Torture has severe and long-lasting psychological effects. The document discusses definitions of torture from various organizations and the methods and reasons for torture. It outlines the psychological impacts which can include PTSD, depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction. Health professionals are in a position to uphold human rights but some have defended or participated in torture. A proper assessment of torture survivors considers cultural factors and establishes trust, while treatment focuses on regaining dignity and trust. Testimonials and accepting the experience can help healing.
The document defines torture as the intentional infliction of severe physical or mental pain or suffering by a public official for purposes such as obtaining information or a confession, punishment, intimidation, or discrimination. Common torture methods include beating, electric shocks, burns, rape, starvation, and sensory deprivation. Torture damages not only victims but also their families and societies by undermining basic human rights and instilling fear. The document calls for educating people about torture and speaking out against its use in order to help create a world where everyone feels safe regardless of who they are or what they have done.
The document discusses and provides examples of torture techniques used by the US on detainees in the War on Terror, including at Abu Ghraib prison, Guantanamo Bay, and secret CIA black sites. These techniques include stress positions, sleep deprivation, waterboarding, and prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures and loud music. The document argues that these techniques constitute torture as defined by both US and international law, and that torture is an ineffective and counterproductive interrogation method that spreads human rights abuses and recruitment for adversaries.
Torture is defined under international law as any act intentionally inflicting severe physical or mental pain or suffering by a public official. Various techniques have been used around the world by governments to obtain information, punish, intimidate, or persecute. There is disagreement over which actions cause severe suffering. The document discusses waterboarding used by some governments against detainees in the 'War on Terror' and whether torture can ever be justified for interrogations.
Electrocution can cause death through direct effects on the heart or respiratory muscles, or effects on brainstem centers. The amount of current, voltage, resistance, route of current, and duration of exposure determine mortality. Autopsy may show characteristic skin burns, cardiac changes, soft tissue injuries from falls. A thorough investigation including scene examination and autopsy is needed to determine cause and manner of death from electricity.
The document summarizes key aspects of forensic psychiatry. It begins by defining forensic psychiatry as a subspecialty that deals with the application of psychiatric knowledge to legal issues and application of legal knowledge to psychiatric issues. It then discusses several areas of focus in forensic psychiatry including psychiatry in criminal law, civil law, and as relates to children and organ transplantation. Specific historical cases are summarized that helped shape standards for insanity defenses. Relevant Indian laws pertaining to these topics are also briefly outlined.
Article 3 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights states “everyone has
the right to life, liberty and security of a person”
Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees no person shall be
deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure
established by law”
Thus right to life, liberty and security of a person are recognized as a
fundamental right by the Universal Declaration of Human Right (article
3 of 1948 and article 21 of the Indian Constitution
This document provides information on forensic psychiatry and common psychiatric terms and symptoms. It discusses topics such as psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, neurosis, psychosis, delusions, hallucinations, and other key concepts. The key points are:
- Psychiatry is the branch of medicine dealing with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders. Forensic psychiatry applies psychiatry within the legal system.
- Neurosis involves emotional or intellectual disorders where reality testing is preserved, while psychosis involves a loss of contact with reality.
- Delusions are false beliefs that persist despite evidence. Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions without an external stimulus. Common types of delusions
The document defines torture as the intentional infliction of severe physical or mental pain or suffering by a public official for purposes such as obtaining information or a confession, punishment, intimidation, or discrimination. Common torture methods include beating, electric shocks, burns, rape, starvation, and sensory deprivation. Torture damages not only victims but also their families and societies by undermining basic human rights and instilling fear. The document calls for educating people about torture and speaking out against its use in order to help create a world where everyone feels safe regardless of who they are or what they have done.
The document discusses and provides examples of torture techniques used by the US on detainees in the War on Terror, including at Abu Ghraib prison, Guantanamo Bay, and secret CIA black sites. These techniques include stress positions, sleep deprivation, waterboarding, and prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures and loud music. The document argues that these techniques constitute torture as defined by both US and international law, and that torture is an ineffective and counterproductive interrogation method that spreads human rights abuses and recruitment for adversaries.
Torture is defined under international law as any act intentionally inflicting severe physical or mental pain or suffering by a public official. Various techniques have been used around the world by governments to obtain information, punish, intimidate, or persecute. There is disagreement over which actions cause severe suffering. The document discusses waterboarding used by some governments against detainees in the 'War on Terror' and whether torture can ever be justified for interrogations.
Electrocution can cause death through direct effects on the heart or respiratory muscles, or effects on brainstem centers. The amount of current, voltage, resistance, route of current, and duration of exposure determine mortality. Autopsy may show characteristic skin burns, cardiac changes, soft tissue injuries from falls. A thorough investigation including scene examination and autopsy is needed to determine cause and manner of death from electricity.
The document summarizes key aspects of forensic psychiatry. It begins by defining forensic psychiatry as a subspecialty that deals with the application of psychiatric knowledge to legal issues and application of legal knowledge to psychiatric issues. It then discusses several areas of focus in forensic psychiatry including psychiatry in criminal law, civil law, and as relates to children and organ transplantation. Specific historical cases are summarized that helped shape standards for insanity defenses. Relevant Indian laws pertaining to these topics are also briefly outlined.
Article 3 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights states “everyone has
the right to life, liberty and security of a person”
Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees no person shall be
deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure
established by law”
Thus right to life, liberty and security of a person are recognized as a
fundamental right by the Universal Declaration of Human Right (article
3 of 1948 and article 21 of the Indian Constitution
This document provides information on forensic psychiatry and common psychiatric terms and symptoms. It discusses topics such as psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, neurosis, psychosis, delusions, hallucinations, and other key concepts. The key points are:
- Psychiatry is the branch of medicine dealing with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders. Forensic psychiatry applies psychiatry within the legal system.
- Neurosis involves emotional or intellectual disorders where reality testing is preserved, while psychosis involves a loss of contact with reality.
