This document proposes analytical models to analyze the performance of the IEEE 802.11 protocol under unsaturated traffic conditions in multi-hop wireless networks. It presents a two-dimensional Markov chain model to describe the behavior of IEEE 802.11 under different offered traffic loads, showing the effect of load on transmission probability. It also proposes a three-dimensional model to describe multi-hop 802.11 networks, modeling not only data sources but also relay stations forwarding traffic. The models are validated through ns-2 simulations with different network configurations for metrics like throughput, delay, queue length, and energy consumption.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design Test-bed for assessing load utilising using Multicast Forwarding Appro...IOSR Journals
This document describes a study that developed a test bed to evaluate load and battery lifetime in wireless mesh networks using a multicast forwarding approach. The test bed used the AODV routing protocol and implemented layer 3 acknowledgments and retransmissions. Results found that the network supported data delivery with acknowledgments even under full load. Battery lifetime across mesh nodes was measured between 19-100% and load was minimum compared to previous work, demonstrating the effectiveness of the multicast forwarding approach. Future work could enhance security and implement cross-layer support between network and MAC layers.
Osc mac duty cycle with multi helpers ct mode wi-lem technology in wireless s...ijwmn
Recently, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) grow to be one of the dominant technology trends; new needs
are continuously emerging and demanding more complex constraints in a duty cycle, such as extend the life
time communication . The MAC layer plays a crucial role in these networks; it controls the communication
module and manages the medium sharing. In this work we use OSC-MAC tackles combining with the
performance of cooperative transmission (CT) in multi-hop WSN and the Wi-Lem technology
This document discusses two schemes for implementing multirate transmission in fiber-optic code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks: the parallel scheme and the serial mapping scheme. The parallel scheme assigns each user multiple addresses based on their data rate and encodes bits in parallel. The serial mapping scheme encodes bits serially using optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) constructed from frequency hop codes. Analysis shows the parallel scheme can support error correction coding to increase network capacity, while the serial mapping performs well even without coding. Both schemes allow accommodating high numbers of multirate users without increasing optical processing complexity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
The document discusses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) in clustered wireless networks. It proposes a solution to optimize TDMA scheduling that can achieve high power efficiency, zero conflict, and reduced end-to-end delay. A cross-layer optimization model is developed to minimize energy consumption and derive optimal flows on each link. Then an algorithm is presented to obtain TDMA schedules with the minimum frame length based on the optimal flows, guaranteeing minimum delay. Numerical results show the proposed approach significantly reduces energy consumption and delay compared to existing solutions.
Performance analysis and evaluation of IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination f...journalBEEI
This paper discusses the distributed coordination function (DCF) access mechanism which is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme. Simulation projects for different DCF performance parameters have been built using the OPNET network simulator. The projects are mainly basic service set (BSS) topology simulated under different parameter values (data rate, fragmentation, RTS/CTS, number of nodes, and load condition). Simulation results show when the DCF access mechanism is better under what load condition, and how to choose the best fragmentation threshold and other access-mechanism specific parameters according to the network conditions. Simulation results were validated against a theoretically calculated maximum throughput (the simulation maximum throughput was about 70% of the theoretically calculated maximum throughput).
This paper discusses constructing optimal frequency hopping sequences for use in TDMA-FDMA cellular systems operating in fading channels. It reviews conditions for frequency and time channels to fade independently based on coherence time and bandwidth. The paper presents an algebraic construction of frequency hopping sequences based on linear congruences that guarantees sufficient channel separation to achieve maximum frequency diversity. Examples applicable to the GSM system are provided.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design Test-bed for assessing load utilising using Multicast Forwarding Appro...IOSR Journals
This document describes a study that developed a test bed to evaluate load and battery lifetime in wireless mesh networks using a multicast forwarding approach. The test bed used the AODV routing protocol and implemented layer 3 acknowledgments and retransmissions. Results found that the network supported data delivery with acknowledgments even under full load. Battery lifetime across mesh nodes was measured between 19-100% and load was minimum compared to previous work, demonstrating the effectiveness of the multicast forwarding approach. Future work could enhance security and implement cross-layer support between network and MAC layers.
Osc mac duty cycle with multi helpers ct mode wi-lem technology in wireless s...ijwmn
Recently, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) grow to be one of the dominant technology trends; new needs
are continuously emerging and demanding more complex constraints in a duty cycle, such as extend the life
time communication . The MAC layer plays a crucial role in these networks; it controls the communication
module and manages the medium sharing. In this work we use OSC-MAC tackles combining with the
performance of cooperative transmission (CT) in multi-hop WSN and the Wi-Lem technology
This document discusses two schemes for implementing multirate transmission in fiber-optic code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks: the parallel scheme and the serial mapping scheme. The parallel scheme assigns each user multiple addresses based on their data rate and encodes bits in parallel. The serial mapping scheme encodes bits serially using optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) constructed from frequency hop codes. Analysis shows the parallel scheme can support error correction coding to increase network capacity, while the serial mapping performs well even without coding. Both schemes allow accommodating high numbers of multirate users without increasing optical processing complexity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
The document discusses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) in clustered wireless networks. It proposes a solution to optimize TDMA scheduling that can achieve high power efficiency, zero conflict, and reduced end-to-end delay. A cross-layer optimization model is developed to minimize energy consumption and derive optimal flows on each link. Then an algorithm is presented to obtain TDMA schedules with the minimum frame length based on the optimal flows, guaranteeing minimum delay. Numerical results show the proposed approach significantly reduces energy consumption and delay compared to existing solutions.
Performance analysis and evaluation of IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination f...journalBEEI
This paper discusses the distributed coordination function (DCF) access mechanism which is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme. Simulation projects for different DCF performance parameters have been built using the OPNET network simulator. The projects are mainly basic service set (BSS) topology simulated under different parameter values (data rate, fragmentation, RTS/CTS, number of nodes, and load condition). Simulation results show when the DCF access mechanism is better under what load condition, and how to choose the best fragmentation threshold and other access-mechanism specific parameters according to the network conditions. Simulation results were validated against a theoretically calculated maximum throughput (the simulation maximum throughput was about 70% of the theoretically calculated maximum throughput).
This paper discusses constructing optimal frequency hopping sequences for use in TDMA-FDMA cellular systems operating in fading channels. It reviews conditions for frequency and time channels to fade independently based on coherence time and bandwidth. The paper presents an algebraic construction of frequency hopping sequences based on linear congruences that guarantees sufficient channel separation to achieve maximum frequency diversity. Examples applicable to the GSM system are provided.
Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Using Network Coding Based Multipath...IJERA Editor
Network Coding is most promising aspect of WSN. This Network Coding method is combined with multipath routing protocol to form NCMR protocol.(network coding based multipath routing protocol).This protocol is used to obtain energy efficient wireless sensor network.. These protocol leads to decrease the number of constrain routes & the total time of transmission. This protocol is applied on unicast and multicast network separately. And comparison is done with traditional multipath routing protocol for same unicast and multicast network. Simulation result shows energy consumption of NCMR multicast is lower than NCMR unicast and also than TMR unicast as well as multicast. This work is proved by the simulation analysis results. The used multipath model is based on braided multipath routing, and the network coding method is random linear network coding (practical network coding). In braided network multiple paths to the sink nodes are created for each source node, and the packets encoded at source nodes are transmitted through the braided multipath network model. Then, intermediate nodes re-encode these received packets and transfer these new packets to next cluster. Finally, the multiple sink nodes decode the packets received from different paths and recover the original data. Results of the analysis show that multicast NCMR provides more reliability. We compare multicast NCMR routing protocol with NCMR unicast & also with traditional multipath routing protocol for unicast and multicast networks, in terms of the packet loss, energy consumption, successful delivery ratio & end to end delay when a packet is transmitted Some special simulations are carried out specially for NCMR multicast i.e. effect of number of nodes on energy consumption, packet loss & end to end delay.
WARM WELCOME FROM HCL VELACHERY…….
HCL Learning is part of HCL Info Systems Ltd, India’s Premier information enabling company with an annual turnover of 15000 crores Leveraging on the 34 years of industry experience of HCL, with an objective to develop quality IT professionals to meet this ever expanding requirement of Hardware Networking and Software professionals for the IT sector, HCL has launched HCL Career Development Centre.
For any clarification,
contact Person
Mr.Senthilvel.S
9382207007
HCL Velachery -42
This document outlines a study on implementing a hybrid routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It discusses the problems with purely proactive or reactive routing protocols and the motivation for a hybrid approach. The document outlines the objectives to implement OLSR and AODV protocols, design a framework to allow them to work together, and test their performance. Preliminary results show the individual protocols working correctly in simulation. The future work involves combining the protocols in the framework and further evaluating the hybrid protocol's performance and efficiency.
Multistage interconnection networks (MIN) are among the most efficient switching architectures for the number of switching Element (SE). Optical crosstalk in optical multistage interconnection network on the omega network topology Switches are arranged in multiple stages. These switches also referred to as switching element (SEs) have two input and two output ports, interconnected to the neighboring stages in a shuffle exchange connected pattern message routing in such a network is determined by the interstate connection pattern.
Optical Multistage interconnection networks (OMIN) are advanced version of MINs. The main Problem with OMIN is crosstalk. The main purpose of this paper is to Present crosstalk free modified omega network, which is based on time domain approach. This paper presents the source and destination based Algorithm (SDBA) .SDBA does the scheduling for source and their respective destination addresses for the message routing. SDBA is compared with the crosstalk modified omega network (CFMON).CFMON also Minimizes the crosstalk. This paper is the modified form of the omega network.
Effective Path Identification Protocol for Wireless Mesh NetworksIDES Editor
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as
a key technology for next-generation wireless networking.
Routing is a key factor for transfer of packets from source to
destination. SrcRR is widely used protocol for transferring
packets from source to destination. This protocol often uses
Dijkstra’s algorithm on its link state database to find the next
alternative path to the destination when ever the ETX metric
of the link changes.This is a time consuming process if the
ETX metric of the links are changing frequently. So this paper
eliminates the use of Dijkistra’s algorithm and uses the a
search operation for finding the best paths.
The document reports on an experimental study of the hidden node problem in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. The experiments show that:
1) Transmission ranges and carrier sensing ranges differ from NS2 simulator defaults, dropping more gradually with distance.
2) Using RTS/CTS does not solve the hidden node problem and reduces throughput due to overhead.
3) "Re-routing instability" seen in simulations occurs in real networks, degrading throughput.
4) There is an "optimal offered load" that maximizes end-to-end throughput in multi-hop flows.
A bi scheduler algorithm for frame aggregation in ieee 802.11 nijwmn
The document proposes a Bi-Scheduler algorithm to improve throughput in IEEE 802.11n wireless networks using frame aggregation. The algorithm separates frames into different queues based on access category. Delay sensitive frames like voice are directly queued without aggregation. Other frames are aggregated using A-MSDU or A-MPDU based on their characteristics to efficiently transmit frames while meeting their quality of service requirements. The algorithm aims to optimize frame aggregation to improve throughput while maintaining fairness for different traffic types.
MULTIUSER BER ANALYSIS OF CS-QCSK MODULATION SCHEME IN A CELLULAR SYSTEM ijwmn
In recent years, chaotic communication is a hot research topic and it suits better for the emerging wireless networks because of its excellent features. Different chaos based modulation schemes have evolved, of which the CS-DCSK modulation technique provides better BER performance and bandwidth
efficiency, due to its code domain approach. The QCSK modulation technique provides double benefit: higher data rate with similar BER performance and same bandwidth occupation as DCSK. By combining the advantage of code shifted differential chaos shift keying (CS-DCSK) and Quadrature chaos shift keying (QCSK) scheme, a novel modulation scheme called code shifted Quadrature chaos shift keying (CS-QCSK) is proposed and its suitability in a multiuser scenario is tested in this paper. The analytical expressions for the bit-error rate for Multi-user CS-QCSK scheme (MU-CS-QCSK) under Rayleigh
multipath fading channel is derived. The simulation result shows that, in multiuser scenario the proposed method outperforms classical chaotic modulation schemes in terms of bit error rate (BER).
This document proposes a physical-layer network coding (PNC) scheme to improve throughput in wireless networks. PNC takes advantage of the broadcast nature of wireless transmissions by allowing signals from multiple nodes to be combined at the physical layer through modulation and demodulation. It demonstrates PNC for a three-node wireless linear network. With PNC, the three nodes can exchange information in two time slots, improving throughput by 100% over traditional scheduling and 50% over straightforward network coding. PNC mapping provides a way to perform network coding operations on electromagnetic signals directly at the physical layer by mapping their combination to binary additions.
