1. The document provides an overview of West's Topic and Key Number System which is used to organize case law into topics and assign key numbers to points of law discussed in cases.
2. Key numbers allow attorneys to find all other cases that discuss the same point of law by searching digests which compile headnotes from cases by topic and key number.
3. The Topic and Key Number System divides the law into over 400 topics that are further divided into over 100,000 specific key numbers to provide an extensive outline of and index to U.S. case law.
The document provides an overview of secondary legal sources including the American Law Reports (ALR), legal encyclopedias such as American Jurisprudence and Corpus Juris Secundum, restatements of the law, legal periodicals, texts, law dictionaries, and uniform laws. It explains that secondary sources explain and interpret primary law but are never binding. It also discusses how to use and update sources such as ALR articles.
The document provides an overview of statutory research, outlining the legislative process, anatomy of statutes, and methods for conducting print and online statutory research. It discusses how bills become laws and are incorporated into statutory codes, the structure and features of annotated statutes, and techniques for updating and expanding statutory research using tools like KeyCite and legislative history. The document is intended as an instructional aid for understanding and navigating the complex world of statutory law.
The Key Number Digests contain the headnotes (digest paragraphs) and their corresponding topic and key numbers from every case in the National Reporter System.
KeyCite is a tool for checking the status of cases, statutes, and other legal authorities. It allows users to see if an authority is still good law, find other cases or materials that have cited the authority, and monitor authorities for future changes. KeyCite provides comprehensive histories and citing references for cases and statutes. It uses symbols and graphical displays to quickly convey the legal status and precedential value of authorities. KeyCite Alert monitors selected authorities and notifies users of any changes that may impact the authority's validity.
This document provides an overview of the legal research process and outlines key steps to take when conducting legal research using print and online resources. It begins with an introduction noting that legal research requires creativity and judgment. The document then covers translating facts into legal issues, identifying relevant statutes and case law, and expanding one's research. It emphasizes that legal research is iterative and may involve exploring different resources and paths. The document uses a hypothetical example involving an employee assault to illustrate the legal research process.
This document provides guidance on researching sociology of law topics using library and online resources. It outlines key sources for finding legislation, bills, debates, and news coverage of legal issues in Canada. These include databases for newspaper indexes and parliamentary documents, as well as guides for citing legal sources. The document then describes in detail how to search for federal and Ontario laws, bills, debates, committees, interest groups, and legislative histories using resources like LEGISinfo, parliamentary websites, and print statutes and indexes. Tips are provided for searching across time periods and refining searches by jurisdiction, topic, and timeframe.
This document provides an overview of statutory research, including the sources and processes for federal and state statutes. It discusses the hierarchy of statutes and their relationship to case law. The key federal statutory sources are bills, the Congressional Record, Statutes at Large, the United States Code, and annotated codes. Legislative history materials like committee reports and floor debates can help interpret statutes. Maintaining currency requires checking pocket parts and advance sheets for new cases and laws.
The document discusses using case digests for legal research. It explains that case digests organize case headnotes by topic and key number. When researching, lawyers can use descriptive word indexes to identify relevant topics and key numbers, then look up those key numbers in digests to find other similar cases. The document provides examples to illustrate how topics, key numbers, and digests are structured and can be used in the legal research process.
The document provides an overview of secondary legal sources including the American Law Reports (ALR), legal encyclopedias such as American Jurisprudence and Corpus Juris Secundum, restatements of the law, legal periodicals, texts, law dictionaries, and uniform laws. It explains that secondary sources explain and interpret primary law but are never binding. It also discusses how to use and update sources such as ALR articles.
The document provides an overview of statutory research, outlining the legislative process, anatomy of statutes, and methods for conducting print and online statutory research. It discusses how bills become laws and are incorporated into statutory codes, the structure and features of annotated statutes, and techniques for updating and expanding statutory research using tools like KeyCite and legislative history. The document is intended as an instructional aid for understanding and navigating the complex world of statutory law.
The Key Number Digests contain the headnotes (digest paragraphs) and their corresponding topic and key numbers from every case in the National Reporter System.
KeyCite is a tool for checking the status of cases, statutes, and other legal authorities. It allows users to see if an authority is still good law, find other cases or materials that have cited the authority, and monitor authorities for future changes. KeyCite provides comprehensive histories and citing references for cases and statutes. It uses symbols and graphical displays to quickly convey the legal status and precedential value of authorities. KeyCite Alert monitors selected authorities and notifies users of any changes that may impact the authority's validity.