- Delusions are false beliefs that persist despite evidence. Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions without an external stimulus. Common types of delusions
Domestic violence: Through the Eyes of a SurvivorCassie Walker
This is a brief explanation of domestic violence, what it is, the damage it can do, and ways to help or get help. This has been created through the eyes of a survivor.
The document discusses perpetrators of abuse and their behaviors. Perpetrators purposely harm others or allow harm to happen. They seek to control their victims through intimidation, threats, humiliation and undermining the victim's confidence. Perpetrators believe they have a right to control their partner's lives. Common tactics used by perpetrators include intimidation, threats, destroying property, and damaging a victim's self-esteem. Victims of abuse often live in fear and suffer a loss of self-worth. They may choose to stay with their abuser due to financial dependence, concern for their children, or religious beliefs.
History about Malingering, Concept and nosology, Symptom presentation, Interview and observation, Psychological assessment, Diagnostic difficulty and Differential diagnosis.
This document provides information about forensic psychiatry and related topics. It begins by defining forensic psychiatry as the branch of psychiatry dealing with the application of psychiatry in the administration of justice. It then discusses mental illness, common psychiatric disorders and symptoms, delusions, hallucinations, and other relevant topics. It also explains concepts like insanity, criminal and civil responsibility of mentally ill individuals, and the McNaughton rule for determining criminal responsibility. In summary, the document outlines key aspects of forensic psychiatry including the evaluation and treatment of mental disorders in a legal context.
A woman from Bangladesh describes her hesitation to protest domestic violence due to social consequences. She fears being blamed by her community for not enduring the violence silently. This lack of ability to speak out causes her great mental anguish. Domestic violence prevents women's empowerment by enforcing social norms through fear of isolation and punishment.
This document outlines the key aspects of oncology and the role of clinical health psychologists in oncology settings. It begins with definitions of oncology and cancer. It then discusses primary prevention strategies and the relationship between social support and cancer patients' adjustment. Finally, it describes the clinical health psychologist's role in providing direct care, consultation, administration, research, and education to enhance patient care and communication within the oncology team.
The document discusses testamentary capacity, which refers to a person's mental ability to make a will. It outlines the Banks v. Goodfellow criteria for testamentary capacity, including understanding the nature and effects of making a will, knowledge of one's assets and potential beneficiaries, and being free from delusions. The document also lists important elements like acting voluntarily and knowingly, and factors that can affect capacity like physical/psychiatric conditions, alcohol use, dementia, mood disorders, and undue influence.
This document provides information about ante mortem and post mortem wounds. It begins with defining key terms like wounds, ante mortem, and post mortem. The document then discusses the significance of distinguishing between ante mortem and post mortem wounds for identification purposes, determining cause of death, and the type of weapon used. It outlines the key differences between ante mortem wounds, which occur before death and show bleeding and blood clotting, and post mortem wounds, which occur after death and show lividity and lack of clotting. References are provided for additional information.
Mummification is the process of dessication of the body in dry, warm conditions with good airflow. It occurs naturally in extremely dry environments that allow fast dehydration of tissues while inhibiting bacterial decomposition. This results in a body with dark, tightly adhered skin and a parchment-like appearance without smell after several weeks to months, depending on body size and conditions. Mummification can provide clues for medico-legal purposes like identification, time and cause of death, and detecting internal pathologies. It occurred naturally in ancient Egypt and can be artificially achieved.
Autopsy in Cases of Death in Custody, Torture and Violation of Human RightsDr Sandeep Kumar Giri
This document outlines guidelines from the National Human Rights Commission of India regarding autopsies performed in cases of custodial death, torture, and human rights violations. Key points include:
- The NHRC recommends that all autopsies in cases of death in police custody or jails should be videotaped and the tapes and reports sent to the NHRC.
- A model autopsy report form was created based on UN guidelines to standardize documentation of findings.
- Factors like rigor mortis and temperature changes must be documented to properly assess time of death.
- Autopsies and magisterial inquiries in custodial death cases must be completed and sent to the NHRC within 2 months. V
A free educational training event was being held for community leaders and members to learn about understanding trauma, its effects, and effective trauma treatment. The all-day event included keynote sessions in the morning and afternoon led by experts on topics like the Adverse Childhood Experience Study, neurobiological changes from toxic stress, and inter-partner violence. Several panel discussions were also scheduled featuring local agencies, survivors of trauma, and professionals discussing trauma in the community and approaches to building a more trauma-informed community.
Traumatology is the science of wounds and injuries. A wound is a disruption of tissues caused by external force, while an injury can also encompass internal damage from heat, cold, chemicals, electricity or radiation. Wounds are generally classified by their cause as blunt force, sharp force, gunshot or other injuries. Blunt force injuries result from impact with a blunt object and include abrasions, bruises and lacerations.
This document discusses infanticide and the signs that indicate whether a newborn child was born alive or dead. It defines terms like infanticide, feticide, neonaticide, stillbirth, and live birth. It describes signs that prove live birth occurred like breathing, crying, or heart activity. Autopsy signs of live birth include lung floatation tests and the presence of meconium or milk in the stomach. The document outlines viability criteria and signs of intrauterine death versus live birth. It discusses laws around infanticide and exceptions. Overall, the document provides forensic context and criteria for determining if a newborn was born alive based on external and internal autopsy examination findings.
This document discusses suicide as a major issue in today's society. It provides statistics showing that suicide rates have been rising, with every 80 seconds someone attempting suicide and every 100 minutes a life lost to suicide. Teen suicide in particular has become a major concern, and social media sometimes glamorizes the idea of suicide. The document explores different theories of suicide and types including egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic suicide. It examines common reasons for suicide such as depression, hopelessness, perfectionism, regrets, trauma, mental illness and bullying. The impact of suicide on families and society is also discussed. The document concludes by providing tips for suicide prevention such as talking to someone, responding quickly in a crisis
Psychiatry– it deals with study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illness.
Forensic psychiatry- application of knowledge of psychiatry
These are the person who are unable to cope with the ordinary social circumstance
The document discusses suicide and suicidal behaviors from various perspectives including definitions, classifications, epidemiology, risk factors, theories and approaches. Some key points:
- Suicide is defined as death caused by self-directed injurious behavior with intent to die. Attempted suicide refers to non-fatal self-harm.