A NOVEL CHAOS BASED MODULATION SCHEME (CS-QCSK) WITH IMPROVED BER PERFORMANCEcscpconf
In recent years, various chaos based modulation schemes were evolved, of which the CS-DCSK
modulation technique provides better BER performance and bandwidth efficiency, due to its
code domain approach. The QCSK modulation technique provides double benefit: higher data
rate with similar BER performance and same bandwidth occupation as DCSK. By combining
the advantage of code shifted differential chaos shift keying (CS-DCSK) and Quadrature chaos
shift keying (QCSK) scheme, a novel CS-QCSK modulation scheme called code shifted
Quadrature chaos shift keying is proposed. The noise performance of CS-QCSK is better to
most conventional modulation schemes and also provides an increased data transmission rates
with greatly improved robustness. Analytical expressions for the bit-error rates are derived for
both AWGN channel and Rayleigh multipath fading channel. The simulation result shows that
the proposed method outperforms classical chaotic modulation schemes in terms of bit error rate (BER).
Enabling relay selection in non-orthogonal multiple access networks: direct a...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, we consider downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in which the relay selection (RS) scheme is enabled for cooperative networks. In particular, we investigate impact of the number of relays on system performance in term of outage probability. The main factors affecting on cooperative NOMA performance are fixed power allocations coefficients and the number of relay. This paper also indicate performance gap of the outage probabilities among two users the context of NOMA. To exhibit the exactness of derived formula, we match related results between simulation and analytical methods. Numerical results confirms that cooperative NOMA networks benefit from increasing the number of relay.
The network layer is concerned with routing packets from the source to the destination across multiple networks. It must understand the topology of connected networks and choose optimal paths while avoiding overloading some lines. The network layer provides either connection-oriented or connectionless services to the transport layer and deals with differences when sources and destinations are in different networks. Dynamic routing algorithms like distance vector routing are used to adaptively route packets based on current network conditions.
In order enhance the network efficiency of Mobile ad hoc Networks (MANETs), an Power Unbiased Cooperative Media Access Control(PUC-MAC) protocol in MANETs was planned during this paper. It adopted the most effective partnership choice statement to select the cooperative node with higher channel condition, higher passing rate and additional balanced power consumption. Simulation results showed that PUC-MAC outperforms EC-MAC,Cooperative MAC (CoopMAC) and IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination perform (DCF) in terms of the packet release quantitative relation, network outturn and network lifespan beneath 2 distinct channel noise levels, particularly beneath the worst channel condition.
Distributed Spatial Modulation based Cooperative Diversity Schemeijwmn
: In this paper, a distributed spatial modulation based cooperative diversity scheme for relay
wireless networks is proposed. Where, the space-time block code is exploited to integrate with distributed
spatial modulation. Therefore, the interested transmission scheme achieves high diversity gain. By using
Monte-Carlo simulation based on computer, we showed that our proposed transmission scheme outperforms
state-of-the-art cooperative relaying schemes in terms bit error rate (BER) performance.
The document discusses different types of switched networks, including circuit-switched networks, datagram networks, and virtual-circuit networks. It provides examples of how each type can be used to connect computers and telephones. The document also describes the structures of switches used in these different network types, including crossbar switches, multistage switches, time-slot interchange switches, and banyan switches. Key aspects like resource reservation, routing tables, and addressing are compared between the different network approaches.
Switching Concept in Networking
Definition with Concept
Advantages & Disadvantages
Types
Circuit Switching
Packet Switching
Datagram Switching
Virtual Packet Switching
Message Switching
All Diagram with Features
References : DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING – BEHROUZ A FOROUZAN
This document reviews Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures that prioritize selected data streams to reduce communication latency. It categorizes the architectures based on the effect of prioritization (per end-to-end connection, per router, or per path segment) and discusses their pros and cons. Architectures that prioritize at the core-to-core level provide the highest latency reduction by bypassing the NoC, while those prioritizing per router or path segment require redetermining priority at each hop.
This document proposes an improved position-based power aware routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc networks. It introduces using a weighted metric of remaining battery power, speed, and distance of nodes to determine routes. The existing MFR (Most Forward within Radius) algorithm does not consider factors like battery power and speed differences, which can lead to unreliable communication or packet loss. The proposed algorithm uses a weighted combination of distance, velocity, and battery power metrics to select routes, aiming to balance load, increase network lifetime, and improve network performance compared to MFR. Simulation results showed the proposed algorithm reduces packet loss and increases throughput compared to MFR.
Haqr the hierarchical ant based qos aware on demand routing for manetscsandit
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile devices with no pre
existing infrastructure or centralized control. Supporting QoS during routing is a very
challenging task. Clustering is an effective method for resource management regarding network
performance, routing protocol design, QoS etc. In real time various types of nodes with different
computing and transmission power, different rolls and different mobility pattern may exist.
Hierarchical routing provides routing through this kind of heterogeneous nodes. In this paper,
HAQR, a novel ant based QoS aware routing is proposed on a three level hierarchical cluster
based topology in MANET which will be more scalable and efficient compared to flat
architecture and will give better throughput.
Energy efficient protocol for deterministicambitlick
The document describes a new probabilistic coverage protocol (PCP) for sensor networks that can employ both deterministic and probabilistic sensing models. PCP works by activating sensors to construct an approximate triangular lattice over the monitored area. It is more energy efficient than previous protocols by reducing the number of activated sensors needed for coverage. Simulation results show PCP outperforms other protocols in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime while maintaining coverage under various conditions.
The document is a software requirements specification for a system to perform record matching over query results from multiple web databases. It describes the purpose, conventions, intended users, product scope, and references. It provides an overall description of the product perspective and functions, describes user classes and characteristics, operating environment, design constraints, and documentation. It outlines external interface requirements including user interfaces, hardware/software interfaces, and communications interfaces. It details system features and other non-functional requirements around performance, safety, security, quality, and business rules.
Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Using Network Coding Based Multipath...IJERA Editor
Network Coding is most promising aspect of WSN. This Network Coding method is combined with multipath routing protocol to form NCMR protocol.(network coding based multipath routing protocol).This protocol is used to obtain energy efficient wireless sensor network.. These protocol leads to decrease the number of constrain routes & the total time of transmission. This protocol is applied on unicast and multicast network separately. And comparison is done with traditional multipath routing protocol for same unicast and multicast network. Simulation result shows energy consumption of NCMR multicast is lower than NCMR unicast and also than TMR unicast as well as multicast. This work is proved by the simulation analysis results. The used multipath model is based on braided multipath routing, and the network coding method is random linear network coding (practical network coding). In braided network multiple paths to the sink nodes are created for each source node, and the packets encoded at source nodes are transmitted through the braided multipath network model. Then, intermediate nodes re-encode these received packets and transfer these new packets to next cluster. Finally, the multiple sink nodes decode the packets received from different paths and recover the original data. Results of the analysis show that multicast NCMR provides more reliability. We compare multicast NCMR routing protocol with NCMR unicast & also with traditional multipath routing protocol for unicast and multicast networks, in terms of the packet loss, energy consumption, successful delivery ratio & end to end delay when a packet is transmitted Some special simulations are carried out specially for NCMR multicast i.e. effect of number of nodes on energy consumption, packet loss & end to end delay.
