venture. The new enterprise, is known as John Deere Equipment Private
Limited. The factory currently produces tractors in of 35, 38, 40, 42,45, 50, 55,
65, 75 and 89 HP capacities for domestic markets and for export to the USA,
Mexico, Turkey, North and South Africa, and South East Asia. Pune factory
started to produce new 55 to 75 Hp 5003 series tractors for European market in
2008.
John Deere India Private Limited is a subsidiary of Deere & Company, USA in
India. Its factory, located at Sanaswadi, Pune, manufactures 5000 Series
agricultural tractors. The Indian operations of Deere & Company include a
technology center located at Magarpatta City Pune and John Deere Water
Vadodara. The technology center provides services in the areas of Information
technology, engineering, supply management, embedded systems and technical
authoring for company’s operations world wide. John Deere Water, formed by
the acquisitions of Plastro Irrigation Systems, T-Systems International, and
Roberts Irrigation Products.
 MAHINDRA GUJARAT
TRACTOR LIMITED (MGTL)

35. Main article Mahindra Gujarat
The company was originally incorporated in the state of Gujarat in 1964 with
technical collaboration with Motokov-Praha of Czechoslovakia as Gujarat
Tractor Corporation Ltd. It was taken over by Mahindra & Mahindra Limited
on 17 December 1999 (holds 60% equity) and re-christened Mahindra Gujarat
Tractor Ltd as part of Mahindra Group. The company is engaged in
manufacturing of tractors in a range of 30-60 hp which are marketed under
Shaktimaan brand.
Mahindra Gujarat Tractor Limited (MGTL)' has its Head Office at 'Vadodara
 MARS GROUP
Originally established in 1976, the MARS Group is engaged in
manufacturing/marketing of dump trucks, loaders, foggers, and agricultural
tractors and attachments. Marshal name in 2005, Captain DI 2600 of 25 HP and
Trishul MT DI 625 10 HP.
 PREET TRACTORS
Preet Agro began manufacturing tractors in 2002 at Nabha, Punjab, India. They
currently manufacture in the 35-70 hp range.
 SAME DEUTZ-FAHR
(INDIA) PRIVATE LTD.

36. Main article: SAME_Deutz-Fahr
SAME Deutz-Fahr (India) Private Limited manufacture tractors at their Ranipet
facility near Chennai. They currently manufacture in the 45-70 hp range.
 SONALIKA
(INTERNATIONAL
TRACTORS LTD.)
Main article: Sonalika Tractors
International Tractors Limited was incorporated on 17 October 1987 and began
manufacturing tractors designed by Central Mechanical Engineering Research
Institute (CMERI). Its engines were initially designed on the successful HMT
brand of engines, and gearbox as per PTL design.
 STANDARD
Standard Combine began building tractors in Barnala, Punjab, India. In
Standard Tractors, tractors are being manufactured in the range of 35, 45, 50,
60, and 75 HP with respective model names: Standard 335, Standard 345,
Standard 450, Standard 460, and Standard 475. Engines for all these tractor
models, except the last one, are manufactured within the plant as ‘Standard
Engines’, in specific names – SE 335, SE 345, SE 450 and SE 460, respectively.
All the above-mentioned models of Standard Engines have shown compliance
to the TREM-III emission norms, as have been verified by the ARAI. However,
two new variants of tractor of 35 hp (Standard 335-I) and 45 hp (Standard 345-

37. I), equipped with famous Perkins engines (assembled within the Standard
Tractors plant), and two completely new models of tractor of 30 hp (Standard
330) and 40 hp (Standard 340) are on the verge to be launched. Besides these,
three 3-wheelers (two passenger-carriers and one cargo), one 4-wheeler (cargo),
a crane, an electric 3-wheeled mini-car, and two 2-wheelers (scooters) are either
in the process of development or on the verge of launch from the Standard
Tractor Division.
 TAFE
Main article: TAFE Tractors
Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited (TAFE) was established in 1961 to
manufacture and market Massey Ferguson tractors and related farm equipment
in India. AGCO, the owner of Massey Ferguson, now owns 24% of TAFE.
Tractors are built and sold in India under both the TAFE and Massey Ferguson
brands, and exported under both brands as well. In 2005, TAFE bought the
Eicher Motors tractor and engine division.
PREVIOUS INDIAN TRACTOR
COMPANIES
Tractor companies that did not survive and were not acquired by other
companies are:

38.  AUTO TRACTORS LTD.,
PRATAPGARH
Established in 1979, Auto Tractors Ltd. (ATL) had a manufacturing plant at
Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and were making tractors with 28 bhp (21 kW)
Leyland engines. It was established with 40% state money and the remainder an
IDBI Bank loan. Production began in September 1981, but with severe supply
problems and an outmoded product they only produced 2,380 tractors in their
nearly ten years of existence. This was less than the projected production for the
first two years alone. The company and assets were sold to automaker Sipani in
1991, who focused on producing diesel tractor engines (at over five times the
rate of ATL themselves) but built some tractors as well.
 FORD TRACTORS
Main article: New Holland Ag
Ford (formerly Ford Tractor Division) began producing Ford Tractors in India
in 1972 with a tie up with Escorts. In 1986 Ford acquired New Holland and
tractor operations was transferred to Ford-New Holland and made into an
independent corporation. In 1991, Fiat began an arranged purchase of Ford-New
Holland that was completed in 1993, ending Ford Motor Company's long
history of tractor production. The deal required that New Holland/FIAT stop
using the Ford name. New Holland India Pvt began production of tractors in
India in 1998.
 HARSHA TRACTORS