This document provides an overview of the legal research process and outlines key steps to take when conducting legal research using print and online resources. It begins with an introduction noting that legal research requires creativity and judgment. The document then covers translating facts into legal issues, identifying relevant statutes and case law, and expanding one's research. It emphasizes that legal research is iterative and may involve exploring different resources and paths. The document uses a hypothetical example involving an employee assault to illustrate the legal research process.
This document provides guidance on researching sociology of law topics using library and online resources. It outlines key sources for finding legislation, bills, debates, and news coverage of legal issues in Canada. These include databases for newspaper indexes and parliamentary documents, as well as guides for citing legal sources. The document then describes in detail how to search for federal and Ontario laws, bills, debates, committees, interest groups, and legislative histories using resources like LEGISinfo, parliamentary websites, and print statutes and indexes. Tips are provided for searching across time periods and refining searches by jurisdiction, topic, and timeframe.
This document provides an overview of statutory research, including the sources and processes for federal and state statutes. It discusses the hierarchy of statutes and their relationship to case law. The key federal statutory sources are bills, the Congressional Record, Statutes at Large, the United States Code, and annotated codes. Legislative history materials like committee reports and floor debates can help interpret statutes. Maintaining currency requires checking pocket parts and advance sheets for new cases and laws.
The document discusses using case digests for legal research. It explains that case digests organize case headnotes by topic and key number. When researching, lawyers can use descriptive word indexes to identify relevant topics and key numbers, then look up those key numbers in digests to find other similar cases. The document provides examples to illustrate how topics, key numbers, and digests are structured and can be used in the legal research process.
Research Refresher: Statutes & Legislative Historydukelawreference
This document provides an overview of how to research federal statutes and locate related legislative history materials. It begins with an explanation of the legislative process and how bills become laws. It then discusses how statutes are published in various sources like slip laws, session laws, and codes. The document provides guidance on searching and navigating legal databases to find statutes and related cases. It also offers methods for locating legislative history documents through compiled sources, tables of contents, and indexes. Tips are included for researching state legislative materials as well.
Federal administrative law research (manual)Dittakavi Rao
Federal administrative law governs regulations created by federal agencies. Congress establishes agencies and gives them power to create rules with the force of law. Regulations are published in the Federal Register and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations. The Administrative Procedure Act established procedures for rulemaking and judicial review. Regulations must be researched along with statutes. Loose-leaf services provide up-to-date agency rules, decisions, and secondary sources to fully understand administrative law.
This document provides an overview of researching case law. It discusses how cases are reported in law reports and transcripts, deciphering case citations, and how to find cases in print and online using databases like Westlaw and LexisLibrary. The tutorial aims to help new legal researchers understand law report hierarchies, abbreviations in citations, and how to locate specific cases using the citation information. It includes short tasks for practicing locating cases using the library catalogue and online databases.
This document provides an overview of researching U.S. legal sources. It outlines the U.S. court system and discusses secondary sources like American Jurisprudence 2d and American Law Reports. It also explains how to find and understand U.S. case citations and search for case law on Westlaw, Lexis, and free sources. Additionally, the document reviews searching for U.S. federal and state legislation on annotated codes and free sources like Cornell's LII.
This document discusses various types of secondary legal sources including online research guides, directories, American Law Reports (ALR), looseleafs, periodicals, treatises, encyclopedias, form books, and restatements. It provides details on how to access and use each source and notes that while secondary sources should generally not be cited, there are rare exceptions such as when the legal question is novel or controversial.
This document provides a tutorial on how to find Acts of Parliament. It discusses deciphering citations for Acts, finding the most recent version of an Act in print or online, and the extra information different sources can provide. The tutorial explains how to use sources like Halsbury's Statutes, Westlaw, and legislation.gov.uk to find Acts and compares what each resource offers. It aims to help the reader choose the best source depending on their needs and whether they require up-to-date, historical or international versions of Acts.
This document discusses the importance of researching the law for criminal justice professionals. It outlines several types of legal sources, including popular literature, professional literature, scholarly journals, primary sources like statutes and constitutions, and secondary sources like legal encyclopedias and treatises. Key legal research tools like legal citations, case briefing, Shepardizing cases, and computerized legal research are also summarized.
This document discusses sources of tax law including the Internal Revenue Code, court rulings, Treasury regulations, and IRS publications and rulemaking. It outlines major tax research publications from RIA, CCH, and BNA that contain primary sources of tax law and guidance for practitioners. These publications organize and index the extensive materials in order to efficiently research tax issues.
This document provides information about Hansard, the official record of proceedings in the UK Parliament. It details that Hansard contains word-for-word transcripts of debates in the House of Commons and House of Lords. It also explains how to access and search Hansard on the UK Parliament website to find debates, bills, and statements by date, politician, or keyword. The document gives guidance on finding transcripts related to specific acts by browsing committee debates and using the index by topic.