WARM WELCOME FROM HCL VELACHERY…….
HCL Learning is part of HCL Info Systems Ltd, India’s Premier information enabling company with an annual turnover of 15000 crores Leveraging on the 34 years of industry experience of HCL, with an objective to develop quality IT professionals to meet this ever expanding requirement of Hardware Networking and Software professionals for the IT sector, HCL has launched HCL Career Development Centre.
For any clarification,
contact Person
Mr.Senthilvel.S
9382207007
HCL Velachery -42
This document outlines a study on implementing a hybrid routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It discusses the problems with purely proactive or reactive routing protocols and the motivation for a hybrid approach. The document outlines the objectives to implement OLSR and AODV protocols, design a framework to allow them to work together, and test their performance. Preliminary results show the individual protocols working correctly in simulation. The future work involves combining the protocols in the framework and further evaluating the hybrid protocol's performance and efficiency.
Multistage interconnection networks (MIN) are among the most efficient switching architectures for the number of switching Element (SE). Optical crosstalk in optical multistage interconnection network on the omega network topology Switches are arranged in multiple stages. These switches also referred to as switching element (SEs) have two input and two output ports, interconnected to the neighboring stages in a shuffle exchange connected pattern message routing in such a network is determined by the interstate connection pattern.
Optical Multistage interconnection networks (OMIN) are advanced version of MINs. The main Problem with OMIN is crosstalk. The main purpose of this paper is to Present crosstalk free modified omega network, which is based on time domain approach. This paper presents the source and destination based Algorithm (SDBA) .SDBA does the scheduling for source and their respective destination addresses for the message routing. SDBA is compared with the crosstalk modified omega network (CFMON).CFMON also Minimizes the crosstalk. This paper is the modified form of the omega network.
Effective Path Identification Protocol for Wireless Mesh NetworksIDES Editor
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as
a key technology for next-generation wireless networking.
Routing is a key factor for transfer of packets from source to
destination. SrcRR is widely used protocol for transferring
packets from source to destination. This protocol often uses
Dijkstra’s algorithm on its link state database to find the next
alternative path to the destination when ever the ETX metric
of the link changes.This is a time consuming process if the
ETX metric of the links are changing frequently. So this paper
eliminates the use of Dijkistra’s algorithm and uses the a
search operation for finding the best paths.
The document reports on an experimental study of the hidden node problem in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. The experiments show that:
1) Transmission ranges and carrier sensing ranges differ from NS2 simulator defaults, dropping more gradually with distance.
2) Using RTS/CTS does not solve the hidden node problem and reduces throughput due to overhead.
3) "Re-routing instability" seen in simulations occurs in real networks, degrading throughput.
4) There is an "optimal offered load" that maximizes end-to-end throughput in multi-hop flows.
A bi scheduler algorithm for frame aggregation in ieee 802.11 nijwmn
The document proposes a Bi-Scheduler algorithm to improve throughput in IEEE 802.11n wireless networks using frame aggregation. The algorithm separates frames into different queues based on access category. Delay sensitive frames like voice are directly queued without aggregation. Other frames are aggregated using A-MSDU or A-MPDU based on their characteristics to efficiently transmit frames while meeting their quality of service requirements. The algorithm aims to optimize frame aggregation to improve throughput while maintaining fairness for different traffic types.
MULTIUSER BER ANALYSIS OF CS-QCSK MODULATION SCHEME IN A CELLULAR SYSTEM ijwmn
In recent years, chaotic communication is a hot research topic and it suits better for the emerging wireless networks because of its excellent features. Different chaos based modulation schemes have evolved, of which the CS-DCSK modulation technique provides better BER performance and bandwidth
efficiency, due to its code domain approach. The QCSK modulation technique provides double benefit: higher data rate with similar BER performance and same bandwidth occupation as DCSK. By combining the advantage of code shifted differential chaos shift keying (CS-DCSK) and Quadrature chaos shift keying (QCSK) scheme, a novel modulation scheme called code shifted Quadrature chaos shift keying (CS-QCSK) is proposed and its suitability in a multiuser scenario is tested in this paper. The analytical expressions for the bit-error rate for Multi-user CS-QCSK scheme (MU-CS-QCSK) under Rayleigh
multipath fading channel is derived. The simulation result shows that, in multiuser scenario the proposed method outperforms classical chaotic modulation schemes in terms of bit error rate (BER).
This document proposes a physical-layer network coding (PNC) scheme to improve throughput in wireless networks. PNC takes advantage of the broadcast nature of wireless transmissions by allowing signals from multiple nodes to be combined at the physical layer through modulation and demodulation. It demonstrates PNC for a three-node wireless linear network. With PNC, the three nodes can exchange information in two time slots, improving throughput by 100% over traditional scheduling and 50% over straightforward network coding. PNC mapping provides a way to perform network coding operations on electromagnetic signals directly at the physical layer by mapping their combination to binary additions.
A NOVEL CHAOS BASED MODULATION SCHEME (CS-QCSK) WITH IMPROVED BER PERFORMANCEcscpconf
In recent years, various chaos based modulation schemes were evolved, of which the CS-DCSK
modulation technique provides better BER performance and bandwidth efficiency, due to its
code domain approach. The QCSK modulation technique provides double benefit: higher data
rate with similar BER performance and same bandwidth occupation as DCSK. By combining
the advantage of code shifted differential chaos shift keying (CS-DCSK) and Quadrature chaos
shift keying (QCSK) scheme, a novel CS-QCSK modulation scheme called code shifted
Quadrature chaos shift keying is proposed. The noise performance of CS-QCSK is better to
most conventional modulation schemes and also provides an increased data transmission rates
with greatly improved robustness. Analytical expressions for the bit-error rates are derived for
both AWGN channel and Rayleigh multipath fading channel. The simulation result shows that
the proposed method outperforms classical chaotic modulation schemes in terms of bit error rate (BER).
