This document discusses track geometry and tolerances on Indian Railways. It provides an overview of track functions and geometry, including degrees of freedom and parameters like cant, twist, unevenness and alignment. It then discusses stress distribution from rail-wheel contact to ballast contact. Various track geometry issues are covered like parameters, measurement, representation, standards setting and quality indices. Different types of track tolerances are defined for new track, maintenance, index, service, slow down and safety. Specific tolerance values and standards are provided for items like gauge, joints, spacing, cross-level and alignment for new tracks. Maintenance tolerances from sources like the Track Machine Manual are also summarized.
This document provides the testing methods for concrete poles used for overhead power and telecommunication lines. It outlines the general procedures for transverse strength testing, including how to securely clamp the pole, apply loading at the specified point, measure deflection and load, and record data. The testing is done by gradually increasing the applied load until failure occurs, while measuring deflection at various stages. After testing, the concrete cover thickness is measured at three points along the pole.
Evaluation of rigid pavements by deflection approacheSAT Journals
This document discusses using the Benkelman Beam Deflection (BBD) technique to evaluate rigid pavements by measuring load transfer efficiency (LTE) across joints. The BBD technique involves using two Benkelman beams placed on adjacent slabs - one loaded and one unloaded - to measure deflections when a load passes over. LTE is calculated as the ratio of the unloaded slab deflection to loaded slab deflection. The document applies this method to a rigid pavement in Pune, India, finding LTE values ranging from 31-43% across slabs, with a characteristic LTE of 37.11%. It concludes the BBD technique can provide information on dowel bar performance in rigid pavements.
This document discusses dynamics of rotating machinery with an emphasis on balancing. It covers balancing fundamentals, critical speeds and vibratory modes, damping, bearings and support structures. Case studies on balancing of a 115 MW generator rotor are presented, showing vibration measurements before and after balancing. Details of the generator rotor, balancing planes and trial weights used are provided. Common vibratory modes like rocking, conical and bending modes are explained. The document also discusses turbo machinery damping mechanisms and hydrodynamic bearings.
This document provides an overview and tutorial on ISO 1940/1, an international standard for selecting balance quality requirements for rigid rotors. It outlines the standard's methodology for determining permissible residual unbalance (Uper) based on rotor type, weight, and maximum operating speed. The document simplifies the calculations for Uper and provides guidance on allocating Uper between correction planes for different rotor configurations, such as symmetrical, overhung, and narrow rotors. It also compares ISO 1940/1 balance quality grades to those specified by other standards like MIL-STD-167-1 and API.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2-RA10C ROBO Cylinder. It is a rod-type cylinder with a 100mm width and pulse motor. The speed and load capacity decrease at higher speeds due to the characteristics of the pulse motor. Compatible controllers include the PCON-CF-86PI-NP-2-0 positioner controller. The cylinder has leads of 10mm, 5mm and 2.5mm and maximum loads of 80-300kg depending on the lead and direction.
This document specifies track geometry standards for PTSOM rail networks. It addresses design and rating of track parameters like gauge, curves, transitions, and gradients. It provides maximum allowable values for elements like cant, cant deficiency, horizontal curve radius, and grade. It explains how cant is used to counteract centrifugal force on curves and how vehicle speed is determined based on the curve radius and cant. It also addresses special cases like short transitions, bends, and uncanted curves to ensure safe train operation within passenger comfort limits.
This document discusses balancing of rotating members. It defines balancing as restoring a rotor with unbalance to a balanced state by adjusting its mass distribution about its axis of rotation. Balancing is necessary for quiet and high-speed operation, as well as long bearing life. It describes static and dynamic balancing. Static balancing involves balancing in a single plane, while dynamic balancing accounts for masses in multiple planes. Graphical methods using force and couple polygons are presented for determining balancing masses and their positions to achieve dynamic balance. An example problem demonstrates using these methods to balance a shaft with masses in four planes.
Field Balancing of Critical Rotating MachinesPraveen Manocha
This document discusses balancing of critical rotating machinery. It begins with fundamentals of vibration measurement and analysis tools. It then differentiates unbalance from other vibration causes through case studies. The document covers theories of static, dynamic, and couple unbalance. It provides examples of unbalance caused by blade loss and rotor rubbing. Additional cases discuss issues like misalignment from swash errors. The document outlines the balancing process and considerations like influence vectors and weight splitting.
This document provides the testing methods for concrete poles used for overhead power and telecommunication lines. It outlines the general procedures for transverse strength testing, including how to securely clamp the pole, apply loading at the specified point, measure deflection and load, and record data. The testing is done by gradually increasing the applied load until failure occurs, while measuring deflection at various stages. After testing, the concrete cover thickness is measured at three points along the pole.
Evaluation of rigid pavements by deflection approacheSAT Journals
This document discusses using the Benkelman Beam Deflection (BBD) technique to evaluate rigid pavements by measuring load transfer efficiency (LTE) across joints. The BBD technique involves using two Benkelman beams placed on adjacent slabs - one loaded and one unloaded - to measure deflections when a load passes over. LTE is calculated as the ratio of the unloaded slab deflection to loaded slab deflection. The document applies this method to a rigid pavement in Pune, India, finding LTE values ranging from 31-43% across slabs, with a characteristic LTE of 37.11%. It concludes the BBD technique can provide information on dowel bar performance in rigid pavements.
This document discusses dynamics of rotating machinery with an emphasis on balancing. It covers balancing fundamentals, critical speeds and vibratory modes, damping, bearings and support structures. Case studies on balancing of a 115 MW generator rotor are presented, showing vibration measurements before and after balancing. Details of the generator rotor, balancing planes and trial weights used are provided. Common vibratory modes like rocking, conical and bending modes are explained. The document also discusses turbo machinery damping mechanisms and hydrodynamic bearings.
This document provides an overview and tutorial on ISO 1940/1, an international standard for selecting balance quality requirements for rigid rotors. It outlines the standard's methodology for determining permissible residual unbalance (Uper) based on rotor type, weight, and maximum operating speed. The document simplifies the calculations for Uper and provides guidance on allocating Uper between correction planes for different rotor configurations, such as symmetrical, overhung, and narrow rotors. It also compares ISO 1940/1 balance quality grades to those specified by other standards like MIL-STD-167-1 and API.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2-RA10C ROBO Cylinder. It is a rod-type cylinder with a 100mm width and pulse motor. The speed and load capacity decrease at higher speeds due to the characteristics of the pulse motor. Compatible controllers include the PCON-CF-86PI-NP-2-0 positioner controller. The cylinder has leads of 10mm, 5mm and 2.5mm and maximum loads of 80-300kg depending on the lead and direction.