This document provides an introduction to legal sources and materials. It discusses primary sources, which are the original sources of law, including constitutions, legislation, law reports, government gazettes, and treaties. It also discusses secondary sources, which are not formal records of law but provide context, such as reference sources, textbooks, loose-leaf publications, law journals, and yearbooks. The document provides examples of these primary and secondary sources for South African law and how to find them in the law library, including using indexes to locate statutes and cases. It also reviews how to understand legal citations and retrieve information from tools like indexes, digests, and current awareness services.
The document summarizes key aspects of the U.S. legal system including:
1) The primary sources of law are common law, constitutional law, statutory law, and administrative law.
2) The court system is divided into state and federal levels, with trial courts, appellate courts, and the Supreme Court at the federal level.
3) Legal resources include primary sources like constitutions, statutes, and court rulings, as well as secondary sources like law reviews and journals that examine and discuss the law.
This presentation was given to the Masters class for Intellectual Property Law in order to familiarise themselves with the UCT Law Library, its staff, procedures and policies and its resources. It gives an overview of the different resources, with short how-tos included on their use.
This training is presented to first year law students to familiarise them with legal resources available at UCT. The training covers how to access the different resources and conduct basic searches.
Practical Legal Research training presented to the Legal Practice, Integrated Assessment Program and Final Year classes at the UCT Law Faculty. It covers various legal research skills, including the research process for practical legal problems.
This guide provides an overview of the steps and resources for non-lawyers to research a legal problem themselves. It recommends beginning by clearly stating the legal question, determining the relevant jurisdiction, and understanding common legal citations. Key resources include self-help books, legal encyclopedias, codes, court rules and cases. The order of resources presented generally moves from broader overview sources to more specific primary legal authorities that may directly address the problem. Public and law libraries provide access to both print and online versions of these materials.
Ll Ms Intro To Us Legal Sources 2008 Revd 9 24toddito76
This document provides an introduction to primary and secondary sources of U.S. law for LL.M students. It summarizes the three main types of primary law: statutory law (codes and annotated codes), case law (common law system where case opinions are primary), and administrative law (rules from agencies). It also lists some common secondary sources that analyze and explain the law, such as legal encyclopedias, treatises, hornbooks, nutshells, and law reviews. Contact information is provided for the law library reference staff for any additional questions.
Federal Statutes, Codes, & Regulations: LexisNexis Academicstaffordlibrary
The document provides instructions for searching Federal Statutes, Codes, and Regulations on LexisNexis. It outlines how to search the Annotated U.S. Code by citation or keyword, search Public Laws by name or Public Law Number, and search the Code of Federal Regulations by citation or keyword. Search results will return the full text of the relevant statute, law, or regulation.
The document provides an overview of West's Topic and Key Number System, which organizes case law into topics and key numbers to facilitate legal research. It describes how headnotes are assigned key numbers in the system and how key number digests collect headnotes by topic and key number. It also offers guidance on finding relevant key numbers and using them to locate additional case law.
Protecting intellectual property is your most important task. Be sure you’ve covered all the bases with an exhaustive collection of secondary sources featuring deep analysis and frequently cited sources on copyright, patent
and trade secrets law. Whether you are procuring, enforcing or monetizing intellectual property rights, you will find expert guidance and forms to help
you practice with confidence. Tap into the court-cited publications and actual practice experience of leading attorney authors.
VISIT: https://store.lexisnexis.com/site/intellectual-property
Access exclusive titles on all areas of intellectual property practice to gain a foundation for any task and find insight on emerging legal issues.
• Protect your client’s copyrights with the leading treatise on U.S. copyright law, Nimmer on Copyright®, cited in over 3,500 court opinions including
citations by every federal court of appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court.
• Fully understand patent law doctrines from the recognized authority and most frequently cited treatise on U.S. patent law since its initial publication
in 1978, Chisum on Patents.
• Safeguard vulnerable trade secrets with strategies from the unrivaled authority on trade secrets law, cited more than 200 times by federal and state courts, Milgrim on Trade Secrets®.
• Efficiently secure and litigate trademark rights with complete and clear explanation of trademark practice and over 450 forms with guidance from
Gilson on Trademarks.
• Successfully navigate obtaining intellectual property rights, litigation before all intellectual property dispute forums, licensing and more with titles such as Patent Office Rules and Practice, Horwitz on Patent Litigation,
Intellectual Property Counseling and Litigation, Milgrim on Licensing, Bensen on Patent Licensing Transactions and many more.
