Towards 'Resilient Cities' - Harmonisation of Spatial Planning Information as One Step Along the Way Manfred Schrenk, Julia Neuschmid, Daniela Patti - Department for Urbanism, Transport, Environment and Information Society, Central European Institute of Technology, Austria

1. Towards ‘Resilient Cities’ Harmonisation of Spatial Planning Information as One Step Along the WayCTP 2011, Santander, SpainManfred Schrenk, Julia Neuschmid, Daniela PattiCentral European Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Urbanism, Transport, Environment and Information Society

2. Grand Challenges By 2050 two-thirds of the world’s population will live in urban areas (UN Habitat, 2006) What about...world‘s resources…climate change…energy…pressure on cities…land use…?

3. The RoleofSpatialPlanning Givesgeographical expression to the economic, social, cultural and ecological policies of society. is at the same time a scientific discipline, an administrative technique and a policy developed as an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach directed towards a balanced regional development and the physical organisation of space according to an overall strategy. strongly influences society on all levels as it addresses the environment where people live and work, the location of social and economic activities and the way in which processedresourcesareexploited. (Council of Europe, 1983)

5. sustainability,

6. resilience

7. competitiveness,

9. waste of resources,

10. inequitiesSupporting the management of Cities and Regions, PUBLIC INTEREST fair distribution of chances/opportunities and burdens/impacts. PurposeofPlanning?

12. numerous (in)dependent actors

13. numerous, unforeseeable possibilities

14. hidden agendas

15. open system

16. 2 opposed interests

17. each with 16 actors (limited possib.)

18. exactly defined rules

19. clear agenda

20. closed systemComplexityofPlanning

22. 1 winner, 1 loser„The winner takes it all!“Challenge: Goal Definition

23. © Ric Stephens, www.stephensplanning.com

24. Resilient Cities can ADAPT to changes, grand challenges and can balance ecosystem and human functions. Resilience is “the capacity of a system to survive, adapt, and grow in the face of unforeseen changes, even catastrophic incidents” (Holling, 2001). Resilience in cities is a DYNAMIC PROCESS covering implementation and constant evaluation over time.

25. © Ric Stephens, www.stephensplanning.com

28. THE SPATIAL PLANNING RECIPE? „Perfect World“ Planning: an easy task?

29. Planning processes and their outputs are highly diverse across Europe and the world. Plans are taylor-made attempts to improve given situations The results of planning depends highly on the PLANNING PROCESS There are very different approaches and understandings of urban and spatial planning(design driven, technically/legally driven, real-estate-driven, participatory approach …) HarmonisationofPlanning?

30. Planningcycle Dynamic World Technical project or (also) a unique, creative, dynamic, process with unpredictable outcomes? INFORMATION/ DATA PLANNING CYCLE Land cover Land use Agricultural and aquacultural facilities Production and industrial facilities Area management/ restriction/ regulation zones and reporting units Utility and Government services Natural Risk Zones … … … ACTORS Planners Politics Public administration Economy Citizens Media Investors Interest groups Citizens Researchers GIS Experts …

31. © Ric Stephens, www.stephensplanning.com

32. What is more important in planning processes? The process itself with the involvement of stakeholders that generates certain dynamics or just the final results, "the plan"? Is spatial planning a technical science where each step can be exactly described and confronted with the same problem different planners generate the same result? Unique, creative process with unpredictable outcomes? Spatial planning is never finished ("planning cycle“) Always one key question: How/where to get reliable data / information? Characteristicsofplanningprocesses

33. The past years have led to the development of spatial data infrastructures and more harmonised spatial data which can positively effect spatial planning processes. Spatial planning / Stakeholders can use interoperable information that is provided through spatial data infrastructures to monitor ongoing developments, to integrate different stakeholders and themes, and to make decision processes more transparent. SDI helps spatial planning to receive more up-to-date information than ever. As a consequence spatial planning can detect new developments and changes, analyse them according to existing plans and visions, and is able to steer the spatial order to better improve resilient cities. Planning & SDI?

34. Planningand SDI? Tofaceclimatechange, urbanisation, energysupply etc. citiesneedtoberesilient CITIES arecomplex so is PLANNING! Spatialdatais a keyinputforplanningprocessesbecauseithelpsto understand betterthecomplexworldandtofulfilplanning‘spurpose Thereforeplanninghasgreathopesin recentlydevelopedspatialdatainfrastructures (SDI)

35. SDI: A Pan-European Matter

36. SDI: A Pan-European Matter European Environment Agency (EEA) provides sound, independent information on the environment Climate change Air pollution Biodiversity Land use Water cross-border & accessible http://www.eea.europa.eu

37. Project: CentropeMAP Interoperable, cross-boder geodata Infrastructure for the CENTROPE region

38. Project: CentropeMAP 2222

39. Project: Plan4all Plan4all Harmonisation of spatial planning data according to the INSPIRE directive based on the existing best practises in EU regions and municipalities and the results of current research projects www.plan4all.eu

40. Project: Plan4all co-funded by the Community programme eContentplus

41. Common Data Sharing Infrastructure: Common Web services allowing to visualise, overlay information from different sources PILOT 1: PILOT 2: PILOT 3: LU/LC data analysis system national land information system Waste dumpsstratification Project: HLanData Harmonisation of Land Use and Land Cover Databases for the creation of value added services www.hlandata.eu

43. Best Practice Plan4all Data harmonisation and access to planning-related data in Europehttp://www.plan4all.eu/

45. BETTER ACCESS to data and information BETTERCONNECTING themes and actors SDI & Planning?

46. BETTER INTEGRATING different planninglevels SDI & Planning?

47. SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURES Providing NEW DATA & INFORMATION & KNOWLEDGE forplanningprocesses SDI & Planning?

48. SDI / Knowledge INFRASTRUCTURESWiserdecisionsforbetter Cities

49. Categoriesofspatialdataaccordingtheir „spatialclearness“ Geometrically/mathematicallyclearlydefined Not clearlydefindedphenomena Continuouslychanging Spatialphenomensthatcan notclearlybedescribed in spatialterms

50. A matter ofview-point: If the only toy you have is a hammer … every problem looks like a nail … (Abraham Maslow)

52. sustainability,

53. resilience

54. competitiveness,

56. waste of resources,

57. inequitiesSupporting the management of Cities and Regions, PUBLIC INTEREST fair distribution of chances/opportunities and burdens/impacts. PurposeofPlanning?

58. Infrastructure?!? © Ric Stephens, www.stephensplanning.com

59. Infrastructure?!? © Ric Stephens, www.stephensplanning.com

60. Infrastructure?!? © Ric Stephens, www.stephensplanning.com

61. CEIT ALANOVA Central European Institute of Technology Department for Urbanism, Transport, Environment & Information Society Schwechat/ Austria www.ceit.at Manfred Schrenk, Julia Neuschmid, Daniela Patti m.schrenk@ceit.at, j.neuschmid@ceit.at, d.patti@ceit.at Thankyou!