Enabling relay selection in non-orthogonal multiple access networks: direct a...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, we consider downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in which the relay selection (RS) scheme is enabled for cooperative networks. In particular, we investigate impact of the number of relays on system performance in term of outage probability. The main factors affecting on cooperative NOMA performance are fixed power allocations coefficients and the number of relay. This paper also indicate performance gap of the outage probabilities among two users the context of NOMA. To exhibit the exactness of derived formula, we match related results between simulation and analytical methods. Numerical results confirms that cooperative NOMA networks benefit from increasing the number of relay.
The network layer is concerned with routing packets from the source to the destination across multiple networks. It must understand the topology of connected networks and choose optimal paths while avoiding overloading some lines. The network layer provides either connection-oriented or connectionless services to the transport layer and deals with differences when sources and destinations are in different networks. Dynamic routing algorithms like distance vector routing are used to adaptively route packets based on current network conditions.
In order enhance the network efficiency of Mobile ad hoc Networks (MANETs), an Power Unbiased Cooperative Media Access Control(PUC-MAC) protocol in MANETs was planned during this paper. It adopted the most effective partnership choice statement to select the cooperative node with higher channel condition, higher passing rate and additional balanced power consumption. Simulation results showed that PUC-MAC outperforms EC-MAC,Cooperative MAC (CoopMAC) and IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination perform (DCF) in terms of the packet release quantitative relation, network outturn and network lifespan beneath 2 distinct channel noise levels, particularly beneath the worst channel condition.
Distributed Spatial Modulation based Cooperative Diversity Schemeijwmn
: In this paper, a distributed spatial modulation based cooperative diversity scheme for relay
wireless networks is proposed. Where, the space-time block code is exploited to integrate with distributed
spatial modulation. Therefore, the interested transmission scheme achieves high diversity gain. By using
Monte-Carlo simulation based on computer, we showed that our proposed transmission scheme outperforms
state-of-the-art cooperative relaying schemes in terms bit error rate (BER) performance.
The document discusses different types of switched networks, including circuit-switched networks, datagram networks, and virtual-circuit networks. It provides examples of how each type can be used to connect computers and telephones. The document also describes the structures of switches used in these different network types, including crossbar switches, multistage switches, time-slot interchange switches, and banyan switches. Key aspects like resource reservation, routing tables, and addressing are compared between the different network approaches.
Switching Concept in Networking
Definition with Concept
Advantages & Disadvantages
Types
Circuit Switching
Packet Switching
Datagram Switching
Virtual Packet Switching
Message Switching
All Diagram with Features
References : DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING – BEHROUZ A FOROUZAN
This document reviews Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures that prioritize selected data streams to reduce communication latency. It categorizes the architectures based on the effect of prioritization (per end-to-end connection, per router, or per path segment) and discusses their pros and cons. Architectures that prioritize at the core-to-core level provide the highest latency reduction by bypassing the NoC, while those prioritizing per router or path segment require redetermining priority at each hop.
This document proposes an improved position-based power aware routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc networks. It introduces using a weighted metric of remaining battery power, speed, and distance of nodes to determine routes. The existing MFR (Most Forward within Radius) algorithm does not consider factors like battery power and speed differences, which can lead to unreliable communication or packet loss. The proposed algorithm uses a weighted combination of distance, velocity, and battery power metrics to select routes, aiming to balance load, increase network lifetime, and improve network performance compared to MFR. Simulation results showed the proposed algorithm reduces packet loss and increases throughput compared to MFR.
Haqr the hierarchical ant based qos aware on demand routing for manetscsandit
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile devices with no pre
existing infrastructure or centralized control. Supporting QoS during routing is a very
challenging task. Clustering is an effective method for resource management regarding network
performance, routing protocol design, QoS etc. In real time various types of nodes with different
computing and transmission power, different rolls and different mobility pattern may exist.
Hierarchical routing provides routing through this kind of heterogeneous nodes. In this paper,
HAQR, a novel ant based QoS aware routing is proposed on a three level hierarchical cluster
based topology in MANET which will be more scalable and efficient compared to flat
architecture and will give better throughput.
Energy efficient protocol for deterministicambitlick
The document describes a new probabilistic coverage protocol (PCP) for sensor networks that can employ both deterministic and probabilistic sensing models. PCP works by activating sensors to construct an approximate triangular lattice over the monitored area. It is more energy efficient than previous protocols by reducing the number of activated sensors needed for coverage. Simulation results show PCP outperforms other protocols in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime while maintaining coverage under various conditions.
The document is a software requirements specification for a system to perform record matching over query results from multiple web databases. It describes the purpose, conventions, intended users, product scope, and references. It provides an overall description of the product perspective and functions, describes user classes and characteristics, operating environment, design constraints, and documentation. It outlines external interface requirements including user interfaces, hardware/software interfaces, and communications interfaces. It details system features and other non-functional requirements around performance, safety, security, quality, and business rules.
A clustering protocol using multiple chainambitlick
This document proposes two schemes for clustering protocols based on chain routing in wireless sensor networks. It then describes in detail the Chain Routing Based on Coordinates-oriented Clustering Strategy (CRBCC) protocol. CRBCC forms balanced clusters based on node coordinates, constructs intra-cluster chains using simulated annealing, elects chain leaders, and then constructs an inter-cluster chain among leaders also using simulated annealing. Simulation results show CRBCC performs better than PEGASIS in terms of energy efficiency and network delay.
TCP Fairness for Uplink and Downlink Flows in WLANsambitlick
The document proposes a dual queue scheme at access points to improve fairness between uplink and downlink TCP flows in wireless local area networks. The scheme employs two queues - one for downlink TCP data packets and another for uplink TCP ACK packets. By selecting the queues with different probabilities, the access point can control the ratio of TCP data and ACK sending rates to achieve fairness. Simulation results show that the dual queue scheme is effective at resolving the unfairness problem in a simple way without modifying existing MAC protocols or requiring per-flow queueing.
The document discusses developing a presentation slide viewer module for Drupal to view .ppt and .odp files. There is currently no module that allows this in Drupal. The module will convert files to flash movies and allow users to view slides online without downloading. It will provide advantages over existing options that require external subscriptions. The proposed module will be independent code for Drupal and allow easy modification and extension.
This article has been accepted for future publication in a journal but has not been fully edited yet. It presents authors and their affiliations. It also acknowledges funding sources that supported the work.