- Worldwide, about 1 million people die by suicide each year, with rates varying greatly between countries and demographics. In India, suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15-29 year olds.
- Risk factors include male gender, family history of suicide, mental illnesses like depression and schizophrenia, substance abuse, physical illness, unemployment, and relationship or financial problems.
-
Insanity
Mind in Psychology
DISORDERS OF COGNITION
DISORDERS OF AFFECT / EMOTIONS
DISORDERS OF CONATION / BODY FUNCTIONS
Classification of Psychiatric disorders ICD -10
LUCID INTERVAL- Psychiatry & Head Injury
Feigned Insanity
Test for determining criminal responsibilities
McNaughton Rules-The right or wrong test)
Durham’s Rule
Curren’s Rule
American law Institute Test
Civil and Criminal responsibility of an insane
Section 84 IPC
MENTAL HEALTHCARE ACT,2017
DISORDERS OF AFFECT / EMOTIONS
DISORDERS OF CONATION / BODY FUNCTIONS
Classification of Psychiatric disorders ICD -10
LUCID INTERVAL- Psychiatry & Head Injury
Feigned Insanity
Test for determining criminal responsibilities
McNaughton Rules-The right or wrong test)
Durham’s Rule
Curren’s Rule
American law Institute Test
Civil and Criminal responsibility of an insane
Section 84 IPC
MENTAL HEALTHCARE ACT,2017
This document discusses infant death and child abuse. It outlines natural and unnatural causes of infant death, including prematurity, infections, and accidental injuries during labor. Criminal causes include strangulation, poisoning, and head injuries. Child abuse is defined as harmful or offensive contact or communication that humiliates, shames or frightens a child. Types of child abuse include physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect. Battered baby syndrome results from repetitive non-accidental violence by parents or guardians, often due to stress, lack of nurturing skills, immaturity or anger issues. Common injuries in abused children include unexplained bruises in various stages of healing, burns, fractures and neurological issues like retinal hemorrhaging. A diagnosis
Overview of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder including diagnostic criteria from ICD-10 and DSM-5, prevalence, course, differential diagnosis, co-morbidity, assessment, risk, prognostic and protective factors, etiology and management.
Professor Afsheen John Radsan reviews, in the context of various memoranda from the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel, the differences between a lawyer’s duty of zealous advocacy (ABA Model Rule 3.1) and the duty of candor in legal advice (ABA Model Rule 2.1).
Medical Whistleblower Canary Notes Newsletter 38 Torture Dec. 2008 Vol...MedicalWhistleblower
What is Torture? This might seem to be a simple question but the sliding slope of mistreatment and abuse makes defining torture a complex legal issue. Torture is defined by the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) June 1987. Article 1 (1) in the following way:
“For the purposes of this Convention, the term "torture" means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity.”
The definition of Torture by the Torture Abolition and Survivors Support Coalition International (TASSC) is as follows:
Domestic violence: Through the Eyes of a SurvivorCassie Walker
This is a brief explanation of domestic violence, what it is, the damage it can do, and ways to help or get help. This has been created through the eyes of a survivor.
The document discusses perpetrators of abuse and their behaviors. Perpetrators purposely harm others or allow harm to happen. They seek to control their victims through intimidation, threats, humiliation and undermining the victim's confidence. Perpetrators believe they have a right to control their partner's lives. Common tactics used by perpetrators include intimidation, threats, destroying property, and damaging a victim's self-esteem. Victims of abuse often live in fear and suffer a loss of self-worth. They may choose to stay with their abuser due to financial dependence, concern for their children, or religious beliefs.
History about Malingering, Concept and nosology, Symptom presentation, Interview and observation, Psychological assessment, Diagnostic difficulty and Differential diagnosis.
This document provides information about forensic psychiatry and related topics. It begins by defining forensic psychiatry as the branch of psychiatry dealing with the application of psychiatry in the administration of justice. It then discusses mental illness, common psychiatric disorders and symptoms, delusions, hallucinations, and other relevant topics. It also explains concepts like insanity, criminal and civil responsibility of mentally ill individuals, and the McNaughton rule for determining criminal responsibility. In summary, the document outlines key aspects of forensic psychiatry including the evaluation and treatment of mental disorders in a legal context.
A woman from Bangladesh describes her hesitation to protest domestic violence due to social consequences. She fears being blamed by her community for not enduring the violence silently. This lack of ability to speak out causes her great mental anguish. Domestic violence prevents women's empowerment by enforcing social norms through fear of isolation and punishment.
This document outlines the key aspects of oncology and the role of clinical health psychologists in oncology settings. It begins with definitions of oncology and cancer. It then discusses primary prevention strategies and the relationship between social support and cancer patients' adjustment. Finally, it describes the clinical health psychologist's role in providing direct care, consultation, administration, research, and education to enhance patient care and communication within the oncology team.
The document discusses testamentary capacity, which refers to a person's mental ability to make a will. It outlines the Banks v. Goodfellow criteria for testamentary capacity, including understanding the nature and effects of making a will, knowledge of one's assets and potential beneficiaries, and being free from delusions. The document also lists important elements like acting voluntarily and knowingly, and factors that can affect capacity like physical/psychiatric conditions, alcohol use, dementia, mood disorders, and undue influence.
This document provides information about ante mortem and post mortem wounds. It begins with defining key terms like wounds, ante mortem, and post mortem. The document then discusses the significance of distinguishing between ante mortem and post mortem wounds for identification purposes, determining cause of death, and the type of weapon used. It outlines the key differences between ante mortem wounds, which occur before death and show bleeding and blood clotting, and post mortem wounds, which occur after death and show lividity and lack of clotting. References are provided for additional information.
Mummification is the process of dessication of the body in dry, warm conditions with good airflow. It occurs naturally in extremely dry environments that allow fast dehydration of tissues while inhibiting bacterial decomposition. This results in a body with dark, tightly adhered skin and a parchment-like appearance without smell after several weeks to months, depending on body size and conditions. Mummification can provide clues for medico-legal purposes like identification, time and cause of death, and detecting internal pathologies. It occurred naturally in ancient Egypt and can be artificially achieved.