39. In 1975, Harsha Tractors Ltd began manufacturing tractors in conjunction with
Motoimport of Russia.Tractor production never amounted to much, and has
since ceased.
 HARYANA TRACTORS LTD
As a part of Pratap Steel Rolling Mills Ltd., Haryana began building tractors
from their own designs in 1983.
 PITTIE TRACTORS
Pittie Tractors was set up by a young and dynamic engineer - Shrikant Pittie and
started out as Pittie Tools. The Pittie family are prominent industrialists in Pune
and the family set up the first private industry in Pune - The Raja Bahadur
Motilal Poona Mills Ltd. in 1893. Pittie Tractors indigenously developed and
manufactured tractors and was well set to capture a large share of the market in
India. However, due to an unfortunate labour strike at one of its critical vendors,
followed by a similar strike at its own plant .
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or just casually to refer to any aspect of an object that differentiates it from
similar objects.
CONTENTS
1) Definition
2) Examples
3) References

67. 4) See also
 DEFINITION
In Reality in Advertising[Reeves laments that the USP is widely misunderstood
and defines it in three parts, summarized here:
Each advertisement must make a proposition to the consumer—not just words,
product puffery, or show-window advertising. Each advertisement must say to
each reader: "Buy this product, for this specific benefit."

68. The proposition must be one the competition cannot or does not offer. It must
be unique—either in the brand or in a claim the rest of that particular
advertising area does not make.
The proposition must be strong enough to move the masses, i.e., attract new
customers.
EXAMPLES
Some good current examples of products with a clear USP are:
Head & Shoulders: "You get rid of dandruff"
REFERENCES
Unique propositions that were pioneers when introduced include:
Anacin "Fast, fast, incredibly fast relief." In 1952, Rosser Reeves created a TV
commercial that capitalized on Anacin's "special ingredient," caffeine, by
suggesting limitations of other aspirin and repeating, three times, the
differentiation proposition: fast.
Domino's Pizza: "You get fresh, hot pizza delivered to your door in 30 minutes
or less—or it's free."

69. FedEx: "When your package absolutely, positively has to get there overnight."
M&M's: "Melts in your mouth, not in your hand."
Metropolitan Life: "Get Met. It Pays."
Southwest Airlines: "We are the low-fare airline."[5]
SEE ALSO
The term USP has been largely replaced by the concept of a positioning
statement. Positioning determines what place a brand (tangible good or service)
should occupy in the consumer's mind compared to the competition. A position
is often described as the meaningful difference between the brand and its
competitors
UNIQUE SELLING PRISES
MINI TRACTOR -THREE CYLINDER -FOUR WHEEL DRIVE -
JAPANIES TECHNOLOGY

70. MitsubishiTractor(Mini)-18.5HP VST MITSIBISHI SHAKTI tractor
we specialize in offering an exclusive range of tractor to our clients at
competitive prices in Ind...
Agricultural Equipments | Jaipur
र 2,95,000
MINI TRACTOR
MitsubishiTractor(Mini)-18.5hp VST MITSIBISHI SHAKTI MT180
D tractor we specialize in offering an exclusive range of tractor to our clients at
competitive price..
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Jaipur | Jhotwara Road
र 2,95,000
I WANT TO SALL MY TRACTORS FARMTRAK 45
No scratches new cundesan fix price 370000
Year: 2009 1,600 kms
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Jind

71. र 3,70,000
HI WANT TI SEEL MY MAHINDRA 275 DI
hi frnds l want sel my mahundra 275DI full jandral with 80% tire condition
Year: 1994 ,Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Nashik
र 2,50,000
FARMTRAC 60 (SUPERMAX) ,TOP MODEL(JUNE, 2013), 243 HOURS
USED, LOOKING LIKE NEW
Fixed price, no bargain please, cal only if u r ok with this price. We are selling
this tractor because we need 60 horse power tractor to solve our purpose. Thi...

72. Year: 2013 243 kms
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Jagraon
र 5,75,000
JOHNDEERE 5204 FOR SELL MODEL
johndeere 5204 for sell in showroom condition model 7/4/2011 only 950 hours
run tyres back and front 90% tractor number = PB02 8354 Price = 5,15,000
Phone numbe...
Year: 2011 950 kms
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Ganganagar
र 5,15,000
JOHN DEERE 5204 TRACTOR FOR SALE 465000&499000
john deere 5204 tractor 2009&2010 model very good condition urgent sale
price 465000&499000
Year: 2010 1,900 kms

73. Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Sunam र 4,65,000
FERCUSION TRACTOR 1035 99 MODEL AT LOW PRICE.TOTAL SET.
original paint, 90% back tyre , no dents less usage by mus,tractor with trailor
and arm kalapai. total set for sale. original paint is in good condition only tr...
Year: 1999 900 kms
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Erode र 1,40,000
NEW.= 2-DISK PLOUGH.= . VERY NEW EXCELLENT , SMART HEAVY
PLOUGH..... .
new 1 @ reasonable price...........................
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Chittoor र 39,000
NEW CHAFF-CUTTER .= MULTIPURPOSE .HEAVY DUTY CUTTER
WITH. =DISEL ENGINE.
N0.1= choice @ REASONABLE PRICE. very new one....

74. Year: 2014
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Chittoor र 54,000
KISAN KRAFT BRUSH CUTTER AT LOW PRICE
Engine Type 2 Stroke HP 1.9 HP CC 40cc Fuel Used Petrol Oil (Mixing) 40ml
(20w40 Grade) Fuel Tank Capacity 1100 ml Fuel Consumption 600ml/1hr
RPM/output Pressur...
Year: 2014
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Kollam र 11,710
HONDA BRUSH CUTTER AT LOW PRICE!!!
Honda Brush Cutter - the ideal solution for cutting dense undergrowth,
unwanted weeds, pruning trees & trimming hedges. Great at tackling those
jobs which a mow र 18,000
KISAN KRAFT BRUSH CUTTER AT LOW PRICE!!!