This document specifies track geometry standards for PTSOM rail networks. It addresses design and rating of track parameters like gauge, curves, transitions, and gradients. It provides maximum allowable values for elements like cant, cant deficiency, horizontal curve radius, and grade. It explains how cant is used to counteract centrifugal force on curves and how vehicle speed is determined based on the curve radius and cant. It also addresses special cases like short transitions, bends, and uncanted curves to ensure safe train operation within passenger comfort limits.
This document discusses balancing of rotating members. It defines balancing as restoring a rotor with unbalance to a balanced state by adjusting its mass distribution about its axis of rotation. Balancing is necessary for quiet and high-speed operation, as well as long bearing life. It describes static and dynamic balancing. Static balancing involves balancing in a single plane, while dynamic balancing accounts for masses in multiple planes. Graphical methods using force and couple polygons are presented for determining balancing masses and their positions to achieve dynamic balance. An example problem demonstrates using these methods to balance a shaft with masses in four planes.
Field Balancing of Critical Rotating MachinesPraveen Manocha
This document discusses balancing of critical rotating machinery. It begins with fundamentals of vibration measurement and analysis tools. It then differentiates unbalance from other vibration causes through case studies. The document covers theories of static, dynamic, and couple unbalance. It provides examples of unbalance caused by blade loss and rotor rubbing. Additional cases discuss issues like misalignment from swash errors. The document outlines the balancing process and considerations like influence vectors and weight splitting.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2-RGD4C ROBO Cylinder. It includes graphs showing the cylinder's decreasing load capacity at higher speeds due to its pulse motor. A table lists the maximum speeds and load capacities for different lead sizes. The document also provides dimensions and weights for the cylinder at various stroke lengths. Compatible controllers that can operate the cylinder are described.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2CR-SS7C cleanroom ROBO cylinder. It has a pulse motor, slider coupling type, and is 60mm wide. The maximum load capacity decreases at higher speeds due to the pulse motor characteristics. Load capacity also decreases with increasing lead size. The document provides tables and graphs of speed versus load capacity, stroke length and maximum speed specifications, as well as dimensions and other technical details.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2 ROBO Cylinder actuator. It includes details on:
1) The load capacity decreases at higher speeds due to the pulse motor characteristics, with load capacity vs speed graphs provided.
2) The maximum stroke and speed supported depends on the lead and model, with an actuator specification table listing these details.
3) Additional information is given on dimensions, weight by stroke, compatible controllers, and technical references.
This document summarizes chain drives. It discusses that chain drives transmit mechanical power from one place to another using a sequence of linked items forming an open or closed path. Chain drives have advantages like not slipping, maintaining precise speed, and easy installation, but are noisy, require lubrication, and are heavier than belts. It covers velocity ratio, factor of safety, classifications of chains, power transmission calculations, applications like hoisting and conveying, and examples of chain drives in vehicles and machinery.
This document provides information on the RCP2-BA7/BA7U ROBO Cylinder including:
1) Speed and load capacity are inversely related, with a graph showing load capacity decreases at higher speeds.
2) Configuration details including stroke, lead, motor mounting, and compatible controllers are provided.
3) Dimensions, weight, and CAD drawings vary depending on the stroke between 600-1200mm. Compatible controllers include solenoid valve, positioner, safety compliant, and program control types.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2-SS7C ROBO Cylinder. It includes details on:
1) The speed and load capacity decreases at higher speeds due to the pulse motor characteristics. A graph shows the supported speed and load capacity range.
2) Dimensions, weight, stroke lengths and maximum speeds are provided in a table.
3) Compatible controllers that can operate the cylinder are listed, including solenoid valve types and positioning controllers.
This document provides instructions for calculating the proper tension for a conveyor belt based on operating conditions and specifications. It outlines 12 key pieces of information needed, such as carrying surface, drive data, environment, loading rate and pulley diameters. It then describes calculating the effective belt tension as the sum of tensions to move the empty belt, load and lift the load. Additional tension is added to prevent slippage. The proper reinforcement ply is then selected based on flexibility, load support and impact resistance. Motor horsepower requirements and maximum tension the system can generate are also calculated.
This document describes the CT4 high-speed Cartesian robot. It has a rotational axis specification that allows changing the moving or aligning direction of a workpiece. It operates at high speeds up to 2500mm/s with acceleration of up to 3.2G. The standard cycle time is 32% less than conventional Cartesian robots. It has a large efficient 400x300mm operating range and high rigidity for easy installation.
This document provides specifications for a hydraulic crawler crane model CKE900-1F, including:
- A maximum lifting capacity of 90 metric tons at 3.4 meters for the crane boom and 10.9 metric tons at 18 meters for the fixed jib.
- The crane boom has a maximum length of 61 meters and the maximum fixed jib combination is 51.8 meters plus 18.3 meters.
- Additional details provided include engine specifications, hydraulic system components, dimensions, working ranges, and lifting capacity charts.
modern methods of railway track maintanencekrishnacp
The document discusses modern methods of track maintenance including mechanized maintenance using tamping machines, measured shovel packing, and directed track maintenance. Mechanized maintenance uses tamping machines to consolidate ballast and maintain tracks more efficiently. Measured shovel packing involves accurately measuring track defects, lifting the track, and placing measured quantities of stone chippings to level the track without blocking traffic. Directed track maintenance identifies track geometry defects using measuring devices and only rectifies defects at indicated locations to maintain tracks to standards.
This document provides information on lineshaft driven live roller conveyors. It describes the general operating principle where a drive shaft spans the length of the conveyor and transmits power to rollers. It then provides specifications for 1 3/8 inch diameter lineshaft conveyors, including dimensions, materials, speeds, load capacities and options. It also describes lineshaft driven curve and spur conveyors for turns and merges, listing available angles and dimensions.
This document describes the design of a vertical screw conveyor. It includes the selection of a JHS400 screw to transport cement vertically over 3.15 meters. A 1.4552 kW motor operating at 1425 rpm is chosen to power the conveyor. Three A-section V-belts running over pulleys with diameters of 125mm and 250mm are selected to transmit power from the motor to the screw. Gears and chains are also included in the drive mechanism with specified transmission ratios. The shaft, keys, bearings and clutch are designed. Material selections are made for the pulleys, V-belts and other components. Dimensions and specifications are provided for each designed part.
