Transmission Tower Design Flow Chart
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How to design transmission towers in a simple flow chart.
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transmission line installation
The document discusses factors to consider when installing transmission lines, including:
1. Choosing the best route based on possible future power demands, suitable right-of-way, and climate.
2. Considering topography, accessibility, and right-of-way costs for the most economic route.
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The document summarizes key aspects of transmission line design and components. It discusses the methodology for designing transmission lines, including gathering design data, selecting reliability levels, and calculating loads. It also covers the selection and design of various transmission line components such as conductors, insulators, towers, and grounding systems. Design considerations include voltage levels, safety clearances, mechanical requirements, and optimization of costs.
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This document discusses the process of surveying and tower spotting for transmission lines. It explains that survey is the most important first step to identify the best possible route. Detailed surveys are then conducted using tools like theodolites to precisely map the alignment, measure distances, and note important features. Tower locations are then spotted by matching the tower footing curve to the terrain based on span limitations. Modern techniques like GPS, total stations, and CAD software can also be used to efficiently conduct the surveys and produce maps, models, and schedules needed for transmission line planning and construction.
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This document discusses safety aspects of conductor installations in transmission line projects. It outlines the various stages of work involved, including insulator and aerial roller hoisting, paying out of the pilot wire and conductor, and guying. It identifies types of risks at each stage such as falls from height and electrocution. Remedial measures are provided to mitigate these risks, such as using fall arresters, safety harnesses, barricades and warning signs. Regular inspections and awareness training are emphasized to ensure conductor installations are completed safely.
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The document discusses factors to consider when installing transmission lines, including:
1. Choosing the best route based on possible future power demands, suitable right-of-way, and climate.
2. Considering topography, accessibility, and right-of-way costs for the most economic route.
3. Classifying transmission line systems as single lines, parallel lines, radial lines, ring systems, or networks.
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This document provides information about transmission towers. It begins with definitions of transmission towers and pylons. It then discusses different types of transmission towers, including those for HVAC, HVDC, and railway lines. It also covers towers for different current types. The document discusses factors that determine tower design, such as height, base width, and cross arm length. It provides formulas for calculating spacing between conductors and clearances. Finally, it briefly discusses tower erection methods.
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The document summarizes key aspects of transmission line design and components. It discusses the methodology for designing transmission lines, including gathering design data, selecting reliability levels, and calculating loads. It also covers the selection and design of various transmission line components such as conductors, insulators, towers, and grounding systems. Design considerations include voltage levels, safety clearances, mechanical requirements, and optimization of costs.
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The presentation deals with principles of protecting buildings/structures and and power systems from effects of lightning.It also deals with protecting the power systems from over voltages arising from lightning and switching.
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This document discusses the process of surveying and tower spotting for transmission lines. It explains that survey is the most important first step to identify the best possible route. Detailed surveys are then conducted using tools like theodolites to precisely map the alignment, measure distances, and note important features. Tower locations are then spotted by matching the tower footing curve to the terrain based on span limitations. Modern techniques like GPS, total stations, and CAD software can also be used to efficiently conduct the surveys and produce maps, models, and schedules needed for transmission line planning and construction.
Method statement for transmission line (lanco)
This document discusses safety aspects of conductor installations in transmission line projects. It outlines the various stages of work involved, including insulator and aerial roller hoisting, paying out of the pilot wire and conductor, and guying. It identifies types of risks at each stage such as falls from height and electrocution. Remedial measures are provided to mitigate these risks, such as using fall arresters, safety harnesses, barricades and warning signs. Regular inspections and awareness training are emphasized to ensure conductor installations are completed safely.
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In a cable a short circuit causes very extreme stresses which are proportional to the square of the current:
• A temperature rise in the conducting components subjected to current flow such as conductor, screen, metal sheath, armour. Indirectly the temperature of adjoining insulation and protective covers also increases,
• electro-magnetic forces between the current-carrying components.
The temperature rise is important for its effect on ageing, heat pressure characteristics etc., and should be limited to a permissible short-circuit temperature. The thermo-mechanical effects of the current shall also be considered.
