The document discusses how PAGASA monitors typhoons in the Philippines. PAGASA stands for Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. It is mandated to provide warnings about natural disasters. PAGASA names typhoons and tracks their path using latitude and longitude coordinates. On average, 20 typhoons hit the Philippines each year. PAGASA provides updates on typhoon locations and strengths to help predict future movement and landfall.

2. TRACING THE PATH
OF
TYPHOONS

3. NATIONAL
TERRITORY OF THE
PHILIPPINES

5. QUESTIONS?
• What is PAGASA
• PAGASA monitors daily rainfall and temperature data together with monthly
observation of standard ·
• (PAGASA) is mandated “to provide protection against natural calamities and utilize
scientific knowledge as an effective instrument to ensure the safety, wellbeing,
and economic security of all the people, for the promotion of national progress.
• What does PAGASA stands for?
• Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA)
• How does PAGASA name a typhoon?
• PAGASA's list is a mix of male and female names, as well as gender-neutral names
like Kabayan, Tamaraw, and Zigzag. The average number of typhoons in the
Philippines is 20 per year. Each set of 25 typhoon names is usually enough for one
year

7. The threat of tropical cyclones nowadays is far
reaching. Year after year, our civilization is
affected by these howlers ranging from
hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones and storms which
belong to the family of tropical cyclones.
This wrath of nature kills hundreds or even
thousands of people, damaging many livelihood
and properties.

8. Now the question is: "How can we avoid
them?"
The answer to this is through awareness and
understanding. Without this knowledge, the
loss of lives will continue to be a risk factor in
the evolution of civilization.

9. Map of
Earth
showing
lines of
latitude
(horizontally)
and
longitude
(vertically)

10. Latitude
When looking at a map, latitude lines run
horizontally. Latitude lines are also known as
parallels since they are parallel and are an
equal distant from each other. Each degree of
latitude is approximately 69 miles(111 km)
apart; there is a variation due to the fact that
the earth is not a perfect sphere but an
oblate ellipsoid (slightly egg-shaped).

11. Latitude
To remember latitude, imagine them as the
horizontal rungs of a ladder("ladder-
tude").Degrees latitude are numbered from 0°to
90°north and south. Zero degrees is the equator,
the imaginary line which divides our planet into
the northern and southern hemispheres.
90°north is the North Pole and 90°south is the
South Pole

12. Longitude
The vertical longitude lines are also known as meridians.
They converge at the poles and are widest at the
equator (about 69 miles or 111 km apart). Zero degrees
longitude is located at Greenwich, England (0°). The
degrees continue 180°east and 180°west where they
meet and form the International Date Line in the Pacific
Ocean. Greenwich, the site of the British Royal
Greenwich Observatory, was established as the site of
the Prime Meridian by an international conference
in1884.

13. How Latitude and Longitude Work
Together
To precisely locate points on the earth's surface, degrees
longitude and latitude have been divided into minutes (')
and seconds ("). There are 60minutes in each degree. Each
minute is divided into60 seconds. Seconds can be further
divided in to tenths, hundredths, or even thousandths. For
example, the U.S. Capitol is located at 38°53'23"N
,77°00'27"W (38 degrees, 53 minutes, and 23seconds
north of the equator and 77 degrees, no minutes and 27
seconds west of the meridian passing through Greenwich,
England).

14. REVIEW ON
CARDINAL SIGNS

19. A step-by-step procedure on how to
Track Tropical Cyclones:
• Lets do some simple activity

22. • Plot the coordinates by finding out the exact square where Rosing is
located. For this activity, you need the first set of latitude and
longitude - 14.4 north and 125.9 east
• . Now, look along the borders of your tracking chart the coordinate
numbers 14 north and 125east. You must converge 14 and 125 in one
point, which will be 14.0 and 125.0.

23. 14*
125*

27. •Having located the coordinates,
your next task is to pinpoint the
precise location. Calculate14.4 and
125.9 by dividing the coordinate
box into 10 equal parts.

39. • Accurate track predictions depend on determining the position and
strength of high- and low-pressure areas, and predicting how those
areas will migrate during the life of a tropical system. Computer
forecast models are used to help determine this motion as far out as
five to seven days in the future.