This document lists 15 potential 2013 IEEE NS2 project titles related to wireless networks and sensor networks. It includes projects on topics like capacity of hybrid wireless mesh networks, delay-optimal broadcast in multihop wireless networks, detection of spoofing attackers, and harvesting-aware energy management for wireless sensor networks. The document provides contact information for a company called Ambitlick Solutions that offers support and deliverables for IEEE projects, including project abstracts, papers, presentations, reports, and certification.
Backbone nodes based stable routing for mobile ad hoc networksambitlick
This document proposes a scheme to improve existing on-demand routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks by introducing the concept of stable backbone nodes. The scheme establishes multiple alternate paths without transmitting extra control messages, offering quick adaptation, less memory overhead, and loop freedom. It has been incorporated into AODV and DSR protocols. Simulation results show the scheme performs well with increasing packet delivery for different network scenarios.
A novel pause count backoff algorithm for channel accessambitlick
The document summarizes a proposed novel backoff algorithm called Pause Count Backoff (PCB) for channel access in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. PCB observes the number of pauses in a node's backoff procedure to estimate the number of active stations and set an appropriate contention window size. Simulation results show PCB outperforms other algorithms like DCF, EIED, and AEDCF in terms of goodput, fairness index, and end-to-end delay under different network conditions.
History based adaptive backoff (hbab) ieee 802.11 mac protocolambitlick
The document proposes a History-Based Adaptive Backoff (HBAB) MAC protocol to modify the IEEE 802.11 backoff algorithm. The standard IEEE 802.11 protocol uses a binary exponential backoff algorithm that resets the contention window size to the minimum after a successful transmission, which can lead to repeated collisions. HBAB instead slowly increases and decreases the contention window size based on the busyness of the channel, similar to adaptive delta modulation used in communications. Simulations show HBAB provides around 15% higher packet delivery fraction and up to 50% lower average packet delay compared to the standard backoff algorithm.
A New Approach to Improve the Efficiency of Distributed Scheduling in IEEE 80...IDES Editor
The recent standard for broadband wireless
access networks, IEEE 802.16, which resulted in the
development of metropolitan area wireless networks,
includes two network organization modes: Point to Multi
Point and Mesh. The mesh mode provides distributed
channel access operations of peering nodes and uses TDMA
technique for channel access modulation. According to
IEEE 802.16 MAC protocol, there are two scheduling
algorithms for assigning TDMA slots to each network node:
centralized and distributed. In distributed scheduling
algorithm, network nodes have to transmit scheduling
message in order to inform other nodes about their transfer
schedule. In this paper a new approach is proposed to
improve distributed scheduling efficiency in IEEE 802.16
mesh mode, with respect to network condition in every
transferring opportunity. For evaluating the proposed
algorithm efficiency, several extensive simulations are
performed in various network configurations and the most
important system parameters which affect the network
performance are analyzed.
This document summarizes a research paper that evaluates the performance of wired and wireless local area networks using simulation. It describes simulating Ethernet and IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs in OPNET with varying numbers of users. Key performance metrics for wired networks like collision count, throughput, and delay were analyzed. For wireless, metrics like data dropped, throughput, and access delay were studied. As the number of users increased, throughput decreased more for wireless than wired due to transmission limitations in wireless. The paper concludes wireless performs better than wired for small user numbers but degrades more with increasing loads.
EFFECTS OF MAC PARAMETERS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF IEEE 802.11 DCF IN NS-3ijwmn
This paper presents the design procedure of the NS-3 script for WLAN that is organized according to the
hierarchical manner of TCP/IP model. We configure all layers by using NS-3 model objects and set and
modify the values used by objects to investigate the effects of MAC parameters (access mechanism, CWmin,
CWmax and retry limit) on the performance metrics viz. packet delivery ratio, packet lost ratio, aggregated
throughput, and average delay. The simulation results show that RTS/CTS access mechanism outperforms
basic access mechanism in saturated state, whereas the MAC parameters have no significant impact on
network performance in non-saturated state. A higher value of CWmin improves the aggregated throughput
in expense of average delay. The tradeoff relationships among the performance metrics are also observed
in results for the optimal values of MAC parameters. Our design procedure represents a good guideline for
new NS-3 users to design and modify script and results greatly benefit the network design and
management.
EFFECTS OF MAC PARAMETERS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF IEEE 802.11 DCF IN NS-3ijwmn
This paper presents the design procedure of the NS-3 script for WLAN that is organized according to the hierarchical manner of TCP/IP model. We configure all layers by using NS-3 model objects and set and modify the values used by objects to investigate the effects of MAC parameters (access mechanism, CWmin, CWmax and retry limit) on the performance metrics viz. packet delivery ratio, packet lost ratio, aggregated throughput, and average delay. The simulation results show that RTS/CTS access mechanism outperforms basic access mechanism in saturated state, whereas the MAC parameters have no significant impact on network performance in non-saturated state. A higher value of CWmin improves the aggregated throughput in expense of average delay. The tradeoff relationships among the performance metrics are also observed in results for the optimal values of MAC parameters. Our design procedure represents a good guideline for new NS-3 users to design and modify script and results greatly benefit the network design and management.
Multihop Routing In Camera Sensor NetworksChuka Okoye
This poster abstract summarizes an experimental study of multihop routing in camera sensor networks. The experiments tested the Collection Tree Protocol (CTP) using CITRIC camera motes and TelosB motes. The experiments varied payload size and delay between packet transmissions to evaluate data rate, reception rate, and latency over different hop counts. The results show that there is a tradeoff between reception rate and latency. Adding a delay between transmissions can improve both data rate and reception rate compared to best effort transmission. The optimal delay depends on the network density and hop count.
Multihop Routing In Camera Sensor NetworksChuka Okoye
This poster abstract summarizes an experimental study of multihop routing in camera sensor networks. The experiments tested the Collection Tree Protocol (CTP) using CITRIC camera motes and TelosB motes. The experiments varied payload size and delay between packet transmissions to evaluate data rate, reception rate, and latency over different hop counts. The results show that there is a tradeoff between reception rate and latency. Adding a delay between transmissions can improve both data rate and reception rate compared to best effort transmission. The optimal delay depends on the network density and hop count.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
1) The document analyzes the quality of service capabilities of the IEEE 802.11e standard through simulation.
2) It simulates four access categories (voice, video, data, background) on the EDCA mechanism and finds that voice and video have higher throughput and lower delay, showing that 802.11e provides service differentiation.