• Enter new geographic markets with sources such as Baxter World Patent Law, Horwitz World Trademark Practice and other titles on foreign practice.
• Stay abreast of new developments and recent events in copyright, patent and trademark litigation affecting your clients with Mealey’s® Litigation Reports.
Browse this catalog to review and update your legal library and choose from our expansive collection of intellectual property treatises. Also check out the
New Title section on lexisnexis.com/LexisSource—your source for publishing
updates regarding legal analysis, rules, legal news and much more.
Research Refresher: Statutes & Legislative Historydukelawreference
This document provides an overview of how to research federal statutes and locate related legislative history materials. It begins with an explanation of the legislative process and how bills become laws. It then discusses how statutes are published in various sources like slip laws, session laws, and codes. The document provides guidance on searching and navigating legal databases to find statutes and related cases. It also offers methods for locating legislative history documents through compiled sources, tables of contents, and indexes. Tips are included for researching state legislative materials as well.
Federal administrative law research (manual)Dittakavi Rao
Federal administrative law governs regulations created by federal agencies. Congress establishes agencies and gives them power to create rules with the force of law. Regulations are published in the Federal Register and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations. The Administrative Procedure Act established procedures for rulemaking and judicial review. Regulations must be researched along with statutes. Loose-leaf services provide up-to-date agency rules, decisions, and secondary sources to fully understand administrative law.
This document provides an overview of researching case law. It discusses how cases are reported in law reports and transcripts, deciphering case citations, and how to find cases in print and online using databases like Westlaw and LexisLibrary. The tutorial aims to help new legal researchers understand law report hierarchies, abbreviations in citations, and how to locate specific cases using the citation information. It includes short tasks for practicing locating cases using the library catalogue and online databases.
This document provides an overview of researching U.S. legal sources. It outlines the U.S. court system and discusses secondary sources like American Jurisprudence 2d and American Law Reports. It also explains how to find and understand U.S. case citations and search for case law on Westlaw, Lexis, and free sources. Additionally, the document reviews searching for U.S. federal and state legislation on annotated codes and free sources like Cornell's LII.
This document discusses various types of secondary legal sources including online research guides, directories, American Law Reports (ALR), looseleafs, periodicals, treatises, encyclopedias, form books, and restatements. It provides details on how to access and use each source and notes that while secondary sources should generally not be cited, there are rare exceptions such as when the legal question is novel or controversial.
This document provides a tutorial on how to find Acts of Parliament. It discusses deciphering citations for Acts, finding the most recent version of an Act in print or online, and the extra information different sources can provide. The tutorial explains how to use sources like Halsbury's Statutes, Westlaw, and legislation.gov.uk to find Acts and compares what each resource offers. It aims to help the reader choose the best source depending on their needs and whether they require up-to-date, historical or international versions of Acts.
This document discusses the importance of researching the law for criminal justice professionals. It outlines several types of legal sources, including popular literature, professional literature, scholarly journals, primary sources like statutes and constitutions, and secondary sources like legal encyclopedias and treatises. Key legal research tools like legal citations, case briefing, Shepardizing cases, and computerized legal research are also summarized.
This document discusses sources of tax law including the Internal Revenue Code, court rulings, Treasury regulations, and IRS publications and rulemaking. It outlines major tax research publications from RIA, CCH, and BNA that contain primary sources of tax law and guidance for practitioners. These publications organize and index the extensive materials in order to efficiently research tax issues.
This document provides information about Hansard, the official record of proceedings in the UK Parliament. It details that Hansard contains word-for-word transcripts of debates in the House of Commons and House of Lords. It also explains how to access and search Hansard on the UK Parliament website to find debates, bills, and statements by date, politician, or keyword. The document gives guidance on finding transcripts related to specific acts by browsing committee debates and using the index by topic.
This document provides an introduction to legal sources and materials. It discusses primary sources, which are the original sources of law, including constitutions, legislation, law reports, government gazettes, and treaties. It also discusses secondary sources, which are not formal records of law but provide context, such as reference sources, textbooks, loose-leaf publications, law journals, and yearbooks. The document provides examples of these primary and secondary sources for South African law and how to find them in the law library, including using indexes to locate statutes and cases. It also reviews how to understand legal citations and retrieve information from tools like indexes, digests, and current awareness services.
The document summarizes key aspects of the U.S. legal system including:
1) The primary sources of law are common law, constitutional law, statutory law, and administrative law.
2) The court system is divided into state and federal levels, with trial courts, appellate courts, and the Supreme Court at the federal level.
3) Legal resources include primary sources like constitutions, statutes, and court rulings, as well as secondary sources like law reviews and journals that examine and discuss the law.