Autopsy in Cases of Death in Custody, Torture and Violation of Human RightsDr Sandeep Kumar Giri
This document outlines guidelines from the National Human Rights Commission of India regarding autopsies performed in cases of custodial death, torture, and human rights violations. Key points include:
- The NHRC recommends that all autopsies in cases of death in police custody or jails should be videotaped and the tapes and reports sent to the NHRC.
- A model autopsy report form was created based on UN guidelines to standardize documentation of findings.
- Factors like rigor mortis and temperature changes must be documented to properly assess time of death.
- Autopsies and magisterial inquiries in custodial death cases must be completed and sent to the NHRC within 2 months. V
A free educational training event was being held for community leaders and members to learn about understanding trauma, its effects, and effective trauma treatment. The all-day event included keynote sessions in the morning and afternoon led by experts on topics like the Adverse Childhood Experience Study, neurobiological changes from toxic stress, and inter-partner violence. Several panel discussions were also scheduled featuring local agencies, survivors of trauma, and professionals discussing trauma in the community and approaches to building a more trauma-informed community.
Traumatology is the science of wounds and injuries. A wound is a disruption of tissues caused by external force, while an injury can also encompass internal damage from heat, cold, chemicals, electricity or radiation. Wounds are generally classified by their cause as blunt force, sharp force, gunshot or other injuries. Blunt force injuries result from impact with a blunt object and include abrasions, bruises and lacerations.
This document discusses infanticide and the signs that indicate whether a newborn child was born alive or dead. It defines terms like infanticide, feticide, neonaticide, stillbirth, and live birth. It describes signs that prove live birth occurred like breathing, crying, or heart activity. Autopsy signs of live birth include lung floatation tests and the presence of meconium or milk in the stomach. The document outlines viability criteria and signs of intrauterine death versus live birth. It discusses laws around infanticide and exceptions. Overall, the document provides forensic context and criteria for determining if a newborn was born alive based on external and internal autopsy examination findings.
This document discusses suicide as a major issue in today's society. It provides statistics showing that suicide rates have been rising, with every 80 seconds someone attempting suicide and every 100 minutes a life lost to suicide. Teen suicide in particular has become a major concern, and social media sometimes glamorizes the idea of suicide. The document explores different theories of suicide and types including egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic suicide. It examines common reasons for suicide such as depression, hopelessness, perfectionism, regrets, trauma, mental illness and bullying. The impact of suicide on families and society is also discussed. The document concludes by providing tips for suicide prevention such as talking to someone, responding quickly in a crisis
Psychiatry– it deals with study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illness.
Forensic psychiatry- application of knowledge of psychiatry
These are the person who are unable to cope with the ordinary social circumstance
The document discusses suicide and suicidal behaviors from various perspectives including definitions, classifications, epidemiology, risk factors, theories and approaches. Some key points:
- Suicide is defined as death caused by self-directed injurious behavior with intent to die. Attempted suicide refers to non-fatal self-harm.
- Worldwide, about 1 million people die by suicide each year, with rates varying greatly between countries and demographics. In India, suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15-29 year olds.
- Risk factors include male gender, family history of suicide, mental illnesses like depression and schizophrenia, substance abuse, physical illness, unemployment, and relationship or financial problems.
-
Insanity
Mind in Psychology
DISORDERS OF COGNITION
DISORDERS OF AFFECT / EMOTIONS
DISORDERS OF CONATION / BODY FUNCTIONS
Classification of Psychiatric disorders ICD -10
LUCID INTERVAL- Psychiatry & Head Injury
Feigned Insanity
Test for determining criminal responsibilities
McNaughton Rules-The right or wrong test)
Durham’s Rule
Curren’s Rule
American law Institute Test
Civil and Criminal responsibility of an insane
Section 84 IPC
MENTAL HEALTHCARE ACT,2017
DISORDERS OF AFFECT / EMOTIONS
DISORDERS OF CONATION / BODY FUNCTIONS
Classification of Psychiatric disorders ICD -10
LUCID INTERVAL- Psychiatry & Head Injury
Feigned Insanity
Test for determining criminal responsibilities
McNaughton Rules-The right or wrong test)
Durham’s Rule
Curren’s Rule
American law Institute Test
Civil and Criminal responsibility of an insane
Section 84 IPC
MENTAL HEALTHCARE ACT,2017
This document discusses infant death and child abuse. It outlines natural and unnatural causes of infant death, including prematurity, infections, and accidental injuries during labor. Criminal causes include strangulation, poisoning, and head injuries. Child abuse is defined as harmful or offensive contact or communication that humiliates, shames or frightens a child. Types of child abuse include physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect. Battered baby syndrome results from repetitive non-accidental violence by parents or guardians, often due to stress, lack of nurturing skills, immaturity or anger issues. Common injuries in abused children include unexplained bruises in various stages of healing, burns, fractures and neurological issues like retinal hemorrhaging. A diagnosis
Overview of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder including diagnostic criteria from ICD-10 and DSM-5, prevalence, course, differential diagnosis, co-morbidity, assessment, risk, prognostic and protective factors, etiology and management.
Professor Afsheen John Radsan reviews, in the context of various memoranda from the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel, the differences between a lawyer’s duty of zealous advocacy (ABA Model Rule 3.1) and the duty of candor in legal advice (ABA Model Rule 2.1).
Medical Whistleblower Canary Notes Newsletter 38 Torture Dec. 2008 Vol...MedicalWhistleblower
What is Torture? This might seem to be a simple question but the sliding slope of mistreatment and abuse makes defining torture a complex legal issue. Torture is defined by the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) June 1987. Article 1 (1) in the following way:
“For the purposes of this Convention, the term "torture" means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity.”