3) A comparison of 802.11e EDCA and legacy DCF shows that while DCF has slightly higher overall throughput, EDCA experiences less variable data dropping due to its prioritized access scheme.
A simulation model of ieee 802.15.4 in om ne t++wissem hammouda
This document presents a simulation model of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard developed in OMNeT++. The model consists of PHY, MAC and traffic modules. The PHY module implements radio states, CCA and data rates according to the standard. The MAC module implements CSMA-CA, beaconing, data transmission modes and a simple energy model. The traffic module generates packets. The model supports star and cluster tree topologies and allows configuring parameters to evaluate IEEE 802.15.4 performance.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis of data transmission in wireless lan for 802.11 e2 eteSAT Journals
Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the transmission of data between client and server through different IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN multi- HOP network. To improve this issue, the transmission opportunity (TXOP) mechanism is defined in the IEEE 802.11e standard, with which a wireless node can transmit multiple frames consecutively for a maximum channel occupancy time, called TXOP limit. This paper considers the performance of the TXOP mechanism for multi-hop wireless networks. Focusing on a three-node chain topology, we model it as a tandem queuing network with two nodes. The E2ET is derived and the analysis is validated by simulation. Numerical results show that the TXOP mechanism works well for multi-hop wireless networks. It is also shown that adjusting TXOP limit is significantly important in order to increase the overall throughput. In terms of multi-hop wireless networks, there is little analytical work with regard to the E2ET performance. One of the rationales for the analytical difficulty for multi-hop wireless networks is that IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol is too complex to model the behavior of multi-hop frame transmissions. Keywords: IEEE 802.11e, multi-hop wireless LAN, TXOP, E2ET
This document provides an overview of queuing theory models used to analyze the performance of IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. It discusses how queuing models can measure metrics like throughput, delay, and packet loss. It also reviews the IEEE 802.11 standard, including the distributed coordination function (DCF) used for medium access control and quality of service enhancements in 802.11e. The goal is to identify the most accurate queuing or probability models for designing wireless LANs that consider performance and meet QoS requirements.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Efficient and Fair Bandwidth Allocation AQM Scheme for Wireless NetworksCSCJournals
Heterogeneous Wireless Networks are considered nowadays as one of the potential areas in research and development. The traffic management’s schemes that have been used at the fusion points between the different wireless networks are classical and conventional. This paper is focused on developing a novel scheme to overcome the problem of traffic congestion in the fusion point router interconnected the heterogeneous wireless networks. The paper proposed an EF-AQM algorithm which provides an efficient and fair allocation of bandwidth among different established flows. Finally, the proposed scheme developed, tested and validated through a set of experiments to demonstrate the relative merits and capabilities of a proposed scheme
General Model for Single and Multiple Channels WLANs with Quality of Service ...ijwmn
In this paper we develop an intergraded model for request mechanism and data transmission in the uplink phase in the presence of channel noise. This model supports quality of service. The wireless channel is prone to many impairments. Thus, certain techniques have to be developed to deliver data to the receiver. We calculated the performance parameters for single and multichannel wireless networks, like the requests throughput, data throughput and the requests acceptance probability and data acceptance probability. The proposed model is general model since it can be applied to different wireless networks such as IEEE802.11a, IEEE802.16e, CDMA operated networks and Hiperlan\2.
General Model for Single and Multiple Channels WLANs with Quality of Service...ijwmn
In this paper we develop an intergraded model for request mechanism and data transmission in the uplink
phase in the presence of channel noise. This model supports quality of service. The wireless channel is prone
to many impairments. Thus, certain techniques have to be developed to deliver data to the receiver. We
calculated the performance parameters for single and multichannel wireless networks, like the requests
throughput, data throughput and the requests acceptance probability and data acceptance probability. The
proposed model is general model since it can be applied to different wireless networks such as IEEE802.11a,
IEEE802.16e, CDMA operated networks and Hiperlan\2.
The document summarizes MAC protocols for wireless mesh networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless mesh network architectures and important definitions. It then discusses single channel MAC protocols like S-MAC, T-MAC, and a new TDMA-based protocol. It also covers multi-channel MAC protocols classifications and examples like CC-MMAC and SSCH MAC. The document provides detailed explanations of the mechanisms and concepts behind various single and multi-channel MAC protocols.
Similar to Towards the Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 in Multi-hop Ad-Hoc Networks (20)
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This document lists over 40 potential 2013 IEEE Java Dotnet project titles across various domains including wireless networks, mobile computing, network security, data mining, cloud computing, parallel and distributed computing, and multimedia/image processing. The projects focus on technical topics such as wireless sensor networks, wireless mesh networks, cognitive radio networks, mobile ad hoc networks, network coding, video streaming, machine learning, data warehousing, and more. Project deliverables include an abstract, IEEE paper, presentation, report, working prototype or proof of concept, and certification. Bulk older and new projects can be provided at a low cost.
Handling selfishness in replica allocationambitlick
The document discusses techniques for handling selfish nodes in replica allocation over mobile ad hoc networks. It aims to reduce traffic overhead while maintaining high data accessibility. The techniques include a selfish node detection algorithm that considers partial selfishness and novel replica allocation methods to address issues caused by selfish nodes hoarding replicas for their own benefit instead of sharing memory space. Simulations are used to evaluate the performance of these techniques in improving data delivery rates.
Mutual Distance Bounding Protocols enable entities to determine an upper bound on their physical distance and authenticate each other. They have been actively researched due to distance-based attacks on wireless systems like RFID. While most protocols provide unilateral authentication of a tag to a reader, one was proposed to provide mutual authentication with a lower false acceptance rate. However, this analysis is shown to overestimate security, as a new attack achieves a higher false acceptance rate. A method is also introduced to modify existing unilateral authentication protocols into mutual authentication protocols.
Moderated group authoring system for campus wide workgroupsambitlick
This paper describes a distributed authoring system for campus workgroups that allows group members to modify any document type using their own devices. Each member maintains an updatable copy of shared content, and read-only copies are distributed asynchronously based on wireless availability. Group members manually reconcile updates through moderation, merging changes from others into their copy. Over time, successive moderation converges all copies into a single version. An evaluation found the asynchronous update model effective and the moderation process intuitive for students.