For a given short-circuit duty therefore the short-circuit capacity of a cable installation is to be investigated with respect to all these parameters. For multi-core cables in most instances the thermal effect - related to the magnitude of fault current and clearance time - is the critical parameter, since the cable will normally have enough mechanical strength. With single-core cables however, in addition, the mechanical effect - related to the magnitude of the peak short-circuit current - is of such significance that, next to the thermal, the mechanical with- stand of both cable and its supports is to be investigated.
Also accessories must be rated with respect to thermal and mechanical short-circuit stresses.
The short-circuit withstand of a cable system is not quantitatively defined with regard to permissible number of repeated short circuits, degree of deformation or destruction or impairment quality. It is expected, however, that a cable installation will remain safe in operation and that any deformation remains within tolerable limits even after several short circuits.
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In the first experiment, various fuse sets were identified including HRC, DO, 33KV fuse sets. HRC fuses use ceramic bodies and powder fillings to reduce arcs. DO fuses use fiberglass tubes and have lower melting points. Horn gap fuses are outdoor mounted for transformers.
The second experiment measured fuse wire gauges using an SWG table to determine current ratings. Fuse wires of various gauges were measured and their current ratings according to standards were recorded.
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The document mentions the following with tentative quantities:
1. List of 17 nos. of main equipment
2. List of 15 nos. of miscellaneous equipment
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4. List of 8 nos. of lattice type equipment
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design of tower
1. Tower configuration is determined by factors like insulator length, required clearances, location of ground wires, and mid-span clearance.
2. Tower height is calculated based on minimum ground clearance, maximum conductor sag, vertical spacing between conductors, and clearance between ground wire and top conductor.
3. Other factors that influence tower design include wind pressure, temperature variations, and different types of loads on the tower from reliability, security, and safety requirements.
Transmisiion line design concept
The United Arab Emirates has a power production capacity of 18.74 GW but lacks capacity during peak seasonal times due to increasing demand. It also lacks natural gas resources. The Gulf Cooperation Council began developing a regional power grid to help meet demand. Phase 3 of this grid will connect the southern system of the UAE. The UAE also plans to build 4 nuclear reactors to generate additional power. Electric power is transmitted through overhead transmission lines suspended by steel lattice towers for long distances. The document discusses the anatomy of transmission towers and the different types, configurations, and design considerations for efficient power transmission.
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This document provides information on the classification, dimensions, and erection of transmission line towers. It classifies towers based on the number of circuits and angle of deviation. It provides the dimensions of different types of towers for various voltages. It describes tower erection methods including the use of templates, probes, and cranes. It discusses tower accessories, insulators, conductor types, hardware, and stringing methods. Safety practices for tower erection and stringing are also outlined.
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This workshop looks at these issues from a fresh yet practical perspective and enables you to reduce expensive down time on your plant and equipment by the correct application of these principles. Essentially the workshop is broken down into the methods used to prevent lightning entering a facility such as dissipation arrays and those that divert surge energy away from sensitive equipment.
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MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/lightning-surge-protection-earthing-electrical-electronic-systems-industrial-networks-13?id=6987
Load list calculation
This is one of the method to calculate loads. It is basiclly important before starting design to measure cabel size and orther electrical equipment.
Electrical grounding and earthing
The document presents information on earthing systems. It discusses the functions of earthing, which include providing a path for fault currents and protection from electric shock. It describes various methods of earthing, including plate earthing, pipe earthing, and rod earthing. It also discusses different types of earthing systems and applications of earthing in electrical systems. In conclusion, it emphasizes the importance of proper grounding and earthing in electrical engineering for safety and protection of electrical equipment.
Construction EHV Transmission Line
Complete details of EHV Transmission Line. Consolidated this presentation from those experts who had contributed separately on slider share and other web pages.Thanks for their valuable inputs.
Cable sizing to withstand short circuit current
In a cable a short circuit causes very extreme stresses which are proportional to the square of the current:
• A temperature rise in the conducting components subjected to current flow such as conductor, screen, metal sheath, armour. Indirectly the temperature of adjoining insulation and protective covers also increases,
• electro-magnetic forces between the current-carrying components.
The temperature rise is important for its effect on ageing, heat pressure characteristics etc., and should be limited to a permissible short-circuit temperature. The thermo-mechanical effects of the current shall also be considered.