This presentation was given to the Masters class for Intellectual Property Law in order to familiarise themselves with the UCT Law Library, its staff, procedures and policies and its resources. It gives an overview of the different resources, with short how-tos included on their use.
This training is presented to first year law students to familiarise them with legal resources available at UCT. The training covers how to access the different resources and conduct basic searches.
Practical Legal Research training presented to the Legal Practice, Integrated Assessment Program and Final Year classes at the UCT Law Faculty. It covers various legal research skills, including the research process for practical legal problems.
This guide provides an overview of the steps and resources for non-lawyers to research a legal problem themselves. It recommends beginning by clearly stating the legal question, determining the relevant jurisdiction, and understanding common legal citations. Key resources include self-help books, legal encyclopedias, codes, court rules and cases. The order of resources presented generally moves from broader overview sources to more specific primary legal authorities that may directly address the problem. Public and law libraries provide access to both print and online versions of these materials.
Ll Ms Intro To Us Legal Sources 2008 Revd 9 24toddito76
This document provides an introduction to primary and secondary sources of U.S. law for LL.M students. It summarizes the three main types of primary law: statutory law (codes and annotated codes), case law (common law system where case opinions are primary), and administrative law (rules from agencies). It also lists some common secondary sources that analyze and explain the law, such as legal encyclopedias, treatises, hornbooks, nutshells, and law reviews. Contact information is provided for the law library reference staff for any additional questions.
Federal Statutes, Codes, & Regulations: LexisNexis Academicstaffordlibrary
The document provides instructions for searching Federal Statutes, Codes, and Regulations on LexisNexis. It outlines how to search the Annotated U.S. Code by citation or keyword, search Public Laws by name or Public Law Number, and search the Code of Federal Regulations by citation or keyword. Search results will return the full text of the relevant statute, law, or regulation.
The document provides an overview of West's Topic and Key Number System, which organizes case law into topics and key numbers to facilitate legal research. It describes how headnotes are assigned key numbers in the system and how key number digests collect headnotes by topic and key number. It also offers guidance on finding relevant key numbers and using them to locate additional case law.
Protecting intellectual property is your most important task. Be sure you’ve covered all the bases with an exhaustive collection of secondary sources featuring deep analysis and frequently cited sources on copyright, patent
and trade secrets law. Whether you are procuring, enforcing or monetizing intellectual property rights, you will find expert guidance and forms to help
you practice with confidence. Tap into the court-cited publications and actual practice experience of leading attorney authors.
VISIT: https://store.lexisnexis.com/site/intellectual-property
Access exclusive titles on all areas of intellectual property practice to gain a foundation for any task and find insight on emerging legal issues.
• Protect your client’s copyrights with the leading treatise on U.S. copyright law, Nimmer on Copyright®, cited in over 3,500 court opinions including
citations by every federal court of appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court.
• Fully understand patent law doctrines from the recognized authority and most frequently cited treatise on U.S. patent law since its initial publication
in 1978, Chisum on Patents.
• Safeguard vulnerable trade secrets with strategies from the unrivaled authority on trade secrets law, cited more than 200 times by federal and state courts, Milgrim on Trade Secrets®.
• Efficiently secure and litigate trademark rights with complete and clear explanation of trademark practice and over 450 forms with guidance from
Gilson on Trademarks.
• Successfully navigate obtaining intellectual property rights, litigation before all intellectual property dispute forums, licensing and more with titles such as Patent Office Rules and Practice, Horwitz on Patent Litigation,
Intellectual Property Counseling and Litigation, Milgrim on Licensing, Bensen on Patent Licensing Transactions and many more.
• Enter new geographic markets with sources such as Baxter World Patent Law, Horwitz World Trademark Practice and other titles on foreign practice.
• Stay abreast of new developments and recent events in copyright, patent and trademark litigation affecting your clients with Mealey’s® Litigation Reports.
Browse this catalog to review and update your legal library and choose from our expansive collection of intellectual property treatises. Also check out the
New Title section on lexisnexis.com/LexisSource—your source for publishing
updates regarding legal analysis, rules, legal news and much more.
This tutorial provides an overview of how to perform legal research on WestlawNext, including:
- Case law searching to find relevant cases through natural language searches or by citation
- Statutory searching to find statutes using citations or browsing a table of contents
- Using the West Key Number System to locate applicable key numbers that summarize legal topics and issues
- Checking whether cases or statutes remain good law using KeyCite on WestlawNext
- American Law Reports (ALR) to find in-depth analyses of specific legal issues and related case law from all jurisdictions
This document provides an overview and agenda for an introduction to law course. It discusses the following key points:
1) The sources and nature of law including common law, constitutions, statutes, regulations and cases. It also outlines the different types of law - criminal, civil, and administrative.