The document presents a sliding mode control algorithm and adaptive nonlinear observer for regulating wheel slip in anti-lock braking systems for commercial vehicles. Simulation results using an ADAMS vehicle model show the new control approach can achieve a stopping distance of 54 meters from 60 mph, satisfying new regulations requiring shorter stopping distances. The algorithm holds tire slip near its peak to maximize braking force, and the observer estimates brake forces using a LuGre tire friction model.
This document provides information on ground maneuvering capabilities for the MD-90-30/-30ER aircraft, including:
- Turning radii for various nose gear steering angles, with notes that actual operating data may require more conservative maneuvers.
- Visibility from the cockpit in static position, including maximum aft vision and angles.
- Recommended runway and taxiway turn paths for turns over 90 degrees, 90 degrees, and within taxiways, with notes to consult airlines on operating procedures.
- Dimensions for a runway holding bay/apron, with minimum clearance distances between aircraft.
This document provides a summary of a seminar on V-belts and drives. It discusses different types of V-belts like raw edge cogged belts, poly-V belts, space saver wedge belts and their advantages. It also covers topics like belt construction, tensioning, causes of belt failure and remedies. Standard dimensions for V-grooved pulleys are presented. The benefits of wedge belt drives over conventional V-belt drives are highlighted, including lower cost and longer belt life.
This document summarizes new and improved functions of SCON controllers for linear servo actuators. Key points include:
1) An offboard tuning function allows increasing actuator load capacity and acceleration/deceleration by automatically setting optimal gain according to the load. It provides benefits such as increasing maximum payload and speed.
2) The controllers now support many major field networks for simple, wire-saving connections to various equipment. Operations can be done by specifying positions or direct numerical values.
3) A new vibration control function suppresses vibration of workpieces attached to the actuator, shortening wait times and reducing cycle times.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2-SRGS4R ROBO Cylinder Short Rod Type with Single Guide 45mm Width, including:
1) The load capacity decreases at higher speeds due to the pulse motor characteristics, and graphs show the supported speed and load capacity.
2) Dimensions, weight, stroke lengths, ball screw specifications, and positioning repeatability are provided for the actuator.
3) Compatible controllers include solenoid valve types, positioner types, program control types, and others that operate on various input voltages and support different maximum positioning points.
Claas dominator 78 h (type 079) combine service repair manualufjjsjekkdemd
This document provides specifications for the CLAAS Dominator 106 combine harvester including technical data, dimensions, weights, settings, and capacities. It includes information on the cutterbar, threshing equipment, straw walkers, cleaning system, engines, transmission, hydraulics, electrical system, and auxiliary equipment. Dimensions and specifications are provided for operating and transport positions. Settings such as hydraulic oil pressures, tire pressures, and wheel bolt torques are also listed. The document contains detailed technical specifications for the CLAAS Dominator 106 combine harvester model.
1. The document discusses raising train speeds to 130/160 kmph on existing tracks and evaluates curves based on cant, cant deficiency, cant excess, and transition lengths.
2. It determines the maximum permissible cant and finds it can be up to 200mm to avoid overturning, considering safety factors for wind loads.
3. Cant deficiency up to 125mm and cant excess up to 75mm are deemed safe based on stability and rail stresses.
This document summarizes key concepts related to track geometrics, including track alignment, gradients, grade compensation, super-elevation, cant deficiency, transition curves, widening of gauge on curves, and points and crossings. It defines governing parameters for horizontal and vertical alignment, describes methods for compensating gradients on curves, and provides formulas and examples for calculating values like equilibrium cant, maximum permissible speed, and length of transition curves. It also covers turnout design, different cases for turnout calculations, and types of stations and station yards.
1. Railway track maintenance has traditionally relied on empirical methods but modern railways face shortages of skilled labor and resources to maintain tracks for high-speed trains.
2. The document discusses track maintenance tolerance standards specified by UIC for different speed ranges and components. It also summarizes track quality standards of different European railways.
3. Effective high-speed line maintenance requires choosing optimal track layouts, sufficient maintenance time and equipment, and regular inspections including foot patrols, recording vehicles, and ultrasonic testing to monitor track quality over time.
Alternative Approach to Permanent way Alignment DesignConstantin Ciobanu
The speaker presented a comparison between the Track
alignment design approach based on NR standards and the one based on the European Norms and the Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI), highlighting the main area where these approaches are different and touching the subject of the safety design factors embedded in the track alignment design
procedures.
The main topics:
Cant parameters definition, the origin of the 11.82 cant constant. ways of applying cant.
Track geometry recording. Quality Standard deviation. Inherent standard deviation. The advantage of using rolling SDs. Quality bands for low and high speed.
Cant over a reverse transition - the orphan rule of lifting the reversing point to improve the quality of riding.
Designing a sudden change in curvature. Virtual transition - TRK2049. The rules of the European Norm for track geometry EN 13803-1&2
The significance of transition shift.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2-RGD4C ROBO Cylinder. It includes graphs showing the cylinder's decreasing load capacity at higher speeds due to its pulse motor. A table lists the maximum speeds and load capacities for different lead sizes. The document also provides dimensions and weights for the cylinder at various stroke lengths. Compatible controllers that can operate the cylinder are described.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2CR-SS7C cleanroom ROBO cylinder. It has a pulse motor, slider coupling type, and is 60mm wide. The maximum load capacity decreases at higher speeds due to the pulse motor characteristics. Load capacity also decreases with increasing lead size. The document provides tables and graphs of speed versus load capacity, stroke length and maximum speed specifications, as well as dimensions and other technical details.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2 ROBO Cylinder actuator. It includes details on:
1) The load capacity decreases at higher speeds due to the pulse motor characteristics, with load capacity vs speed graphs provided.
2) The maximum stroke and speed supported depends on the lead and model, with an actuator specification table listing these details.
3) Additional information is given on dimensions, weight by stroke, compatible controllers, and technical references.
This document summarizes chain drives. It discusses that chain drives transmit mechanical power from one place to another using a sequence of linked items forming an open or closed path. Chain drives have advantages like not slipping, maintaining precise speed, and easy installation, but are noisy, require lubrication, and are heavier than belts. It covers velocity ratio, factor of safety, classifications of chains, power transmission calculations, applications like hoisting and conveying, and examples of chain drives in vehicles and machinery.
This document provides information on the RCP2-BA7/BA7U ROBO Cylinder including:
1) Speed and load capacity are inversely related, with a graph showing load capacity decreases at higher speeds.
2) Configuration details including stroke, lead, motor mounting, and compatible controllers are provided.