75. Engine Type 2 Stroke HP 1.9 HP CC 40cc Fuel Used Petrol Oil (Mixing) 40ml
(20w40 Grade) Fuel Tank Capacity 1100 ml Fuel Consumption 600ml/1hr
RPM/output Pressur...
Year: 2014 Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Kozhikode र 11,710
HONDA BRUSH CUTTER AT LOW PRICE
Honda Brush Cutter - the ideal solution for cutting dense undergrowth,
unwanted weeds, pruning trees & trimming hedges. Great at tackling those jobs
which a mow...
Year: 2014
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Thrissur र 18,000
NEW KISANKRAFT BRUSH CUTTER AT LOW
Engine Type 2 Stroke HP 1.9 HP CC 40cc Fuel Used Petrol Oil (Mixing) 40ml
(20w40 Grade) Fuel Tank Capacity 1100 ml Fuel Consumption 600ml/1hr
RPM/output Pressur... | र 11,730

76. NEW HOLLAND
Dear to all New holland 3630 -55 HP this tractor good contion in my hand pls
mention this price on olx or contact to me
Year: 2006 3,500 kms Tractors | Agricultural Equipments |
Chennai र 2,25,000
MAHINDRA OLD TRACTOR
Dear sir pls mention the price this tractor on olx or pls call me in this no
Year: 1997 3,000 kms Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | र 1,25,000
SWARAJ 724 FOR SALE
The Tractor is in a very good condition. Rajasthan RC Insurance. Price is
negotiable.tractors | Hanumangarh र 1,25,000

77. JOHNDEER 5310
johndeer 5310 2009 model oct wellconditioned price 550000
Year: 2009 2,300 kms
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Maler Kotla र 5,50,000
ARGENT NEW STYLISH ATRACTIVE TOTAL LOHE/STEEL SE BANA
SABJI KA THELA BECHNA HAI INTRESTED PLEASE FAST CONTACT
ME
new stylish lohe/ steel se bana sabji ka thela low price 32000 me bechna hai
jiske ander dono taraf do payari hai jisme 4-4 khane hai jisme sabji rakh sakte
hai...
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Nagpur र 32000

78. ONLY 4 MONTHS USED INDO FARM 3065 TRACTOR FOR SELL
Excellent condition Indo Farm 3065 tractor with almost all farm equipment
accessories, only 4 months used available for sell, For Price contact.
Year: 2013
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Sangli (|Miraj)
11 Jan
FOR SALE BRAND NEW CATERPILLAR D7-H DOZER, 973-C TRACK
TYPE LOADER LINK ASSEMBLY
For Sale Caterpillar D7-H, 973 & 973 -C Track Type Loader Link Assembly.
(Made In USA). Brand: Caterpillar Condition: Brand New (98%). Qty: 1 nos.
(36 piece) Pa...
Year: 2013
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Kolhapur

79. 744. SWARAJ 2009 PRICE 390000 KOKA PICE
70% tyres original paint 95% nalda engine gear okay nava jva bai
Year: 2009 7,000 kms
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Muktsar र 3,90,000
FARMTRACK 60, SUPERMAXX..
i want to sale my farmtrck 60,supermaxx top modal ,,,,, only in 485,000 fix
price Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Ganganagar र 4,85,000
FARMTRACK 60, SUPERMAXX..GOOD CONDITION
i want to sale my farmtrck 60, supermaxx top modal only 4,85000 fix price ,,,,,
near ganganagarTractors | Agricultural Equipments | Moga
र 4,85,000

80. SHAKTIMAAN 405
Shaktimaan 405 HP :- 40 Used 2003 model Used condition In good working
condition Self start 5 gear Heavy duty Made by mahindra Gujarat india Fuel
efficient In i...Year: 2003 Tractors | Agricultural Equipmentर 1,50,000
TROLLY & REAPER SALE
2012 model strawreaper made Gurbaz agri works 2 trollys turi valia 12-6 feet
complete jaal price strawreper 160000 2 trollys 150000,Tractors | Agricultural
Equipments | Patiala र 3,10,000
TRIMURTHI AGRO TEC-TARPAULINS/ROPES,DURANET
SHADENETS,MULCH FILMS,HDPE-LDPE SHEETS ETC
Best products at best price.
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Bangalore | Rajaji Nagar

81. AVTAR TALWANDI BHAI DI BANI 2013 MODEL 61 INCH VEY VERY
GOOD CONDTION..
3630 tractor te laggi only 1 seejn challi bahut wadia cndtion ch avtar talwandi
bhai di bani 12 min ch trali bhardi... new da price 260000 hai main forn ja
reha...Year: 2013 400 kms Tractors | Agricultural र 2,30,000
FORD 3600 FOR SALE
engine new karwaya hai halle 1 month hi hoya hai...lift begara sara kam
karwaya hai..gear te clutch da kam v karwaya c 6 mnth pehla...battery new hai
with warra...
Year: 1978
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Barnala
र 1,55,000
10 Jan

82. JCB 3 DX SEP 2010 BIG STICKER FOR SALE IN KARUR
Dear friends i want to sale JCB 9/2010 3 DX model, 1 owner, paper current, big
sticker, tyres good condition, price 15,40,000L call N.Pandiya
099432378766,000 kms Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Karur | Karur
र 15,40,000
VOLVO 210 BLC PROCLINER,MODEL 2004 YEAR GOOD WORKING
CONDITION FOR SELL RS. 13.00.000
good working condition negotioble price
Year: 2004 1,000 kms
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Hyderabad
र 13,00,000
HONDA WEED CUTTER FOR SALE
HONDA orginal brush cutter for sale in cheap price
Year: 2014 Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Chennai र 17,500