Efficient spread spectrum communication without pre shared secretsambitlick
This document proposes a new mechanism called Time Reversed Message Extraction and Key Scheduling (TREKS) that allows for efficient spread spectrum communication without pre-shared secrets. TREKS is four orders of magnitude faster than previous solutions to this problem. It enables long-term spread spectrum communication with optimal energy costs, minimal storage overhead, and a computation cost at most twice traditional spread spectrum. The approach was evaluated through simulations and experiments sustaining 1Mbps communication spread over 100 Megachips per second using modest hardware.
The document lists 23 networking and mobile computing projects implemented in NS2. It includes projects on topics like mobility in wireless networks, intrusion detection, neighbor discovery, energy renewal with wireless power transfer, load balancing, and spectrum access control. Contact information is provided for those interested in the project reports, presentations, source code, or implementing new projects.
Adaptive weight factor estimation from user review 1ambitlick
This document proposes a novel technique called Adjacent Pair Priorities (APP) to estimate weight factors for quality of service parameters in vertical handoff decision algorithms. The APP technique allows users to set relative priority levels for adjacent pairs of QoS parameters in descending order using an exponential mapping. This adaptive approach controls the width of the weight distribution to provide flexibility for users. The document outlines the system requirements, block diagram, modules and references several research papers on vertical handoff decision schemes and network selection algorithms.
The document proposes an Integrated Institutional Portal that allows all colleges and institutions within a university or district to share information. [1] The portal would allow students and staff from different colleges to discuss and request information from one another through blogs, forums and by publishing notices. [2] Currently, each college maintains separate portals without a common forum for communication. [3] The proposed centralized portal managed by a super administrator would make all college information like results, events and departments accessible to benefit students and staff across institutions.
This document describes an Embassy Administration portal that aims to centralize and automate manual processes at a college. [1] The portal allows separate login access for staff, parents, students and other members of the college. [2] It displays student results, attendance, and performance for parents to view as well as enables communication between parents and faculty. [3] The system conducts model and unit examinations.
The document proposes a customer relationship management system (CRMS) to help space marketing executives, managers, and management interact and share information online. The existing CRMS is manual and DOS-based, which has disadvantages like a distributed database, obsolete technology, and low efficiency. The proposed system is a web-based online CRMS designed for the space marketing department. It allows monitoring executive calls, tracking performance, and sharing information among departments to improve customer relationships and business operations. The system has modules for corporate administration, regional management, center management, and executives to organize work and monitor progress at different levels.
Mutual Distance Bounding Protocols enable entities to determine an upper bound on their physical distance and authenticate each other. They have been actively researched due to distance-based attacks on wireless systems like RFID. While most protocols provide unilateral authentication of a tag to a reader, one was proposed to provide mutual authentication with a lower false acceptance rate. However, this analysis is shown to overestimate security, as a new attack achieves a higher false acceptance rate. A method is also introduced to modify existing unilateral authentication protocols into mutual authentication protocols.
Moderated group authoring system for campus wide workgroupsambitlick
This paper describes a distributed authoring system for campus workgroups that allows group members to modify any document type using their own devices. Each member maintains an updatable copy of shared content, and read-only copies are distributed based on wireless availability. Group members manually reconcile updates through moderation, merging changes from others into their copy. Over time, successive moderations converge the multiple versions into a single version. An evaluation found the asynchronous update propagation and moderation process intuitive for students.
Efficient spread spectrum communication without pre shared secretsambitlick
This document proposes a new mechanism called Time Reversed Message Extraction and Key Scheduling (TREKS) that allows for efficient spread spectrum communication without pre-shared secrets. TREKS is four orders of magnitude faster than previous solutions to this problem and enables long-term spread spectrum communication without establishing keys. It was evaluated through simulation and on a testbed and can sustain 1Mbps communication spread over a 100 Megachips bandwidth in real-time, with provably optimal energy cost and minimal storage overhead.
Comments on “mabs multicast authentication based on batch signature”ambitlick
This document summarizes and critiques the MABS-DSA protocol proposed by Zhou et al. for multicast authentication using batch verification. While MABS-DSA was intended to increase efficiency and security over other implementations, the author finds through reexamination of the arithmetic that the algorithm is actually incorrect and batch signature verification would fail almost always, even when individual packets were properly signed by an honest sender. The key issue is a flaw in protocol correctness rather than the intended security improvements.
Energy-Efficient Protocol for Deterministic and Probabilistic Coverage In Sen...ambitlick
The document proposes a new probabilistic coverage protocol (PCP) for sensor networks that can employ different sensing models. PCP aims to address the costly task of designing and testing different coverage protocols for each sensing model. It works with common disk sensing models as well as probabilistic sensing models with minimal changes. Simulation results show that PCP outperforms other deterministic and probabilistic protocols in terms of number of activated sensors, total energy consumed, and network lifetime while being robust against failures and inaccuracies.
Estimating Parameters of Multiple Heterogeneous Target Objects Using Composit...ambitlick
This article proposes a method for estimating parameters of multiple heterogeneous target objects (objects with different sizes and shapes) using networked binary sensors. The sensors are simple and only report detections, but no individual sensor location is known. The method introduces "composite sensor nodes" containing multiple sensors in a fixed arrangement. This provides relative location information to help distinguish individual target objects. As an example, the article considers a composite node with two sensors on a line segment. Measures from these nodes can identify target shapes and estimate object parameters like radius and side lengths. Numerical tests demonstrate networked composite sensors can estimate parameters of multiple target objects.
A Privacy-Preserving Location Monitoring System for Wireless Sensor Networksambitlick
This document proposes a privacy-preserving location monitoring system for wireless sensor networks. The system uses two in-network location anonymization algorithms:
1) A resource-aware algorithm that aims to minimize communication and computational costs by having each sensor node find a cloaked area containing at least k persons and report only aggregate location information.
2) A quality-aware algorithm that aims to maximize accuracy by iteratively refining cloaked areas reported by the resource-aware algorithm to minimize their size, while still maintaining k-anonymity.
The system collects anonymous aggregate location information to build a spatial histogram for estimating person distributions and answering queries about aggregate locations, while preserving individuals' location privacy against potential attacks from untrusted
Energy-Efficient Protocol for Deterministic and Probabilistic Coverage In Sen...ambitlick
The document proposes a new probabilistic coverage protocol (PCP) for sensor networks that can employ different sensing models. PCP aims to address the costly task of designing and testing different coverage protocols for each sensing model. It works with common disk sensing models as well as probabilistic sensing models with minimal changes. Simulation results show that PCP outperforms other deterministic and probabilistic protocols in terms of number of activated sensors, total energy consumed, and network lifetime while being robust against failures and inaccuracies.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.