3) Dimensions, weight, and CAD drawings vary depending on the stroke between 600-1200mm. Compatible controllers include solenoid valve, positioner, safety compliant, and program control types.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2-SS7C ROBO Cylinder. It includes details on:
1) The speed and load capacity decreases at higher speeds due to the pulse motor characteristics. A graph shows the supported speed and load capacity range.
2) Dimensions, weight, stroke lengths and maximum speeds are provided in a table.
3) Compatible controllers that can operate the cylinder are listed, including solenoid valve types and positioning controllers.
This document provides instructions for calculating the proper tension for a conveyor belt based on operating conditions and specifications. It outlines 12 key pieces of information needed, such as carrying surface, drive data, environment, loading rate and pulley diameters. It then describes calculating the effective belt tension as the sum of tensions to move the empty belt, load and lift the load. Additional tension is added to prevent slippage. The proper reinforcement ply is then selected based on flexibility, load support and impact resistance. Motor horsepower requirements and maximum tension the system can generate are also calculated.
This document describes the CT4 high-speed Cartesian robot. It has a rotational axis specification that allows changing the moving or aligning direction of a workpiece. It operates at high speeds up to 2500mm/s with acceleration of up to 3.2G. The standard cycle time is 32% less than conventional Cartesian robots. It has a large efficient 400x300mm operating range and high rigidity for easy installation.
This document provides specifications for a hydraulic crawler crane model CKE900-1F, including:
- A maximum lifting capacity of 90 metric tons at 3.4 meters for the crane boom and 10.9 metric tons at 18 meters for the fixed jib.
- The crane boom has a maximum length of 61 meters and the maximum fixed jib combination is 51.8 meters plus 18.3 meters.
- Additional details provided include engine specifications, hydraulic system components, dimensions, working ranges, and lifting capacity charts.
modern methods of railway track maintanencekrishnacp
The document discusses modern methods of track maintenance including mechanized maintenance using tamping machines, measured shovel packing, and directed track maintenance. Mechanized maintenance uses tamping machines to consolidate ballast and maintain tracks more efficiently. Measured shovel packing involves accurately measuring track defects, lifting the track, and placing measured quantities of stone chippings to level the track without blocking traffic. Directed track maintenance identifies track geometry defects using measuring devices and only rectifies defects at indicated locations to maintain tracks to standards.
This document provides information on lineshaft driven live roller conveyors. It describes the general operating principle where a drive shaft spans the length of the conveyor and transmits power to rollers. It then provides specifications for 1 3/8 inch diameter lineshaft conveyors, including dimensions, materials, speeds, load capacities and options. It also describes lineshaft driven curve and spur conveyors for turns and merges, listing available angles and dimensions.
This document describes the design of a vertical screw conveyor. It includes the selection of a JHS400 screw to transport cement vertically over 3.15 meters. A 1.4552 kW motor operating at 1425 rpm is chosen to power the conveyor. Three A-section V-belts running over pulleys with diameters of 125mm and 250mm are selected to transmit power from the motor to the screw. Gears and chains are also included in the drive mechanism with specified transmission ratios. The shaft, keys, bearings and clutch are designed. Material selections are made for the pulleys, V-belts and other components. Dimensions and specifications are provided for each designed part.
The document presents a sliding mode control algorithm and adaptive nonlinear observer for regulating wheel slip in anti-lock braking systems for commercial vehicles. Simulation results using an ADAMS vehicle model show the new control approach can achieve a stopping distance of 54 meters from 60 mph, satisfying new regulations requiring shorter stopping distances. The algorithm holds tire slip near its peak to maximize braking force, and the observer estimates brake forces using a LuGre tire friction model.
This document provides information on ground maneuvering capabilities for the MD-90-30/-30ER aircraft, including:
- Turning radii for various nose gear steering angles, with notes that actual operating data may require more conservative maneuvers.
- Visibility from the cockpit in static position, including maximum aft vision and angles.
- Recommended runway and taxiway turn paths for turns over 90 degrees, 90 degrees, and within taxiways, with notes to consult airlines on operating procedures.
- Dimensions for a runway holding bay/apron, with minimum clearance distances between aircraft.
This document provides a summary of a seminar on V-belts and drives. It discusses different types of V-belts like raw edge cogged belts, poly-V belts, space saver wedge belts and their advantages. It also covers topics like belt construction, tensioning, causes of belt failure and remedies. Standard dimensions for V-grooved pulleys are presented. The benefits of wedge belt drives over conventional V-belt drives are highlighted, including lower cost and longer belt life.
This document summarizes new and improved functions of SCON controllers for linear servo actuators. Key points include:
1) An offboard tuning function allows increasing actuator load capacity and acceleration/deceleration by automatically setting optimal gain according to the load. It provides benefits such as increasing maximum payload and speed.
2) The controllers now support many major field networks for simple, wire-saving connections to various equipment. Operations can be done by specifying positions or direct numerical values.
3) A new vibration control function suppresses vibration of workpieces attached to the actuator, shortening wait times and reducing cycle times.
The document provides specifications for the RCP2-SRGS4R ROBO Cylinder Short Rod Type with Single Guide 45mm Width, including:
1) The load capacity decreases at higher speeds due to the pulse motor characteristics, and graphs show the supported speed and load capacity.
2) Dimensions, weight, stroke lengths, ball screw specifications, and positioning repeatability are provided for the actuator.
3) Compatible controllers include solenoid valve types, positioner types, program control types, and others that operate on various input voltages and support different maximum positioning points.
Claas dominator 78 h (type 079) combine service repair manualufjjsjekkdemd
This document provides specifications for the CLAAS Dominator 106 combine harvester including technical data, dimensions, weights, settings, and capacities. It includes information on the cutterbar, threshing equipment, straw walkers, cleaning system, engines, transmission, hydraulics, electrical system, and auxiliary equipment. Dimensions and specifications are provided for operating and transport positions. Settings such as hydraulic oil pressures, tire pressures, and wheel bolt torques are also listed. The document contains detailed technical specifications for the CLAAS Dominator 106 combine harvester model.
1. The document discusses raising train speeds to 130/160 kmph on existing tracks and evaluates curves based on cant, cant deficiency, cant excess, and transition lengths.
2. It determines the maximum permissible cant and finds it can be up to 200mm to avoid overturning, considering safety factors for wind loads.
3. Cant deficiency up to 125mm and cant excess up to 75mm are deemed safe based on stability and rail stresses.
This document summarizes key concepts related to track geometrics, including track alignment, gradients, grade compensation, super-elevation, cant deficiency, transition curves, widening of gauge on curves, and points and crossings. It defines governing parameters for horizontal and vertical alignment, describes methods for compensating gradients on curves, and provides formulas and examples for calculating values like equilibrium cant, maximum permissible speed, and length of transition curves. It also covers turnout design, different cases for turnout calculations, and types of stations and station yards.