The definition of Torture by the Torture Abolition and Survivors Support Coalition International (TASSC) is as follows:
The document discusses the negative impacts of trout fishing and stocking non-native rainbow trout on the native brook trout population in the Tellico River. It states that hundreds of brook trout are caught each day by fishermen and thousands are caught each month, with the fish being disemboweled or released in a damaged state where they will likely die of starvation. The stocking of non-native rainbow trout, which eat more than the brook trout, leads to starvation of the native species. Catch and release fishing also dooms brook trout to a slow death. The document calls on readers to demand a ban on fishing in the river to help protect the remaining brook trout.
The document discusses the ethics of torture, including definitions of torture in international law and arguments for and against allowing torture. It notes that the Geneva Convention prohibits torture of prisoners of war. Arguments for torture include that it can gain valuable information quickly, while others do it, and that terrorists are not covered by the Geneva Convention. However, arguments against torture are that it is an ineffective method, could lead down a slippery slope, puts captors at risk of reciprocal torture, undermines moral consistency, and degrades a nation's dignity.
The document discusses various forms and examples of torture. It mentions that Article 5 of human rights law prohibits torture and cruel punishment. It provides examples of singers from Oromia who were tortured in an Ethiopian prison for their music. Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq was the site of physical and psychological torture such as rape and homicide according to reports. Various forms of torture are also listed such as genital mutilation, burning, and solitary confinement.
Virtue ethics is an approach to ethics which emphasizes the character of the moral agent, rather than rules or consequences, as the key element of ethical thinking.
Model Presentation Power Point On Human Rightssmuench
The document discusses the issue of human rights violations committed by the US government in its treatment of prisoners. It provides background on the definition of human rights and examples of rights violations happening worldwide. It then focuses on the case study of prisoners tortured and detained by the US at Guantanamo Bay and other sites, resulting in over 100 deaths. Students at the school propose forming a group called "Students for Justice" to raise awareness of this issue and encourage communities to take action to pressure the US government to stop torturing prisoners and uphold human rights.
This document provides information about providing culturally appropriate services to refugee survivors of torture and trauma. It begins with an exercise to define key terms like trauma and torture. Trauma is defined as a stressful event that overwhelms one's coping abilities, while torture is described as intentionally inflicting physical and psychological pain. The document then discusses the refugee experience, including the impacts of culture shock and differences between refugees and migrants. Refugees often flee violently and cannot return home, while migrants plan their relocation. Common psychiatric disorders seen in refugees, such as adjustment disorder and PTSD, are also outlined.
Cultural Emotions Pain, Hate, Fear, Disgust, Shame, Love OllieShoresna
Cultural Emotions:
Pain, Hate, Fear, Disgust, Shame, Love
Ted Manley, Jr. PhD
Cultural Emotion
PAIN
(Meriam Webster)
1 : punishment ·the pains and penalties of crime
2 a : usually localized physical suffering associated with bodily disorder (such as a disease or an injury) ·the pain of a twisted ankle
also : a basic bodily sensation induced by a noxious stimulus, received by naked nerve endings, characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching), and typically leading to evasive action ·the pain of bee stings
b : acute mental or emotional distress or suffering : grief
Sociology of Pain
Pain: A Sociological Introduction, Elaine Denny (2016)
Intersection between biology and culture (Medical Model vs Sociology Model of managing pain)
Much pain is experienced as short lived, and self-limiting or easily treated, but for those individuals who live with long term and intractable pain it can cause disruption of life as it is currently lived and alter their expectations of the future.
Sociological research has, for example, shown how men and women approach and experience pain differently, seeking to explain why women more than men report more long term and disabling pain than men. A strength of a sociological understanding of pain is that it encompasses both the interpretive perspective of the person in pain and the structural factors that influence this, offering an explanation of the way that these intersect.
Cultural Emotion
HATE
(Meriam Webster)
Intense hostility and aversion usually deriving from fear, anger, or sense of injury.
b : extreme dislike or disgust : antipathy, loathing.
The Sociology of Hate
Stereotypes
Cognitive
Prejudice
Affective
Discrimination
Behavioral
Gordon Allport (1954?:1958; 1979): The Nature of Prejudice
“Open-mindedness is considered to be a virtue. But, strictly speaking, it cannot occur. A new experience must be redacted into old categories. We cannot handle each even freshly in its own right (Allport, 1954, p. 19)
5
The Big Three
Three main topics in the psychology of racism: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Stereotypes:
Stereotypes
Stereotypes categorize people according to social factors
Definition: “A cognitive structure that contains the perceiver’s knowledge, beliefs, and expectancies about some human group” (Hamilton & Trolier, 1986, p. 133).
Stereotypes are necessary
The content of stereotypes can be the problem
Outcome
Most insidious stereotypes = create, maintain, or strengthen social hierarchy
Outcomes of racial/ ethnic stereotypes
6
Categorize based on age, gender, social role, physical appearance, or relation to self
Definition: “A cognitive structure that contains the perceiver’s knowledge, beliefs, and expectancies about some human group” (Hamilton & Trolier, 1986, p. 133).
We develop “Naïve theories” of social action (Tajfel & Forgas, 2000)
Used for complex social events that we can’t understand fully
Develop simplistic sy ...
Since the beginning of the year, 60,656 non-EU immigrants landed in Italy, of which 51,596 in Lampedusa and other islands in the Pelagian
.
This presentation afford the definition of human being and Integral Development based on Fernando Rielo's philosophy
This workwas presented during the II Workshop on Medical Anthropology in Rome, on October 14th-15th 2011.
The document discusses suicide from sociological, psychological, and biological perspectives. It provides definitions for key suicide-related terms like suicide attempt, aborted attempt, ideation, and intent. It examines theories on the causes and risk factors of suicide, including sociological theories on social integration and disorganization, psychological theories on mourning/melanchia and accumulated trauma, and biological theories on neurotransmission and genetics. Interpersonal-psychological theory and the diathesis-stress model are described. Methods of assessing suicide risk through clinical evaluation and estimating risk levels are outlined.
This document summarizes information from a presentation on social determinants of health and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It discusses components of health, definitions of mental health and PTSD from WHO, and potential causes of PTSD like domestic violence, natural disasters, war, and media exposure to violence. It also outlines treatments for PTSD and barriers to mental healthcare after war. Key findings from several studies on topics like workplace harassment, discrimination, domestic violence, and effects of disasters on children and communities are summarized as well.