2) Jurisprudential philosophies on what law is and the relationship between law and morality. Views discussed include law as sovereign command, law requiring a moral basis, and the importance of enforcement.
3) How the law is applied considering both black letter law and moral interpretations, with the strength of moral conviction and ambiguity of law determining outcomes.
4) An overview of topics to be covered in
This document provides an overview and agenda for an introduction to law course. It discusses the following key points:
1) The sources and nature of law including common law, constitutions, statutes, regulations and cases. It also discusses different types of law such as criminal, civil, and administrative law.
2) Jurisprudential philosophies on what law is and the relationship between law and morality. Views discussed include law as sovereign command, law requiring a moral basis, and the importance of enforcement.
3) How the law is applied including evaluating both the black letter law and moral considerations, with less clear law relying more on moral standards and stronger moral convictions more likely determining outcomes.
4)
The document provides an outline for a law lecture covering topics such as the legal framework, court hierarchy, case law precedent, and legal problem solving techniques. It discusses the dual legal system of federal and state courts, with the High Court of Australia being the final court of appeal. It also covers the adversary system, interaction of legislation and case law, and the IRAC method for analyzing legal problems. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like case citations, using precedent, and applying the IRAC structure.
Take the plunge into the world of intellectual property. Find out how to do patentability searches, litigation research, and state-of-the-art-searches.
Slide 1 Research Assignment LAW00004 Company Law s.docxbudabrooks46239
Slide
1 Research Assignment
LAW00004 Company Law
session 2 2015
Slide
2
Research Assignment
Weighting: 50%
Due Date: 18th August 2015
Submission method: turnitin
Length: 2400 words
The headings, footnotes, bibliography
& coversheet do not form part of the word count.
Slide
3 Research Assignment
Go to blackboard –
Research Assignment Details
Slide
4 Marking Criteria
The assignment will be marked according to the
following criteria:
• Research (40%)
• Analysis (50%)
• Technical aspects (10%)
Go to the assessment details on blackboard.
Slide
5 Research Assignment
Assignment Structure
• Introduction
• body and
• conclusion.
Slide
6 Research Assignment
• The focus is on the terms ‘good faith’ and ‘proper
purpose’ as they are used together in the
Corporations Act 2001 (Cth).
• In particular — the use of ‘good faith’ and ‘proper
purpose’ as used in the composite term “good
faith for a proper purpose”.
• Give 3 examples to demonstrate the term as a
corporate governance mechanism
Slide
7 Research Assignment
Consider using subheadings to identify to the
reader (and importantly the marker) what you
are discussing. For example
• Introduction
• ‘Good faith for a proper purpose’.
• Three examples as corporate governance
mechanisms
• Conclusion
Slide
8 Research Assignment
• As the name ‘research Assignment’ suggests
your discussion and analysis should be
supported by a depth of research.
• Important: note the marking criteria.
• To avoid plagiarism you will need to cite the
source of the information.
• You are expected to cite the research, including
cases that discuss the term
Slide
9 **Read the Assignment Topic carefully.
• Note the specific requirements: in particular the
words ‘With reference to the above statement,
case law and the Corporations legislation’
• Do not forget about the assignment statement.
• Focus on Australian law (but English law could
also be relevant).
Slide
10
Research
• The main focus of you discussion should be on
explaining the term ‘good faith for a proper purpose"
• Your research should include cases and
commentary.
• Case law assists to demonstrate the legal
principles.
• The commentary should include text books and
journal articles.
• Avoid writing out large extracts from the legislation.
• Avoid writing out large extracts from the cases.
• Use cases & material to support your own
discussion
Slide
11 'Research Assignment’ –
Case Law
• Aim at discussing ‘case law’ under each of the
examples used.
• Case law will assist to demonstrate your
understanding and explanation of the terms
‘good faith” & “proper purpose“ and its role as a
corporate governance mechanism.
• The term ‘case law’ includes general law cases
and cases that interpret the relevant statutory
provisions.
Slide
12 'Research Assignment’ – case law
• You are not expected to .
Westlaw for the_practitioner_complete_show2jzahrndt
The document provides an overview of the various types of databases available on Westlaw that can assist paralegals in their work. It describes databases containing legal forms, practice guides, litigation materials, news sources, and public records. It provides examples of specific databases in each category and how they can be searched or tools used to locate relevant information within the databases. The document is intended to familiarize paralegal students with the resources on Westlaw that will be useful to them as practicing paralegals.