1. Railway track maintenance has traditionally relied on empirical methods but modern railways face shortages of skilled labor and resources to maintain tracks for high-speed trains.
2. The document discusses track maintenance tolerance standards specified by UIC for different speed ranges and components. It also summarizes track quality standards of different European railways.
3. Effective high-speed line maintenance requires choosing optimal track layouts, sufficient maintenance time and equipment, and regular inspections including foot patrols, recording vehicles, and ultrasonic testing to monitor track quality over time.
Alternative Approach to Permanent way Alignment DesignConstantin Ciobanu
The speaker presented a comparison between the Track
alignment design approach based on NR standards and the one based on the European Norms and the Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI), highlighting the main area where these approaches are different and touching the subject of the safety design factors embedded in the track alignment design
procedures.
The main topics:
Cant parameters definition, the origin of the 11.82 cant constant. ways of applying cant.
Track geometry recording. Quality Standard deviation. Inherent standard deviation. The advantage of using rolling SDs. Quality bands for low and high speed.
Cant over a reverse transition - the orphan rule of lifting the reversing point to improve the quality of riding.
Designing a sudden change in curvature. Virtual transition - TRK2049. The rules of the European Norm for track geometry EN 13803-1&2
The significance of transition shift.
This document discusses various aspects of rail line design including track geometry, alignment, and cant. It defines key terms like plane section, longitudinal section, horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, and cant. It describes different types of tracks like straight tracks, circular curves, and transition curves. It explains how curve radius, superelevation (cant), cant transitions, and cant deficiency impact train speed and safety. Maximum speeds are determined based on factors like curve radius, cant, lateral acceleration limits, and vehicle specifications.
The document provides specifications for Pacific Scientific T-Series NEMA 23 high torque motors, including torque ratings, phase configurations, connection options, and performance characteristics. It lists motor models, their holding torques in oz-in and N-m, phase currents, resistance, inductance, detent torque, thermal resistance, and inertia. Graphs show torque-speed curves for various motor models operated at different current levels.
Railway Engineering-Curves and superelevationMani Vel
This document discusses curves and superelevation on railways. It defines horizontal and vertical curves, and explains that superelevation involves raising the outer rail on a curve to provide a comfortable ride. Superelevation counters the effects of lateral forces when negotiating a curve. The key points are:
- Superelevation is the difference in height between the inner and outer rails and helps distribute load on both rails.
- Equilibrium speed is when the centrifugal force is balanced by the cant (superelevation), providing no unbalanced radial acceleration.
- Maximum permissible speed considers factors like radius, cant, cant deficiency/excess, and transition length.
- Examples are provided to calculate supere
The document summarizes the CT4 high-speed Cartesian robot. It has high speeds of up to 2500 mm/s and accelerations of 3.2 G. It has a compact design, high rigidity, and excellent straight line movement. An optional rotational axis can change the direction of workpieces, expanding its applications. It has a large 400x300mm operating range and can install more easily than other robot types. The robot reduces cycle times by 32% compared to conventional robots.
Reliserv solution offers protection relay testing services, including relay testing, uninterruptible power supply services, and electrical engineering services for industries. Omicron relay test kit on rent is the perfect guide to providing you with prompt services and preemptive measures.
I thank Mr. ManasKumar Behura, and Mr Jasimuddin Ahmed Site Engineer Systra, whose presentation and support helped me to develop this presentation on Ballastless and Ballasted Track for Mumbai Metro Line-4. This presentation gives a basic idea on how ballastless track and Ballasted Track works are executed showing the picture of Riyadh Metro Track Works as example.
I tried to contact Mr ManasKumar Behura , but unable to get his contact.
Thanks and Rgds
Vijay Raj. P
Sr Engineer Track
Mumbai Metro Line-4
This document presents a case study on dam gates. It discusses different types of gates classified by shape and mode of movement. It describes hoisting arrangements used to lift gates including hoists, hoist bridges, and components. It defines the problem of studying the Arunawati Dam in India and objectives of optimizing the lifting mechanism. It covers design aspects like gate and hoist capacity. It describes mechanical design considerations for wire ropes, gearing, shafts, and bearings. It concludes that components have been proportioned to withstand worst loads and stresses have been checked during design.
The document describes two high-speed actuator models, the RCS3-CT8C and RCS3-CTZ5C. The CT8C achieves maximum speeds of 2500mm/s and acceleration of 3.2G, reducing cycle times by 50% compared to existing models. The CTZ5C achieves 883mm/s and 3.2G acceleration. Both support single-axis and multi-axis controllers and can be combined for high-speed part transfer applications.
This document provides specifications for two high-speed cylinder actuators: the RCS3-CT8C and RCS3-CTZ5C. The RCS3-CT8C has a maximum speed of 2500 mm/s and acceleration of 3.2G, and can be controlled by single or multi-axis controllers. The document includes tables listing the specifications, dimensions, compatible controllers, and options for each actuator model.
Tolomatic tks & tkb electric rodless actuator brochureElectromate
The document provides information on Tolomatic's TKS and TKB electric rodless actuators. It summarizes the key features and specifications of the TKS precision screw drive actuator and TKB precision belt drive actuator. Tables compare the actuators' load capacities, bending moments, speeds and other performance specifications. The document is intended to help customers select the appropriate actuator for their application.
Torque Systems manufactures high performance brushless servo motors in the TORQUEMASTER 3000 series. These motors provide smooth operation throughout a full speed range with fast response, accurate control, and high torque-to-inertia ratios. They deliver superior low speed performance and maximum power ratings. The 3000 series motors are available in torque ratings from 12 to 34 lb-in with speeds up to 10,000 RPM and incorporate neodymium magnet technology. They are designed for reliability in demanding applications including factory automation, packaging, robotics, and medical devices.
This document discusses signal coordination for arterial roads and networks. It defines progression as coordinating signal timings so vehicles can move efficiently through a series of intersections. Key aspects of progression include offset, bandwidth, and bandwidth capacity. Offset is the difference in green start times between signals and must be optimized. Bandwidth is the amount of green time a continuous platoon can pass through without stopping. Software tools can be used to model traffic flow and optimize signal timing for both small and large road networks.