The document discusses social pathology and suicide. It defines social pathology as social factors that increase social disorganization and inhibit personal adjustment. It then discusses Durkheim's sociological theories of suicide, which posit that abnormally high or low levels of social integration can result in increased suicide rates. The rest of the document provides an overview of definitions, historical and global aspects, causes, risk factors, assessment, and prevention of suicide.
This document discusses competing definitions of moral injury from various fields. In philosophy, moral injury involves violating human rights or disrespecting personal integrity. In law, it refers to non-physical harms from tortious acts that cause emotional distress. In psychology, Jonathan Shay and Brett Litz see moral injury as resulting from witnessing or committing acts that go against moral beliefs, leading to a loss of trust and difficulty reconciling experiences with prior moral views. The document seeks to understand moral injury across these domains and their implications for American politics and society.
The document discusses dual diagnosis, which refers to individuals with both mental health and substance abuse issues. It covers several key points:
1) Dual diagnosis is influenced by environmental factors like stress, social support, and drug use that can increase or decrease vulnerability to mental illness.
2) Mental health and substance abuse issues are often linked, as the same stressors that increase mental illness risk can also encourage drug coping strategies.
3) Effective treatment requires a holistic approach that addresses both issues as well as broader social circumstances, rather than just treating symptoms in isolation.
Crime victim are at risk for developing PTSD. Rape trauma syndrome is also known as PTSD. PTSD is not only a veterans condition. PTSD develop after experiencing a traumatic event. Traumatic events may include child abuse, child sex abuse, sexual assault, natural disasters, accidents, or combat trauma. PTSD awareness, education, and early intervention can help survivors of crime from developing PTSD, or chronic long term effects of crime victimization.
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The document provides an outline for a conversation on trauma. It begins with the speaker sharing their own traumatic experiences starting from age 2, including abuse, accidents, and exposure to violence. It then discusses how trauma affects the body and brain according to experts, leading to conditions like PTSD. Trauma can be acute, chronic, complex, or secondary. It impacts parts of the brain involved in stress response. The document recommends treatments like talking about trauma, meditation, and experiences that contradict feelings of helplessness. Later sections discuss the Adverse Childhood Experiences study and how trauma impacts health long-term if not addressed and healed.
Moral injury is a disruption in confidence and expectations about moral behavior that results from acts or experiences that violate conscience during war or other situations of trauma. It differs from PTSD in that it is a reaction of conscience rather than fear. Military training changes a person's moral system to prepare for battle, but experiences in war like killing, failure to save others, or betrayal can disrupt this system and cause feelings like guilt, shame, and alienation. Recovery involves processes like narrative therapy, ritual, service, and community to help restore moral identity and meaning.
This document summarizes key concepts from trauma theory and treatment in multicultural clinical practice, including:
1. It discusses the history of trauma studies and links political movements to advances in understanding conditions like hysteria, shell shock, and PTSD.
2. It describes the three main categories of PTSD symptoms - hyperarousal, intrusion, and constriction - and provides examples of each.
3. It explains how traumatic events can damage attachments and connections to others, family, community, and faith by shattering trust and assumptions about safety. Social support is important for recovery.
4. It defines situations of captivity that involve repeated trauma, such as being unable to flee and under a perpetr
Cultural bound syndromes are clusters of symptoms and behaviors that are specific to particular cultures. This document discusses several cultural bound syndromes found in different parts of the world, including Dhat syndrome and Koro seen commonly in India. It provides descriptions of the symptoms, cultural contexts, and explanations for these syndromes according to the local understandings in each culture. The document also discusses standardized questionnaires like the Cultural Formulation Interview that clinicians can use to understand the cultural factors impacting a patient's presentation and experience of distress.
The document summarizes key information about population and violence. It defines population and violence, and discusses several types of violence including diseases, disasters and mental disorders, gender-based violence, and violence factors and types. It also examines whether violence can be considered a disease and discusses the relationship between disasters and mental disorders. Gender-based violence, its causes and consequences, and prevention are outlined. Statistics about gender-based violence in Bangladesh and worldwide are also presented.
1. The diagnosis and understanding of PTSD has evolved over the past century from its early conceptualization as hysteria, to recognition as a disorder following wartime trauma and later civilian trauma.
2. Lifetime exposure to traumatic events is common, with over 60% of men and over 50% of women experiencing a traumatic event, and lifetime prevalence of PTSD at around 7.8%.
3. Understanding of PTSD has expanded from a focus on male veterans to incorporate women's experiences of domestic and sexual violence and their effects.
4. Rates of mental health diagnoses including PTSD are high in recent veterans, but perceived barriers prevent many from seeking help, with efforts underway to reduce stigma and improve care.
The document discusses anxiety disorders and specific phobia. It defines anxiety as a feeling of apprehension about future danger and fear as an alarm reaction to immediate danger. Specific phobia involves an irrational yet persistent fear of a specific object or situation. The criteria for specific phobia in DSM-5 is outlined, including marked fear or anxiety of the phobic stimulus that is actively avoided. Common subtypes of specific phobias are described such as animals, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, and situational phobias. Prevalence of blood-injection-injury phobia is also noted.
The historical context on abnormal psychology and its background. Abnormal psychology, rooted in ancient civilizations, initially attributed psychological disorders to supernatural forces. The Middle Ages saw a shift towards demonology and religious explanations, while the Renaissance marked the emergence of more humane perspectives. The 19th century witnessed advancements in medical and psychological understanding, paving the way for modern diagnostic approaches in abnormal psychology.
Suicide awareness in the corrections environmentZoey Lovell
This document discusses suicide awareness and prevention in corrections environments. It defines suicide and provides statistics on suicide rates by state and in jails. It identifies chronic and predisposing risk factors for suicide and discusses the jail environment, mental health issues, and behaviors that indicate high risk of suicide. It outlines interventions, assessments, and guiding principles for suicide prevention programs in corrections.