This document provides an overview of searching case law, statutes, and secondary sources on WestlawNext. It discusses how to search using natural language or Boolean operators, filter search results, analyze whether cases are still good law, and utilize the West Key Number System to efficiently research topics. The document also demonstrates how to browse statutes, find related cases that have cited or applied a key case, and determine the negative treatment of cases to assess if they remain valid law.
LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH FOR LAWYERS.pptxs59j8j6fjd
This document provides an overview of legal research and writing. It defines legal research as the systematic investigation of concepts and sources of law to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Legal writing generally refers to analyzing facts and presenting legal arguments in memos and briefs. The document outlines primary sources of law such as the Constitution of Kenya, statutes, judicial precedent, and common law principles. Secondary sources include articles, journals, books, and theses. It emphasizes that legal research enables students to write well-researched papers, brief cases, and answer problem questions by applying the law. The document also covers basics of legal writing, elements of research, legal citation, and plagiarism.
Case law is created by judgments in courts and establishes legal precedent. Only some cases are reported in law reports, which are organized hierarchically. Case citations identify judgments, while citators update whether judgments remain good law. Key methods to find case law include searching by party name or subject in print sources like the Digest or online databases, then checking citators to determine a judgment's current authority.
This document discusses legal research sources and methods. It covers print and electronic case reporters, digests, citators, and finding cases. Specifically, it explains the differences between slip opinions, advance sheets, and bound reporters. It also outlines the West key number system used to categorize cases in print digests and describes how to update print digest information using pocket parts and supplements. Finally, it provides an overview of using online digests and finding cases through electronic databases.
This document provides an introduction to researching case law. It discusses how cases are reported in a hierarchy of law reports and publications. It explains how to understand case citations, decipher parties in civil and criminal cases, and use abbreviations to find relevant law reports. The document demonstrates how to locate case reports both physically in a library and online using databases like Westlaw and LexisNexis. It concludes with short tasks for readers to develop their case research skills.
This document summarizes the various sources for Pennsylvania case law and statutory law. It outlines the major appellate case reporters for PA, including the Commonwealth, Superior, and State reporters. It also discusses county and side reporters. It provides details on finding statutes in Purdon's Pennsylvania Statutes and the consolidated statutes. It lists some agencies that publish administrative decisions and where to find attorney general opinions.
Week 1 - Introduction and the Canadian Legal System (1)(1).pptxMariaPatino16
This document provides an introduction to the Canadian legal system. It discusses key topics including the sources of Canadian law such as legislation, common law, and the Quebec Civil Code. It outlines the hierarchy of courts in Canada and explains the roles of Parliament, legislatures, and courts. It also distinguishes between public law, private law, criminal law, and civil law. The document introduces important constitutional concepts like the division of powers between federal and provincial governments. Finally, it discusses the role of precedent in common law and how legislation and administrative tribunals fit within Canada's legal framework.
Paralegal's Guide to the Methodology of Effective Legal ResearchMichael Kaiser, JD.
Presented by Michael Kaiser to a national audience on October 25, 2011, on behalf of the Institute for Paralegal Education.
Mr. Kaiser, founder of the Kaiser Legal Group, is a consultant and mediator. He also regularly speaks at the law school level and at Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminars for attorneys. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from the University of Washington and his Juris Doctor from Seattle University. You may contact him at 206-660-2858 or Michael.Kaiser@Kaiser-LegalGroup.org.
This document provides an overview of patent analysis, including:
- The linear model of innovation and Stokes's diagram that show the innovation process.
- A brief history of patents from the 15th century to modern patent systems and laws.
- Reasons why patent analysis is important for various stakeholders.
- Types of patent searches that can be conducted including patentability, freedom to operate, prior art, and infringement searches.
- Examples of famous patent infringement cases.
- How patent data can be used for bibliometric analysis of topics like national innovation productivity.
Similar to Topic & key_numbers_complete_show2 (20)
The document provides instructions on how to operate an iPad, including how to turn it on and off using the power button, how to return to the home screen using the home button, and how to access common apps like Safari, the App Store, Notification Center, and Control Panel using gestures. It also provides care instructions to clean the screen with a soft cloth and not to use liquids, and it notes that iPads purchased through Brown Mackie come with AppleCare+ warranty coverage including accidental damage insurance.
Sign into your Student Portal at My.BrownMackie.edu and click on Microsoft Office 365 to access your student email account. From there, you can add your student email to your iPad for mobile access to your email and Office 365 apps.
This document provides an overview of copyright law and fair use guidelines for educational institutions, specifically for-profit colleges. It discusses key aspects of copyright like public domain, fair use, and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The document also examines how these laws apply to different educational content sources, such as videos from YouTube, Netflix, library databases, and personally owned content. Factors like purpose of use, amount of content used, and commercial nature are addressed.