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2. Track
• Functions:
• The main function of track is to transfer train loads
to the formation and provide guide path
• Geometry:
• Each rail has 2 degrees of freedom
• Both the rails, together have 4 degrees of freedom,
define Track Geometry
• X-level (cant), and Twist
• unevenness, and alignment,
• Gauge
3. DISTRIBUTION OF STRESSES
• From Rail wheel contact stresses of the order of
10,000 Kg/cm2 to Ballast blanket contact stresses
of the order of 0.5 Kg/cm2 i.e. at the top of the
formation
• AIM – To have a formation which is able to take
repetitive load without any distress
3
6. ISSUES INVOLVED
TRACK PARAMETERS
MEASUREMENT OF TRACK FAULTS
REPRESENTATION OF TRACK FAULTS
METHODOLOGY FOR SETTING STANDARDS
LEVEL OF TOLERANCES
TRACK QUALITY INDICES
7. Why Track Tolerances ?
• Track is vital & costly asset
• Track has to be laid to desired standards & then
maintained not only for
– Good riding comfort
– Safety , but also for
– Longer life of asset.
• Quality control is essential while laying new track &
subsequently for checking effectiveness of
maintenance operations.
• In Good system the maintenance operation are need
based rather than periodic.
8. Why Track Tolerances ?
• Therefore, it is necessary to lay down the
limits of acceptable track parameters so that
whenever these parameters are reached
maintenance inputs can be planned.
• In TMS system, the role tolerances will be
predicting the deterioration of track based on
past trend of 3 or more TRC run and planning
deployment of track m/c.
• Acceptance criteria for contractual work of
track relaying.
10. Track Standards
Standard Deviation Based Tolerances
For Speed >110 < 130 Kmph.
For Speed < 110 Kmph.
Peak Based Tolerances
For Speed > 100 < 140
11. What Track Tolerances?
• New Track Tolerance
• Maintenance Tolerance
• Index Tolerance -> planned maintenance
• Service Tolerance -> urgent maintenance
• Slow Down Tolerance
• Safety Tolerance
12. New Track Tolerance
• Highest level of track geometry that can be
achieved on a new or relayed track with new
material.
• Best in terms of track quality.
• Useful for controlling quality of track renewal,
track relaying.
• Should be practically achievable.
• Nicely laid track results in lesser maintenance
inputs & longer life of track assets besides
resulting in savings in fuel consumption.
13. Maintenance Tolerances.
• Next best tolerances after new track tolerances.
• Standards to which the track should be brought after
maintenance cycle.
• Lower that new track tolerances & gap between them
increases with passage of time due wearing out of
track components.
• Theoretically depends on age of track structure, cumm
GMT carried, method of maintenance.
• Level of track quality attainable after each
maintenance cycle goes on reducing due to wear &
tear of track components with time
14. Index Tolerances.
• Tolerances at which planning for maintenance
should be undertaken.
• It takes care of delay between planning of
maintenance and actual maintenance operation.
• This ensures that service tolerances are not
exceeded.
• Fixed based on rate of deterioration and delay
that can occur in sending a machine for
maintenance.
15. Service Tolerances.
• Standards upto which track parameters may vary
in time during service.
• Limiting standards that can be permitted in track
at any time for max permissible speed to have
the min acceptable level of riding comfort.
• They always have certain safety margin from
condition of derailment or fracture of any
component of vehicle or track.
• Track should be attended as soon as these limits
are reached.
• Most imp tolerance for maintenance Engineer.
16. Slow Down Tolerances.
• If the track geometry deteriorates below
service tolerance limits, speeds will have to be
reduced to ensure min level of passenger
comfort.=slow down tolerance.
• Specifying these tolerances on high speeds is
essential so that suitable speed bands are
available on deterioration of track below
service level.
17. Safety Tolerances.
• These are limits beyond which dangerous/unsafe
conditions arise for movement of rolling stocks.
• Track geometry if maintained within tolerances for
ride comfort, will automatically ensures safety as
safety tolerances would be very slack compared
service tolerances for min ride comfort.
• Unsafe conditions not only depends on condition
of track but also on type of vehicle, their riding
characteristics & their maintenance standards.
• Not specified on IR even on world railways.
18. Safety Tolerance
Slow Down Tolerance
Service Tolerance
Maint. Tolerance
New Tr. Tolerance
Track Tolerances
Time -->
TrackQuality-->
Index Tolerance
Index Tol=Planned maintenance Tol
Service Tolerance=urgent maintenance
Tol
19. Safety Tolerance
Slow Down Tolerance
Service Tolerance
New Tr. Tolerance
Index Tolerance
TIME in Years
TRACKQUALITY
Deterioration
Maintenance
Inputs
20. Track Tolerance on I.R.
• New Track Tolerance
– Item 786 of 59th TSC;
– Para 316 of IRPWM
• Maintenance Tolerance
– Acceptance criteria (RDSO letter no. TM/HM/O dt. 28.1.93). Also , now in table
3.1 of track machine manual ) ;
– TM 115
• Index Tolerance.
– Item 785 of 59th TSC
• Service Tolerance
– C&M-1 (Rly. Bd. Letter no.71/W6/HS/1 dt. 21-10-71)
– CS No 45-Para 607(2) IRPWM for speed 100 to 140 Kmph
– Item 785 of 59th TSC.; TM 115
• Slow Down Tolerance
– For Unevenness & Twist parameter for 4-wheeler (CRT)
21. Safety Tolerance=> NO SAFETY
TOLERANCE
• Para 607(3) of IRPWM
• RAIL WHEEL interaction is a complex phenomena
• Safety Tolerances for maintenance of track alone
can not be prescribed in ISOLATION alone
• Tolerances in para 607(2) and elsewhere TO
MAINTAIN TRACK GEOMETRY FOR GOOD RIDING
COMFORT
22. The stability of trains against derailment, depends upon
several factors such as track geometry, vehicle
characteristics & state of their maintenance and speed of
the particular vehicle at relevant point of time etc. Rail wheel
interaction is thus, a complex phenomenon and therefore,
safety tolerances for track alone cannot be prescribed in
isolation. With this in view, safety tolerances for
maintenance of track, have not been prescribed on Indian
Railways. Each derailment case, therefore, needs careful
examination of all available evidence, in respect of Track,
Rolling Stock, speed and other factors considered relevant,
to arrive at the cause.
The provision and tolerances mentioned in Para 607(2) and
elsewhere in this Manual are with a view to maintain track
geometry for good riding comfort.