83. MAHENDRA275WITH TROLLY
mahendra 275bh 2000 model in very good condition with new just 3mnt old
trally for sale at cheef price/Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Tumkur र
3,00,000
UNI-FARM BRAND ROTAVATORS
Dealership Openings at Unrepresented Areas. Very competitive prices.
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Muzaffarpur
VERY LESS USED TRACTOR FOR IMMEDIATE/ URGENT SALE
Exclusively used for agriculture purpose. SONALIKA 740 Mark III Tractor for
Immediate/Urgent sale Price NOT Negotiable. Only serious and actual buyers
call.Year: 2011
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Bihar र 3,50,000

84. 10 HP OIL ENGINE
good condition 10hp oil engine. For sale. 18000 only price hp negotiable
Year: 2005
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Thanjavur
र 1,80,000
PC300 L&T KOMATSU FOR IMMEDIATE SALE
pc300 L&T KOMATSU FOR IMMEDIATE SALE 3000hr run model 2011
price 45 lakh negotiable
Year: 2011
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Mangalore
र 45,00,000
08 Jan

85. HYDRAULIC TRAILOR
H.M.B TILLER INDUSTRIES Vill-Batamari,P.O-Bhojkhowa Chapari,Diste-
Sonitpur(Assam) Manufacturer of: General&Hydraulic Trailor,Cultivator,Paddy
Harvestor,Crop Cut...
Year: 2014
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Tezpur
र 1,20,000
TATA 200 ROCK BUCKET SALE
tata 200 rock bucket sale very good condition.price 50000neg
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Hyderabad
र 50,000

86. ROAD ROLLER FOR SALE
Load : 8- 10 Tonne Road Roller. Enginer Type : Perkins P6 cylinder Good
Condition single use. Road Roller for sale. Relly interested parties can contact a
sligh...
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Thane | Kapur Bawdi
र 2,50,000
MAHINDRA 575 DI
low price good conation sell
Year: 1993
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Ludhiana
र 1,65,000

87. EXCAVATOR EX-70 TATA HITACHI WITH BREAKER FOR SALE AT
RS.24,50,000.00
Model -Jan 2013 Machine run 1400 hours With Demo Breaker Price Rs.
24,50,000.00 Machine is good condition
Year: 2013
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Pune
र 24,50,000
07 Jan
FARMTRACK TRACTOR 65
model : 2009 price ; 280000 number : MUZAFFRANAGAR LOAN : NO
Year: 2009
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Meerut
र 2,80,000

88. ESCORTS LAUNCHED NEW PREMIUM TRACTORS FOR
AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCIAL PURPOSE
Escorts manufactures and supplies tractors from 15HP to 80HP for different
applications. Escorts have recently launched new premium tractors in the higher
horse...
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Kalyan
MALKEET COMBINE FOR SALE
Malkeet combine 2013 model 90 paise tyer Disposel engine Showroom
condition Price - 1375000 Contact us -- jaswinder singh Ph.094-78-720285
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Sunam
र 13,75,000

89. MAHINDRA 575. 10/12
i have Mahindra575 10/2012 which is in very clean condition available in a
reasonable price 465000 available it has run only 550 hour . intrested please
hurry b...
Year: 2012 550 kms
Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Phagwara
र 4,65,000
ESCORT 340 TRACTOR FOR SELL IN GOOD CONDITION WITH NEW
TIRES.
Tractor for Sell Escort 340 in Good Condition with New Tires. It was Self-use
Since I bought. (Well maintained) I want buy New Tractor, That's why I want
sell m...

90. Tractors | Agricultural Equipments | Darbhanga
र 2,00,000
NAME OF THE
PRODUCT
 MAHINDRA.

91. FEATURES OF THE TRACTORS?
Cuttting Edge Features that Keep You Ahead Where
Ever You Are
New Holland 30 series NX tractors equipped with Powerful TREM III engine, Diaphragm
Clutch, Wet Disc Brakes & Lift-O-Matic are technologically superior than any other tractor
in its category.
Side shift gear levers, constant mesh gearbox and extended footboard adds to operator
comfort and productivity
Features

92. Powerful TREM III
Engine
Semi-Platform Foot
Board
Lift-o-Matic
with Lock
Wet Disc
Brakes
Reliable Diaphragm
Clutch
Superior Hydraulics Economy PTO
Constant Mesh
Gearbox
Powerful TREM III Engine - gives more pulling power with low fuel
consumption
Constant Mesh Gearbox - 4 Star differential to provide comfort and power
together
Reliable Diaphragm Clutch - with more torque rating transmits more load,
smooth in operation and require less maintenance
Superior Hydraulics - proven technology gives excellent performance in all
types of soil conditions worldwide
Web Disc Brakes - Powerful and effective brakes which works for years,
require lesser maintenance and makes working safer during haulage
Unique Lift-O-Matic - button with a locking facility (for extra safety)
instantly lifts and returns the implement to the same depth as before with
ease

93. LOGO OF THE PRODUCT?
LABEL OF THE PRODUCT?

94. TAG LINES OF MAHINDRA
TRACTORS?
MAHINDRA HITS MARATHON COURSE
WITH NEW TAGLINE � RISE
Tuesday, Jan 18, 2011, 0:48 IST | Place: Mumbai | Agency: DNA
Satish John
Mahindra & Mahindra group, India's biggest utility vehicles and tractor
maker, on Monday unveiled its new brand positioning � 'Rise' � as it