For a given short-circuit duty therefore the short-circuit capacity of a cable installation is to be investigated with respect to all these parameters. For multi-core cables in most instances the thermal effect - related to the magnitude of fault current and clearance time - is the critical parameter, since the cable will normally have enough mechanical strength. With single-core cables however, in addition, the mechanical effect - related to the magnitude of the peak short-circuit current - is of such significance that, next to the thermal, the mechanical with- stand of both cable and its supports is to be investigated.
Also accessories must be rated with respect to thermal and mechanical short-circuit stresses.
The short-circuit withstand of a cable system is not quantitatively defined with regard to permissible number of repeated short circuits, degree of deformation or destruction or impairment quality. It is expected, however, that a cable installation will remain safe in operation and that any deformation remains within tolerable limits even after several short circuits.
Homer Pro - An introduction
HOMER is a free software application developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in the United States. This software application is used to design and evaluate technically and financially the options for off-grid and on-grid power systems for remote, stand-alone and distributed generation applications.
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Dear All,
Here i glad to introduced with a basics of Design Electrical which is helpfull to understand the concept of electrical.
I hope you like these concept & prefered the same.
Thanks& Regards,
Pankaj V. Chavan
( 95615 73214 )
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Optical ground wire are used in transmission line to serves as ground wire as well as communication medium
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The document provides information on different types of welding processes including butt welding, spot welding, carbon arc welding, and metal arc welding. It also discusses induction furnaces, resistance heating, temperature control of resistance furnaces, and heat losses in furnaces. Some key points:
1) Butt welding involves clamping two metal pieces face to face and passing a current through electrodes to melt and fuse the metals. Spot welding uses electrodes to fuse sheet metals.
2) Carbon arc welding uses a carbon electrode to produce an arc for welding. Metal arc welding uses a consumable electrode to produce heat for welding via an electric arc.
3) An induction furnace uses electromagnetic induction to heat a metal charge. The
Switchgear and protection - lab
The document summarizes the results of two experiments conducted to identify various types of fuse sets and measure fuse wire sizes.
In the first experiment, various fuse sets were identified including HRC, DO, 33KV fuse sets. HRC fuses use ceramic bodies and powder fillings to reduce arcs. DO fuses use fiberglass tubes and have lower melting points. Horn gap fuses are outdoor mounted for transformers.
The second experiment measured fuse wire gauges using an SWG table to determine current ratings. Fuse wires of various gauges were measured and their current ratings according to standards were recorded.
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This document summarizes a seminar presentation on transmission line maintenance techniques in India. It provides an overview of extra high voltage alternating current (EHVAC) transmission line maintenance in India, including methods such as predictive maintenance using thermography and insulator testing, as well as preventive maintenance techniques including cold line maintenance (with the line de-energized) and live line maintenance (with the line energized). It describes some of the specific maintenance works that can be done using live line techniques, and discusses the advantages of live line maintenance.
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The document mentions the following with tentative quantities:
1. List of 17 nos. of main equipment
2. List of 15 nos. of miscellaneous equipment
3. List of 16 nos. of civil works required
4. List of 8 nos. of lattice type equipment
5. List of 11 nos. of foundations required
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3. Other factors that influence tower design include wind pressure, temperature variations, and different types of loads on the tower from reliability, security, and safety requirements.
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Abstract Towers and tower like structures are the major infrastructure for the transmission of electrical power, telecommunication and broadcasting. The transmission towers are highly repetitive and therefore the analysis and designs should be highly competitive towards commercial solutions. In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyse the existing Electrical Transmission tower of voltage 220kV using FEM software NISA. The analysis of an existing structure without secondary bracings has been carried out for the North-South Component of EL-Centro Ground motion, 1940.In this analysis, the stiffness and damping properties have been considered for improving the seismic performance of the existing structure. By keeping the Group number as it is, using different sections, the geometric properties of the given angle section are optimized to optimized angle section and optimized tubular section. For cross braces, the damping value is varied ranging from 5%-25% for above sections. In this analysis, the displacement at top cross-arm of the tower is considered as the main parameter for conservative results. Finally the results obtained are regarding possible improvements in the analysis of the existing structure
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Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
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Data Driven Maintenance | UReason Webinar
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptx
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION for seminar ppt.pdf
BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION
AND CLASSIFICATION USING
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering PROJECT REPORT ON SUMMER VOCATIONAL TRAINING
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