Correction Slip No.96 of IRPWM para 607(3)
23. (a) Gauge Sleeper to sleeper variation + 2 mm
(b) Expansion gap Over average gap worked out by recording 20 successive
gaps
+ 2 mm
(c) Joints Low joints not permitted
High joints not more than
Square-ness of joints on straight
+ 2 mm
+ 10 mm
(d) Spacing of sleepers With respect to theoretical spacing + 20 mm
(e) Cross level To be recorded on every 4th sleeper + 3 mm
(f) Alignment On straight on 10 m Chord
On curves of Radius more than 600 M. On 20 m Chord.
Variation over theoretical versine
On curves of Radius less than 600 m On 20 m Chord.
Variation over theoretical versine
+ 2 mm
+ 5 mm
+ 10 mm
(g) Longitudinal level Variation in longitudinal level with reference to approved
longitudinal sections.
+ 50 mm
Track Laying Standards as per IRPWM (Para-316)
Track Standards
24. Track Standards
Parameter Chord/ Base (M) SD value for new track (mm)
Unevenness
3.6 1.20
9.6 2.50
Twist
3.6 1.75
4.8 2.50
Alignment
7.2 1.50
9.6 2.50
Gauge - 1.00
New Track Tolerances ( equivalent to TGI=100)
Item no.786 of 59th TSC
25. Gauge on Curves – BG – New Track
(para 403 of IRPWM)
S.
No.
Radius in meters Gauge
1. Straight including curves
radius up to 350 M. and
more
of -5mm. to
+3mm.
2. For curves of radius less
than 350 M
Up to
+10mm.
26. Maintenance Tolerance (Para 3.1.4, table
3.1of IRTMM)
Acceptance criteria for Tamping of track
As per Track machine manual
Parameter <10 peaks Any peak
Alignment ±4mm ±6mm
X-Level ±6mm --
Unevenness ±6mm ±10mm
Note- (i)At least 4 stretches of 25 sleepers per
km of tamped track should be recorded
(ii) The versine and SE of curves for at least 10
stations should be recorded
27. MAINTENANCE TOLERANCES
(TM 115)
INDICES TGI Value
1. 60% CFD after tamping (to ensure quality of through
tamping) (i.e. minimum 40% of track length after tamping
should have TGI)
>=115
2. 10% CFD after tamping (i.e. minimum 90% of track length
after tamping should have TGI
>=75
30. Parameter Index Tol.
for
>105Km/h
Index Tol.
upto105Km/h
UN1 3.0 3.0
UN2 5.5 6.5
TW1 3.4 3.8
Gauge 2.9 2.9
AL1 2.8 2.8
Index Tolerance (SD Form)
Item 785 of 59th TSC
Index tolerance=Planned maintenance Tolerance
31. REVISED SD BASED INDEX
TOLERANCES (Priority-II)
Parameter Chord/
Base (M)
Up to 110 KMPH
(<105)
> 110 <=130 KMPH
(>105)
Unevenness 3.6 2.5 (3.0) 2.3 (3.0)
9.6 6.5 (6.5) 5.1 (5.5)
Twist 3.6 3.8 (3.8) 3.4 (3.4)
4.8 4.2 3.8 (3.7)
Alignment 7.2 2.7 (2.8) 2.3 (2.8)
9.6 5.0 3.3 (4.0)
Gauge - 2.5 (2.9) 1.8 (2.9)
• Figures in brackets are SD as per 59th TSC Meeting and followed till july 2007
32. Service Tolerances - CS No 45-Para 607(2)IRPWM for speed
100 Kmph to 140 Kmph
Parameters Generally
Permitted
Permitted at isolated
location
Unevenness 10mm (3.5m
chord)
15mm (3.5m chord)
Twist Straight
Transition
2mm/m
1mm/m
3.5mm/m
2.1mm/m
Alignment
(a) Straight
(b) Curve
5mm (7.5m ch.)
5 mm (av. Ver)
Total change
10mm (7.5m ch.)
7 mm (av. Ver)
<10mm(stn.to stn.)
Isolated- 10 locations in a Km
33. Service Tolerance :Gauge
Gauge as per para 224, 2(e) of IRPWM
• On straight -6mm to +6mm
• On curve with
radius 350m or more -6mm to +15mm
radius less than 350m upto +20mm
Note- Although uniform gauge over a long
stretch is desirable
34. Limitations of CS 45 Tolerance
• Not Applicable for sections having speed less
than 100 Km/h.
• Alignment parameter is restrictive ( at the time of
study alignment was recorded manually ie in floating condition)
• The chords are different from what is being
presently used. Short Chords used for UN & AL
was 3.5m & 7.5m against now being used
3.6m & 7.2m respectively.
• The C&M-1 tolerance being peak based can
have better correlation with acceleration peak
and not Ride Index
35. Service tolerances for curves
for ROC As per CS No 90-Para 421 IRPWM
Speed range Limits of station to
station variation(mm)
120 Kmph and
above
10mm or 25% of av.
Ver.
Below 120 Kmph
& upto 80 Kmph
15mm or 25% of av.
Ver.
Below 80 Kmph
& upto 50 Kmph
40mm or 25% of av.
Ver.
For realignment of curves: Local adjustments may be resorted to in cases
where the variation of versines between adjacent stations is only at few
isolated locations. If more than 20% of the stations are having versine
variation above the limits prescribed, complete realignment of the curve
should be planned within a month.
Whichever is more
Whichever is more
Whichever is more
36. Service tolerances for curves
for ROC As per CS No 136-Para 421 IRPWM
Speed range Limits of station to
station variation(mm)
Below 140 & upto
110 kmph
10mm (15mm for speed
of 110 kmph) or 20%
of av. Ver.
Below 110 & upto
50 Kmph
20mm or 20% of av.
Ver
Below 50 Kmph 40mm or 20% of av.
Ver
37. For realignment of curves:
•Local adjustments may be resorted to in
cases where the variation of versines
between adjacent stations is only at few
isolated locations.
•If more than 20% of the stations are
having versine variation above the limits
prescribed, complete realignment of the
curve should be planned within a month.