95. seeks to project a singular voice for various businesses under its umbrella.
In a major makeover, the $7.1 billion Mahindra & Mahindra group, India’s
biggest utility vehicles and tractor maker, on Monday unveiled its new
brand positioning — ‘Rise’ — as it seeks to project a singular voice for
various businesses under its umbrella.
“Rise isn’t just a word — it is a rallying cry,” group vice chairman and
managing director Anand Mahindra said.
The brand positioning will span geographies as diverse as the US, South
Africa and India, and sectors from aerospace to automotive, farm equipment
to information technology and logistics.
This is a milestone as big as the launch of Mahindra Scorpio, the sport
utility vehicle that redefined M&M from a maker of stodgy utility vehicles
and tractors to a contemporary sports utility vehicle maker, he said, adding,
“There is an opportunity to become tomorrow’s company.”
By evolving into a multinational corporation, Mahindra said, the change the
company desires is fundamental. “The reason why people come to work is
going to change, and why people are going to buy a Mahindra product.”
M&M has been an outperformer over the last decade. The first half of 2001-
2005 saw M&M (Mahindra prefers to address it as a “federation of
companies”) blitz a compounded annual growth of 25% in revenues and
118% in profits.
The second half of the decade saw the company maintain the brisk growth
on a high base, growing at 26%, with profits growing at 29%. Naturally, the

96. growth was reflected in its share price, which grew 60 times by 2010.
“These were our sprints, but we need to run the marathon,” said Bharat
Doshi, group chief financial officer.
The group, which has zeroed in on ‘Rise’ after a nine-month search, said it
will spend Rs120 crore in the next three years, promoting the new initiative.
It had hired New York-based advertising agency StrawberryFrog two years
back to create a new brand positioning.
MNCs have long used taglines to convey their core purpose. Apple Inc’s
tagline reads “think different,” General Electric’s “Imagination at work,”
Harley Davidson’s “American by birth, rebel by choice.”
Sony redeemed Japan by building a world-class corporation, by focusing
singularly on the country. “For Mahindra, ‘Rise’ means achieving world
class standards in everything we do, setting new benchmarks of excellence
and conquering tough global markets,” Mahindra said.
Unnikrishnan of Brand Finance, a London-based consultancy specialising in
brand valuation, feels brand positioning has nothing to do with advertising
and everything to do with business strategy.
“It is a good attempt. It could give some spectacular results.”
But Unnikrishnan,managing director of the India office, warns that the
group should hold a mirror and peer into it regularly and review whether
promises are being kept.

97. ADVERTISING TECHNIQUES
HOORAY FOR FREE
ADVERTISING
When you build a business, the first thing you want to secure is a customer
base. With a decent printer, an answering machine and an average computer,
you can put together a fairly extensive advertising campaign without having

98. to pay for space.
1. Flyers
This is the carpet-bombing method of cheap advertising. You find an area
that you would like to do business in and you distribute flyers to all the
mailboxes within reach. Your flyer should be brief and to the point,
highlighting the services you offer and providing contact information.
Offering a free appraisal, coupon or discount never hurts.
2. Posters
Most supermarkets, public spaces and malls offer free bulletin board space
for announcements and advertisements. This is a hit or miss method, but you
should try to make your poster reasonably visible and have removable tabs
that the customers can present for a discount. Make each location a different
color so that you can get an idea from the tabs where the most leads are
being generated. If there is one area that is producing the majority of your
leads, you can better target your campaign (flyers, ads in papers catering to
those areas, cold calling, etc.)
3. Value Additions
This is one of the most powerful selling points for any product or service.
On the surface, value additions are very similar to coupons and free
appraisals, but they are aimed at increasing customer satisfaction and
widening the gap between you and competition.

99. Common value additions include guarantees, discounts for repeat customers,
point cards and referrals rewards. Often the deciding factor for a person
picking between one of two similar shops is whether he or she has a point
card or preferred customer card. You don't have to promise the moon to add
value; often you just have to state something that the customer may not
realize about your product or service. When you are making your
advertising materials, the value additions should be highlighted.
4. Referral Networks
Referral networks are invaluable to a business. This does not only mean
customer referrals, which are encouraged though discounts or other rewards
per referral. This includes business-to-business referrals. If you have ever
found yourself saying, "we don't do/sell that here, but X down the street
does," you should make certain that you are getting a referral in return.
When dealing with white-collar professions, this network is even stronger.
A lawyer refers people to an accountant, an accountant refers people a
broker, a financial planner refers people to a real estate agent - in each of
these situations, the person stakes his or her professional reputation on the
referral. Regardless of your business, make sure you create a referral
network that has the same outlook and commitment to quality that you do.
As a final note on referral networks, remember that your competition is not
always your enemy. If you are too busy to take a job, throw it their way,
most times you will find the favor returned. Besides, it can be bad for your
reputation if a customer has to wait too long. (Are your shoulder's wide
enough to carry a company's reputation? See The Marketing Director's
Pitch.)