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Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
2. What is……..
Amnesty International
(Report on Torture 1973)
World Medical Association
(Tokyo, 1975)
United Nations Convention
Against Torture (CAT, 1984/
1987)
Physicians for Human Rights
(PHR 2005)
3. Definitions
AI: Systematic & deliberate infliction of pain and suffering by
one person on another
WMA: Deliberate, systematic or wanton infliction of physical
or mental suffering for any reason
UN: severe* pain and suffering, intentionally inflicted for any
reason by a public official based on discrimination
PHR: ‘‘severe mental pain or suffering’’ caused by the threat
of, or actual, administration of ‘‘procedures calculated to
disrupt profoundly the senses or personality’’
(* reintroduced to concept of gradations of pain and suffering)
4. Maltreatment
1971: Used legally for the first time in the European
Court of Human Rights
Decision that interrogation of a prisoner while
blindfolded and deprived of food and sleep was
maltreatment and no torture
5. Collective violence (WHO, 2002)
The context of violence broadened
to include organised violence, such
as during war. violent acts within
and between countries, organised
crime structural violence* that may
not be state perpetrated
*Economic, political or social
discrimination directed at one or
more groups in society
6. To or Not to - 2 types
Leaving physical evidence on the bodies of the tortured has
not troubled those oppressive states where impunity is
widespread and the perpetrators have no reason to fear
prosecution, let alone condemnation, for following what is de
facto state policy.
Other states, have increasingly changed their practices
owing to growing accountability or perhaps to moral or other
pressures and are thus resorting more and more to coercive
psychological methods in their interrogations.
7. “Reasons” for Torture
1) To obtain a confession (“judicial torture”)
2) To obtain information (“interrogational torture”)
3) To punish (“penal torture”)
4) To intimidate or coerce the sufferer or others to act in
certain ways (“terroristic” or “deterrent” torture)
5) To destroy opponents without killing them (what we
may call “disabling torture”)
6) To please the torturer or others (“recreational torture”)
8. Bosses of Torturers
Imagined that they were laying the groundwork for a
civilization that would last a thousand years-that, far from
having to justify themselves for occasional lapses, they
would be celebrated by all posterity for their
achievement.
9. Psychological Torture
Sleep and food deprivation
Isolation
Threats
Witness torture of others
Unpredictability
Nothing to say or do to make it stop
10. Minor….?
constant taunting;
verbal abuse;
intimidations;
insulting the honour of a family member; cultural humiliation
spitting in someone’s lunch container;
petty humiliations (always linked to cultural values); petty
and less petty harassments;
repeated exasperation provoked on purpose;
enforced artificial light 24 hours a day;
lack of privacy exploited purposely to mock sensitivities;
verbal threats of further torment
11. In the head of the interrogated prisoner a haze begins to form. His spirit is
wearied to death, his legs are unsteady, and he has one sole desire, to
sleep, to sleep just a little, not to get up, to lie, to rest, to forget ... Anyone
who has experienced this desire knows that not even hunger or thirst are
comparable with it ... I came across prisoners who signed what they were
ordered to sign, only to get what the interrogator had promised them. He did
not promise them liberty ... [only] uninterrupted sleep! ...
White Nights: The Story of a Prisoner in Russia.
Menachem Begin, Israeli Prime Minister (1977–83)
14. Impact of Torture
Question basic human relationships
Destroy victim’s fundamental assumptions
about
safety of the world,
positive value of self,
meaningful order of creation
Violate autonomy of person
Shatter sense of connection between individual
and community
15. Experience of Torture
Brutality – deliberate, cruel, inhumane treatment from
people in official position of power
Intense fear of harm or death
Subjugation and helplessness
Loss of control over one’s body
Humiliation/degradation
Potential to betray oneself, one’s values
Sense of horror
Utter helplessness, serious injury or the threat of
physical injury or death.
16. Psychological Effects 1
One of the main aims of torture is to destroy the psychological, social
integrity and functioning of the victim
All kinds of torture inevitably comprise psychological processes (Kordon et
al., 1988)
Torture methods are often designed not to leave physical lesions and
physical methods of torture may result in physical findings that either
resolve or lack specificity.
Contrary to the physical effect of torture, the psychological consequences
of torture are often more persistent and troublesome.
Torture can profoundly damage intimate relationships between spouses,
parents, children and other family members, and relation- ships between
the victims and their communities” (Istanbul Protocol, § 235).
17. Psychological Effects 2
In contrary to the physical effects of torture, the
psychological symptoms are much more persistent, as
torture is intended to damage the person’s self esteem and
destroy the person’s trust in fellow humans.
The psychological methods of torture are mostly tailor-
made. and will often include induced exhaustion and
debility through food, water and sleep deprivation
The victims and their families are threatened with death or
they experience sham executions. In other cases the
victims witness the torture of another prisoner or of family
members.
18. Resilience
Torture survivors who believe in a cause are
often more resilient and tolerant.
However, when trauma accumulates beyond
the person’s threshold of resilience, an added
mild or moderate trauma can become “the last
straw that broke the camel’s back,” causing all
previous trauma to come to the forefront.
19. Disorders
Depression and anxiety
Post traumatic stress disorder
Dissociation
Somatic problems – headache, pelvic pain, etc.
Organic brain syndromes
Loss of sense of predictability
Disconnection
Problems in adjustment
Alcohol and drug abuse
20.
21. Enduring personality change
evidence of a definite, significant and persistent change in the
individual's pattern of perceiving, relating, or thinking about the
environment and him/herself, associated with inflexible and
maladaptive behaviours not present before the traumatic
experience
Present for at least two years following exposure to catastrophic
stress
Personal vulnerability not necessary to explain its profound
effect of the personality
This is characterized by a hostile or distrustful attitude towards
the world, social withdrawal, feelings of emptiness or
hopelessness, a chronic feeling of "being on edge" as if
constantly threatened, and estrangement.
22. Sexual dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction is common among survivors of
torture, particularly among those who have suffered
sexual torture or rape, but not exclusively. It can be
linked to depression and post-traumatic stress
disorder, but can be a direct result of an assault.