38. Service Tolerance (SD
Form)
• Item 785 of 59th TSC
Parameter
For Speed
>105Km/h
For Speed
upto105Km/h
UN (3.6m) 3.6 3.6
UN(9.6m) 6.2 7.2
TW (3.6m) 3.8 4.2
Gauge 3.6 3.6
AL(7.2m) 3.0 3.0
Service Tolerance= Urgent Maintenance tolerance
39. REVISED SD BASED SERVICE
TOLERENCES (Priority –I)
Parameter Chord/ Base
(M)
Up to 110
KMPH (<105)
> 110 <=130
KMPH (>105)
Unevenness 3.6 3.3 (3.6) 3.0 (3.6)
9.6 7.4 (7.2) 6.2 (6.2)
Twist 3.6 4.2 (4.2) 3.8 (3.8)
4.8 5.0 4.5 (4.5)
Alignment 7.2 3.8 (3.0) 3.0 (3.0)
9.6 6.3 4.0 (5.0)
Gauge - 3.6 (3.6) 2.6 (3.6)
• Based on RDSO’s report No.TM-109 circulated vide Railway Boards letter No.2007/Track-
III/TK/7 dated 12-07-2007
• Figures in brackets are SD as per 59th TSC Meeting and followed till july 2007
40. SERVICE TOLERANCES FOR THROUGH
PACKING DECISIONS (TM 115)
S.No. Indices: 60% CFD before tamping (to decide to give machine
for through tamping)
TGI Value
1. Speeds >than or equal to 110 Kmph <=90
2. Speeds less than 110 Kmph <=80
41. REVISED SD BASED TRACK STANDARDS
Parameter Chord/
Base (M)
Up to 110 KMPH
(<105 kmph)
> 110 <=130 KMPH
(>105 kmph)
Priority II Priority I Priority II Priority I
Unevenness 3.6 2.5 (3.0) 3.3 (3.6) 2.3 (3.0) 3.0 (3.6)
9.6 6.5 (6.5) 7.4 (7.2) 5.1 (5.5) 6.2 (6.2)
Twist 3.6 3.8 (3.8) 4.2 (4.2) 3.4 (3.4) 3.8 (3.8)
4.8 4.2 5.0 3.8 (3.7) 4.5 (4.5)
Alignment 7.2 2.7 (2.8) 3.8 (3.0) 2.3 (2.8) 3.0 (3.0)
9.6 5.0 6.3 3.3 (4.0) 4.0 (5.0)
Gauge - 2.5 (2.9) 3.6 (3.6) 1.8 (2.9) 2.6 (3.6)
• Based on RDSO’s report No.TM-109 circulated vide Railway Boards letter No.2007/Track-
III/TK/7 dated 12-07-2007
• Figures in brackets are SD as per 59th TSC Meeting and followed till july 2007
• For spot exceedences based limits those given in Para 607 of IRPWM to be continued
• Priority I; Urgent maintenance and Priority II is planned maintenance
42. Limitations of SD based
Tolerance
• Not available for all speed band
• Critical value is corresponding to WDM2
• Value for alignment parameter is too tight,
corrected in July 2007, after TM 109, SD for
AL1 relaxed from 3 to 3.8 for speed upto 110
kmph for priority –I (urgent maintenance).
43. CFD
• Statistical Glossary
• Cumulative Frequency Distribution:
A cumulative frequency distribution is a
summary of a set of data showing the
frequency (or number) of items less than or
equal to the upper class limit of each class.
44. What is CFD60%
• TGI values in increasing order for a SE(P. Way)’s
section
• 56,58,58,59,63,64,64,65,66,68,69,71,73,73,75,
76,78,82,85,85,86,89,91,93,94,94,95,97,99,105
CFD60%=
CFD10%=
47. RATIONALISATION OF TAMPING
REQUIREMENTS
S.No. INDICES (Speeds >than or equal to 110 Kmph < 130 Kmph) TGI Value
1. 60% CFD before tamping <=90
2. 60% CFD after tamping (i.e. minimum 40% of track length
after tamping should have TGI)
>=115
3. 10% CFD after tamping (i.e. minimum 90% of track length
after tamping should have TGI)
>=75
• Based on RDSO’s report No.TM-115 circulated vide Railway Boards letter No.2007/Track-
III/TK/7 dated 16-01-2008
S.No. INDICES (Speeds less than 110 Kmph) TGI Value
1. 60% CFD before tamping <=80
2. 60% CFD after tamping (i.e. minimum 40% of track
length after tamping should have TGI)
>=115
3. 10% CFD after tamping (i.e. minimum 90% of track
length after tamping should have TGI)
>=75
48. Slow Down Tolerance
Speed
(Km/h)
Peak Value of
Unevenness
at 3.6m chord
Peak value
of Twist at
3.6m base
75 14mm 13mm
60 16mm 15mm
45 22mm 22mm
30 24mm 25mm
15 33mm 30mm
RDSO Letter No. CRA 501 dated 29-4-83
49. Limitations for Slow Down
Tolerance
• There is no mention in the compendium or
in IRPWM.
• No cognizance by other departments.
• It should be for other stocks also. (These
are for CRTs only).
50. Transmark Tolerances
• Railway Board appointed a consultant for
suggesting track tolerances for various speed
bands (Planned, urgent and Maxm.)
• Did a lot of trials along with RDSO and
submitted final recommendations in 1998
• The recommendations have not been
accepted by Railway Board.
53. Ride Quality Correlation:
• C & M 1 Report for Introducing trains at
speeds beyond 110 Kmph(1969)
• SD Based Studies considered in 59th TSC
• Transmark U.K. Studies on IR for Higher
Speeds (1992- onward), Inertial based
Recordings to generate absolute profiles and
correlation between different parameters.
54. Ride Criterion
Correlation between Track Parameters &
Ride Parameters
Unevenness Vs Vertical Acceleration
Vs Vertical Ride Index
Vs Off-Loading & On-Loading
Alignment Vs Lateral Acceleration
Vs Lateral Ride Index
Vs Lateral Force
Twist Vs Off-Loading
56. Methodology for fixing tolerances
• All tolerances have to be laid down keeping in
view the track vehicle interaction phenomenon.
– So that high degree of correlation between track
irregularity & vehicle ride is obtained.
• Parameters for UN & AL to be arrived based on ride
index & peak acc in vertical & lateral direction.
• TW parameter is based on offloading of wheels.
• Same method was adopted while C&M-1 report
was prepared & peak based tolerances were
fixed.
57. Contd..
• For S D based system we need new track &
service tolerances .
• Actual values of SDs on selected routes taken
as samples out of which best 5% separated
out from remaining 95%.
• New track tolerances fixed as average value of
5% best track.
58. Contd..
• Index tolerances & service tolerances were
fixed for following values of Ride Index for
different rolling stock.
• Limiting RI values: items 785 of 59th TSC.
Rolling stock Service Limit Urgent
maintenance Limit
Loco 4 4.25
Wagon 4.5 4.75
COAC 3.5 3.75
59. • Fixing right tolerances of different kinds will
help field engineer to monitor the track
geometry properly.
• It will economize min cost & increase the life
cycle of the track.