100. 5. Follow-Up
Advertising can help you get a job, but what you do after a job can often be
a much stronger marketing tool. Follow-up questionnaires are one of the
best sources of feedback for how your ad campaign is going. Why did the
customer choose your business? Where did he or she hear about it? Which
other companies had he or she considered? What was the customer most
satisfied with? What was least satisfying? Also, if your job involves going
to the customer, make sure to slip a flyer into the nearby mailboxes, as
people of similar needs and interests tend to live in the same area.
6. Cold Calling
Unpleasant? Yes. Important? Yes. Cold calling, whether it is over the phone
or door to door, is a baptism of fire for many small businesses. Cold calling
forces you to sell yourself as well as your business. If people can't buy you,
the person talking to them, then they won't buy anything from you. Over the
phone you don't have the benefit of a smile or face-to-face conversation – a
phone is a license for people to be as caustic and abrupt as possible (we are
all guilty of this at one time or another). However, cold calling does makes
you think on your feet and encourages creativity and adaptability when
facing potential customers.
7. The Internet
It is dishonest to pretend that the Internet is a cohesive whole for marketing
– like a community hall you can put up a poster in or a section of the

101. highway were you can buy billboard space. However, it is difficult to
overstate the importance the Internet has on marketing. The previous
methods of marketing have not changed in the last 50 years. The Internet
has been born and evolved rapidly during that same time frame.
It is nearly unthinkable that a company, even a local café will not have at
least a website with the vital details such as location and hours. Not having a
site means not having a point of access for the growing number of people
who Google first when they want to make a buying decision. Add to this a
social media presence (Facebook page, Twitter account) and the need for
good SEO, and it can appear overwhelming. However, the technology has
evolved to the point where Wordpress – just one example of a free HTML
editor – can meet all these needs.
8. Bottom Line
More than likely, you will find that the conversion rate on marketing is very
low. Even the most successful campaigns measure leads – and converted
sales from those leads - in the 10-20% range. This helps to shatter any
illusions about instant success, but it is also an opportunity for
improvement. Do you want a company to buy your product? Give them a
presentation showing how it will benefit them. Do you want someone to use
your service? Give them an estimate or a sample of what you will do for
them. Be confident, creative and unapologetic – people will eventually
respond. (Understanding how to manage business credit is the key to
obtaining small business loans

102. USE OF TRANSPORTS
Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nation's
economy. Since the economic liberalisation of the 1990s, development of
infrastructure within the country has progressed at a rapid pace, and today
there is a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air.
However, India's relatively low GNP per capita has meant that access to

103. these modes of transport has not been uniform.
In the interim, public transport remains the primary mode of transport for
most of the population, and India's public transport systems are among the
most heavily used in the world. India's rail network is the 4th longest and
the most heavily used system in the world, transporting 7651 million
passengers and over 921 million tonnes of freight annually, as of 2011.
Motor vehicle penetration is low by international standards, with only 103
million cars on the nation's roads. In addition, only around 10% of Indian
households own a motorcycle. Despite this, the number of deaths caused by
traffic is amongst the highest in the world and is still increasing The
automobile industry in India is currently rapidly growing with an annual
production of over 4.6 million vehicles, and vehicle volume is expected to
rise greatly in the future.
Despite ongoing improvements in the sector, several aspects of the transport
sector are still riddled with problems due to outdated infrastructure and lack
of investment in less economically active parts of the country. The demand
for transport infrastructure and services has been rising by around 10% a
year with the current infrastructure being unable to meet these growing
demands. According to recent estimates by Goldman Sachs Public
road transport

104. A road in Kolkata showing buses, taxis, autorickshaws and other modes of
road transport. Public transport is the predominant mode of motorised
local travel in cities. This is predominantly by road, since commuter rail
services are available only in the seven metropolitan cities of Mumbai,
Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Pune, while
dedicated city bus services are known to operate in at least 25 cities
with a population of over one million.[30] Intermediate public transport
modes like tempos and cycle rickshaws assume importance in medium
size cities.[11] However, the share of buses is negligible in most Indian
cities as compared to personalized vehicles, and two-wheelers and cars
account for more than 80 percent of the vehicle population in most
large cities.
Traffic in Indian cities generally moves slowly, where traffic jams and
accidents are very common. India has very poor records on road safely—
around 90,000 people die from road accidents every year. At least 13 people
die every hour in road accidents in the country,also in the year 2007 road
accidents claimed more than 130,000 lives, overtaking China.[33] [34]
A
Reader's Digest study of traffic congestion in Asian cities ranked several
Indian cities within the Top Ten for worst traffic.
 BUS

105. Double decker BEST bus in Mumbai
An air conditioned public bus in Bangalore
An air conditioned moffusil buse run by APSRTC in Andhra Pradesh

106. A Tata Marcopolo bus in use in Chandigarh, India
The oldest Indian state transport undertaking is North Bengal State
Transport Corporation founded by the Raj Durbar of Koch Bihar Kingdom
regime on 1 April 1945 with three buses and three trucks. It is still vibrant
and running, providing service to commuters of North Bengal region. Buses
take up over 90% of public transport in Indian cities,and serve as a cheap
and convenient mode of transport for all classes of society. Services are
mostly run by state government owned transport corporations. However,
after the economic liberalisation, many state transport corporations have
introduced various facilities like low-floor buses for the disabled and air-
conditioned buses to attract private car owners to help decongest roads.
Bengaluru was the first city in India to introduce Volvo B7RLE intra-city
buses in India in January 2006.Bengaluru is the first Indian city to have an
air-conditioned bus stop, located near Cubbon Park. It was built by airtel.
APSRTC has been acknowledged as the single corporation having the
largest bus fleet in the world. The city of Chennai houses one of Asia's
largest bus terminus, the Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus In 2009, the
Government of Karnataka and the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport
Corporation flagged off a pro-poor bus service called the Atal Sarige. The
service aims to provide low-cost connectivity to the economically backward

107. sections of the society to the nearest major bus station.
 Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS)
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help
improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2012)
A BRT station in Ahmedabad, Gujarat
New initiatives like Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems and air conditioned
buses have been taken by the various state government to improve the bus
public transport systems in cities. The idea of a BRT concept in India -
based on the successful system in Curitiba, Brazil - was first introduced in
the year 2000 in the form of a feasibility study for Bangalore carried out by
Swedish consultants but was not implemented at the time. Today, however,
the concept has caught on and Bus Rapid Transit systems already exist in
Pune, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Jaipur with new ones coming up in
Kolkata, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Bangalore and Hubli-Dharwad. High
Capacity buses can be found in cities like Mumbai, Bengaluru, Nagpur and