Hypnotics or alcohol abuse can occur in this
context.
23. sexual abuse of men in
detention in Sri Lanka
THE LANCET • Vol 355 • June 10, 2000
Of the 184 men,
38 (21%) said they had been sexually abused during their detention.
3 (7%) of the 38 said they had been given electric shocks to their
genitals,
26 (68%) had been assaulted on their genitals, and
4(9%) had sticks pushed through the anus, usually with chillies
rubbed on the stick first.
One said he had been forced to masturbate a soldier manually,
3 had been made to masturbate soldiers orally, and
one forced with his friends to rape each other in front of soldiers for
their “entertainment”.
28. Doctors in Sri Lanka
There was a punishment during the
time of the Sinhalese kings, namely,
two arecanut posts are erected, the
two posts are then drawn toward
each other with a rope, then tie each
of the feet of the offender to each
post and then cut the rope which
result in the tearing apart the body.
These people also should be
punished in the same way.....
MP for Panadura (Dr. Neville
Fernando)
29.
30. “The realists,”
Defend torture
because (they say) it is
in fact often useful in a
world as dangerous as
this one. They defend it
not as a rare act but as
a practice or institution.
Michael Davis
31. Punishment? Michael Davis
1. punishment presupposes rationality. The insane, children, and other
mental incompetents are exempt from (legal) punishment (as least
while their incompetence lasts).Torture requires only sentience.
2. punishment recognizes the condemned as retaining certain rights
(especially, the right to be treated as a human person).
3. punishment has a limit the condemned knows as well as those who
execute sentence. Even someone condemned to be drawn and
quartered, for example, knows that he will not be flogged or branded.
4. punishment does not seek to break the condemned (though it may in
fact do so). Unlike torture, punishment does not take full advantage of
the condemned’s helplessness.
33. Introduction
Who scheduled the assessment,
Why it was scheduled,
What will be involved in the assessment,
What feedback will be given to the person
Where else the results may be presented,
Any limits to confidentiality, and what impact the
results may have on life.
34. Assessment
Respect and empathy may help in determining the consistency of
allegations.
Attentive listening is more important than asking the right questions
when assessing allegations.
Traumatized individuals are often passive, shy and non-assertive.
They find it painful to describe their trauma and may therefore,
understandably, refrain from a detailed description.
A prisoner who has been subjected to violence may have many
reasons not to volunteer this information.
Necessary to establish a secure relationship at the outset
Feelings of self-blame and guilt are common in victims,
Evaluation of the impact of torture on the family system, the family
dynamics and on the other members of the family (Kira, 2002).
35. Assessment 2
Because of the nature of trauma symptoms, it cannot be expected that
the whole history of the traumatic event, or all the symptoms will be
elicited in one interview.
The memories are per definition fragmented, and the impossibility to
recollect important details of the event are part of the syndrome.
Also, the strong feelings connected to the memories can cause pain
and re-traumatization. When only one interview is possible it is
important to realize these limitations.
One should not try to pressure a traumatized person to describe
details of the trauma if he/she does not seem up to it, or seems to be
in pain.
In a long and detailed monologue on the trauma, the interviewer has
the obligation to limit the flow of narration, because such flooding can
also cause deterioration.
36. Istanbul Protocol
• Identification of alleged victim and conditions of
evaluation
• Detailed account of allegations, including torture
methods and physical and psychological
symptoms
• Record of physical and psychological findings
• Interpretation of findings and recommendations
• Identification and signature of the medical
expert(s).
38. Helping Survivors of
Torture
Under-recognition by healthcare workers of torture survivors is the
norm,and disclosure occurs in only a minority of cases, and rarely at
first meeting.
Crosby SS, Norredam M, Paasche-Orlow MK, et al.
The context of torture, is very important and the meanings of the
experience differ enormously among torture survivors, from feelings
of defeat and despair to pride
Social, financial, occupational and relational consequences
(McFarlane 2012)
Psychiatric assessment and treatment of survivors of torture
Richard M. Duffy, Brendan D. Kelly
BJPsych Advances Mar 2015, 21 (2) 106-115;
39. • authority figures
• electrical appliances
• medical investigations
or procedures
• interviews resembling
interrogations
• police officers / military
personnel
• people that resemble
the torturers in some
way
• police cars
• crowded places
• staying alone at home
• news about violence
• Objects, smells, tastes,
tactile sensations that
act as reminders of
torture experience
• Feared or distressing
situations
Feared or distressing situations
in torture survivors
40. Cognitive Strategies to
Block
Reflexively Dismissing All Evidence As Questionable,
Incomplete, Misleading, False, Or In Some Other Way
Inadequate
Using Euphemism, Abstraction, and other Linguistic
Transformations
Turning Away: "I'm not involved," "There is nothing I can
do about it," "I have no authority, jurisdiction, power, or
influence," "This is no concern of mine," etc.
41. Negative Responses
Try to prevent the client from telling
extremely interested and push for details
label as torture victim
It is crucial to address the victim's fear carefully, realistically, and in a way
that offers maximum safety and security
Clinicians may feel that they too are in danger because of their work with
the victim.
Survivor guilt or a regret at not having previously acknowledged and
addressed more actively the practice of torture. These feelings may be
intensified when the clinician's government was involved,
clinician's political beliefs or personal agenda to interfere with the ability to
listen carefully and accurately Pope and Garcia-Peltoniemi (1991)
43. Testimonial
Privacy and secrecy of torture not
only intensified the psychological
pain and isolation of the prisoner
but also made easier subsequent
reports by the authorities that the
prisoner "slipped off a piece of
soap, fell and died"
Stephen Biko
44. The Healing Process Involves
Relearning to trust
Regaining self and personal dignity
Having the chance to talk about what
happened
Learning about the symptoms of trauma
Grieving the losses- physical, psychological
or community
Accepting and adapting to disabilities
45. Future
Following conflicts, opportunities to rethink and redesign
health systems may be present. Reaching agreement
about the values underlying the system, including the
extent to which equity will be promoted, is crucial.
A B Zwi, S Fustukian, J Chauvin
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Canadian Public Health Association