108. Chennai.
 Taxi
Taxis in India
Ambassador taxis in Kolkata
Radio Taxi in Bengaluru, Karnataka
Most of the traditional taxicabs in India are either Premier Padmini or
Hindustan Ambassador cars. Depending on the city/state, taxis can either be
hailed or hired from taxi-stands. In cities such as Ahmedabad,Bengaluru,
Hyderabad,taxis need to be hired over phone, whereas in cities like Kolkata

109. and Mumbai, taxis can be hailed on the street. According to government of
India regulations, all taxis are required to have a fare-meter installed. There
are additional surcharges for luggage, late-night rides and toll taxes are to be
paid by the passenger. Since 2006, radio taxis have become increasingly
popular with the public due to reasons of safety and convenience. In cities
and localities where taxis are expensive or do not ply as per the government
or municipal regulated fares, people use share taxis. These are normal taxis
which carry one or more passengers travelling to destinations either en route
to the final destination, or near the final destination.[citation needed]
The
passengers are charged according to the number of people with different
destinations. A similar system exists for autorickshaws, known as share
autos.[citation needed]
The city of Mumbai will soon be the first city in India, to
have an "in-taxi" magazine, titled MumBaee, which will be issued to taxis
which are part of the Mumbai Taximen's Union. The magazine debuted on
13 July 2009.In Kolkata there are many no refusal taxis available with
white and blue in colour.

110.  Auto Rickshaw
Main article: Autorickshaw
Autorickshaw in Mumbai
An auto rickshaw is a three-wheeler vehicle for hire that has both side doors
and is generally characterised by a small cabin for the driver in the front and
a seat for passengers in the rear. Generally it is painted in yellow, green or
black colour and has a black, yellow or green canopy on the top, but designs
vary considerably from place to place. The color of the autorickshaw is also
determined by the fuel that it is powered by, for example Ahmedabad and
Delhi have green autos indicating the use of compressed natural gas,
whereas the autos of Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore have green or black autos

111. indicating the use of LPG.[citation needed]
In Mumbai and other metropolitan cities, 'autos' or 'ricks' as they are
popularly known have regulated metered fares. A recent law prohibits auto
rickshaw drivers from charging more than the specified fare, or charging
night-fare before midnight, and also prohibits the driver from refusing to go
to a particular location. Mumbai and Kolkata are also the only two cities
which prohibit auto rickshaws from entering a certain part of the city
URBAN RAIL TRANSPORT
 Suburban railway
Suburban rail in India
A MRTS station in the city of Chennai

112. Delhi Metro, operational since 2002
Purple Line of Namma Metro in central Bangalore

113. India's oldest metro is the Kolkata Metro
The present suburban railway services in India are limited and are
operational only in Mumbai, Kolkata, Pune, Chennai, Delhi and Hyderabad
.[30]
The Mumbai Suburban Railway is the first rail system in India which
began services in Mumbai in 1867, transports 6.3 million passengers daily
and has the highest passenger density in the world. The first rapid transit
system in India, the Kolkata Suburban Railway, was established in Kolkata
0
 Urban mass rapid transit
Main article: Rapid transit in India
The first modern rapid transit in India is the Kolkata Metro and started its
operations in 1984,this is also the 17Th Zone of the Indian Railways. The
Delhi Metro in New Delhi is the second conventional metro and began
operations in 2002. The Namma Metro in Bengalore is India's third
operational rapid transit and began operations in 2011. Currently, rapid
transit systems have been deployed in these cities and more are under
construction or in planning in several major cities of India.

114. SOCIAL MESSAGE FOR USE
MAHINDRA TRANSPORTS DETAILS
A web check is a detailed look at a person's online activities. This can
include copies of emails and text messages, links to blogs and monitoring of
social media
 How We Got Here
From humble beginnings to a global presence, our journey has been

115. more than 65 years in the making.
Mahindra and an independent India began their rise together. In
1945, two enterprising brothers named J.C. Mahindra and K.C. Mahindra
joined forces with Ghulam Mohammed and started Mahindra &
Mohammed as a steel company in Mumbai. Two years later, India won its
independence, Ghulam Mohammed left the company to become Pakistan’s
first finance minister, and the Mahindra brothers ignited the company's
enduring growth with their decision to manufacture Willys jeeps under
license in Mumbai. The company’s new name - Mahindra & Mahindra, of
course.
The Mahindra brothers believed that new modes of transportation could be a
key to India’s prosperity, so one of their first goals was to build rugged,
simple vehicles capable of tackling the Indian terrain. Early pioneers of
globalization, the brothers collaborated with a wide range of international
companies and before long, Mahindra’s reach extended to steel, tractors,
telecom, and more.

116. Now, after more than six decades, Mahindra has grown from a humble local
outfit to a US $16.7 billion corporation employing more than 180,000
people around the world. It’s been quite an adventure so far, and we’re
proud of our global leadership in utility vehicles, tractors, and information
technology, as well as our significant presence in financial services, leisure
and hospitality, engineering, trade, and logistics. As we accelerate into the
21st
century, we’ll continue to pursue innovative ideas that enable people to
rise. We’ve come a long way, but the journey has just begun.
MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.
BSE:500520 | NSE:M&MEQ | 58888:m&m | IND:Auto - Cars &
Jeeps | ISIN code:INE101A01026 | SECT:Auto
BSE LIVE
01:39 PM | 15 Jan 2014
896.35
Change:
6.90(0.78%)
Volume:

117. 53,413
Open:
891.00
Prv. Close:
889.45
Today:
888.00
898.65
52-Wk:
741.50
1026.45
Bid:
896.00(10)
Offer:
896.35(37)
NSE LIVE

118. 01:39 PM | 15 Jan 2014
897.15
Change:
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638,312
Open:
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Today:
886.95
899.00
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740.15
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119. Bid:
897.10(30)
Offer:
897.15(9)
MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA FINANCIAL
SERVICES LIMITED
महिन्द्रा एंड महिन्द्रा फायनांशियल सर्विसेस शलशमटेड
Type Public company
Traded as
NSE: M&MFIN
BSE: 532720
Industry NBFC
Founded 1991
Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Area served India
Key people Ramesh Iyer, MD
Products Financial services
Revenue
38947 million
(US$600 million) (FY'13)[1]
Total assets 254,924 million (FY'13)
Total equity 1,126 million (FY'13)

120. Employees 11,270 (FY'13)
Parent Mahindra Group
Subsidiaries
 Mahindra Insurance
Brokers Limited
 Mahindra Rural
Housing Finance
Website MahindraFinance.com
Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited (MMFSL) is one of
India’s leading Rural NBFC headquartered in Mumbai, India It is amongst
the top tractor financer in India and offers a wide range of financial products
to address varied customer requirement The NBFC has 657 offices spread
across over 1.3 lac villages across India with a total of 2.5 Million custom
CONTENTS
 1 History
 2 Corporate Affairs
 3 Products and Services
o Vehicle Financing
o SME Financing
o Housing Finance
o Personal Loans
o Insurance Broking
o Mutual Fund distribution
o Fixed Deposits

121.  4 Subsidiaries
o Mahindra Insurance Brokers Limited
o Mahindra Rural Housing Finance Limited
o Mahindra Business and Consulting Services Private
Limited
 5 Social Initiatives
o Lifeline Express
o Mahindra Hariyali
o Other Social Initiatives
 6 Awards & Recognitions
 7 References
 8 External links
 HISTORY
The Mahindra Finance journey started on January 1, 1991, as Maxi Motors
Financial Services Limited. They received the certificate of commencement
of business on February 19, 1991. On November 3, 1992, Mahindra Finance
changed their name to Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited.
Mahindra Finance is registered with the Reserve Bank of India as an asset
finance, deposit taking NBFC.
In 1993 it commenced financing M & M Utility vehicles and in 1995 started
its first branch outside Mumbai, in Jaipur. Began financing Non M & M
vehicles in 2002 and got into the business of financing of Commercial

122. Vehicles and Construction Equipments in 2009. 2011 was the year in which
they had a Joint Venture with Rabobank subsidiary for tractor financing in
USA and consolidated the product portfolio by introducing Small and
Medium Enterprises (SME) financing.
Balance Sheet of Mahindra and
Mahindra
------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------
Mar '13 Mar '12 Mar '11 Mar '10
12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths
Sources Of Funds
Total Share Capital 295.16 294.52 293.62 282.95
Equity Share Capital 295.16 294.52 293.62 282.95
Share Application Money 0.00 0.00 0.02 8.01
Preference Share Capital 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Reserves 14,363.76 11,876.57 10,019.75 7,527.60 4
Revaluation Reserves 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.67
Networth 14,658.92 12,171.09 10,313.39 7,830.23 5

123. Secured Loans 266.67 400.18 407.23 602.45
Unsecured Loans 2,960.40 2,774.04 1,913.87 2,277.70 3
Total Debt 3,227.07 3,174.22 2,321.10 2,880.15 4
Total Liabilities 17,885.99 15,345.31 12,634.49 10,710.38 9
Mar '13 Mar '12 Mar '11 Mar '10
12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths
Application Of Funds
Gross Block 8,602.96 7,502.36 5,858.26 4,866.18 4
Less: Accum. Depreciation 3,645.10 3,216.34 2,725.35 2,537.77 2
Net Block 4,957.86 4,286.02 3,132.91 2,328.41 2
Capital Work in Progress 863.48 794.73 773.68 1,374.31
Investments 11,833.46 10,310.46 8,925.63 6,398.02 5
Inventories 2,419.77 2,358.39 1,694.21 1,188.78 1
Sundry Debtors 2,208.35 1,988.36 1,260.31 1,258.08 1
Cash and Bank Balance 1,781.41 1,188.43 614.64 475.17
Total Current Assets 6,409.53 5,535.18 3,569.16 2,922.03 2
Loans and Advances 3,389.26 2,985.59 3,138.40 2,034.47 1
Fixed Deposits 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,268.06
Total CA, Loans & Advances 9,798.79 8,520.77 6,707.56 6,224.56 5
Deffered Credit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Current Liabilities 7,662.13 6,721.40 5,223.75 3,822.50 3
Provisions 1,905.47 1,845.27 1,681.54 1,796.54 1
Total CL & Provisions 9,567.60 8,566.67 6,905.29 5,619.04 4
Net Current Assets 231.19 -45.90 -197.73 605.52
Miscellaneous Expenses 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.12
Total Assets 17,885.99 15,345.31 12,634.49 10,710.38 9
Contingent Liabilities 87.20 2,307.66 1,893.85 2,307.70 1

124. Book Value (Rs) 238.75 198.23 167.99 138.02
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.scribd.com/doc/207256383/marketing-strategies-of-mahindra-tractors
http://www.slideshare.net/MakshudKhan/mahindra-mahindra-project-repot-by-makshud-khan
www.ask.mahindratractor.com

125. www.wikipedia.org