This document provides guidance for instructors on how to effectively manage difficult situations with students. It outlines several challenging student scenarios such as students having technology issues, being disruptive talkers, lacking motivation, trying to leave class early, being overly friendly, complaining, falling asleep, becoming upset or aggressive. For each situation, it suggests potential instructor responses ranging from addressing the issue directly with the student, engaging other students, following up later, or getting assistance from other staff if needed. The overall aim is for instructors to encourage positive behavior, demonstrate professionalism, hold students accountable, and ensure all students can learn.
This document discusses strategies for promoting critical thinking in the classroom. It recommends that teachers transition from simply supplying answers to asking open-ended questions that have no right or wrong answers and encourage exploration. Questions should require students to synthesize information and understand how different concepts fit together. The document also identifies barriers to critical thinking like too much memorization and not enough conceptual learning. It provides strategies for critical thinking like assessing students' prior knowledge, setting learning purposes, and using questioning techniques that encourage elaboration, disagreement, summarization, and examining assumptions.
Microsoft 365 provides students with five downloads of Office for PC, Mac, or mobile devices, one terabyte of OneDrive cloud storage, Outlook email, and access to Office Online. Students can access Microsoft 365 through the Student Portal at http://My.BrownMackie.edu or the Microsoft portal at http://Portal.office.com. Faculty have access to Microsoft and Adobe software at substantial discounts by verifying their eligibility at http://edmc.onthehub.com.
- Brown Mackie College students access their eTextbooks through VitalSource licenses. Student books have a temporary 15-day license that allows for class drops/adds, then switch to a long-term license on the 16th day. Faculty books are accessed with an eText code from campus iPad support.
- To access eTextbooks on an iPad or computer, students login to their student portal, click "eText", then the textbook title. The book will be available for 5 years once loaded.
- A series of steps are outlined for downloading the VitalSource app and accessing/downloading available eTextbooks on the iPad.
To enable eCollege access on an iPad, open the Settings app, go to the Safari section, and change the "Block Cookies" setting from its default to "Never" which allows cookies and allows users to access eCollege.
This document provides instructions for students at Brown Mackie College to access the student WiFi network and AirEDU connection on their iPads:
1. Go to Settings > WiFi and select the STUDENT_WIFI network, then enter your email username and password.
2. To access AirEDU, go to Safari and enter the LibraryGuides URL. Tap "Download AirEdu Configuration File" and follow the prompts to install and create a passcode.
3. Go to Settings > AirEDU and tap "Accept" to connect. You can then add a bookmark to the iPad modules website for easy access.
The document provides an overview of the basic features and care instructions for an iPad. It describes the home screen, power button, home button, volume buttons, cameras, ports, and speakers. It also recommends using a soft cloth to clean the screen and not using liquid cleaners. It advises never leaving the iPad unattended and how to use iCloud to find a missing iPad.
This document provides instructions for using various features and functions of the iPad, including how to access the internet browser Safari, settings, app store, notification center, control panel, spotlight search, app switching, selecting apps, closing apps, and returning to the home screen. It outlines gestures like swiping in different directions from various parts of the screen to activate these features.
This document provides tips for student success on tests. It begins by emphasizing the importance of asking for help if a concept is not understood. It then lists the top 10 test-taking tips, which include having a positive attitude, making a study plan, getting enough sleep the night before, eating breakfast, managing time during the test, and reviewing answers before finishing. Additional tips are provided for multiple choice tests, overcoming anxiety, and effective studying strategies like spacing out study times and focusing on key concepts. The overall message is that being prepared and using effective test-taking strategies can help students succeed.
This document provides an overview of terms and connectors searching on Westlaw. It begins with an introduction to Boolean logic and terms and connectors searches. It then discusses constructing effective search queries using key terms, alternatives, and connectors. The document explains commonly used connectors like /p, /s, and &. It also covers other search techniques like phrase searching with quotation marks and field searching. The conclusion emphasizes that terms and connectors searching is based on simple logical rules rather than mathematics.
This document provides tips for conducting cost-effective online legal research on Westlaw. It discusses choosing the most appropriate pricing option (hourly vs. transactional), formulating efficient search strategies, selecting the smallest relevant database, and optimal printing methods. The document advises utilizing services like Westlaw reference attorneys, print directories, and Find by Citation to save money on research.
This document provides an overview of advanced natural language and terms and connectors searching techniques in Westlaw. It discusses how to manipulate natural language searches by adding alternative terms, excluding terms, and conducting field searches. It also covers best practices for using terms, expanders, connectors and fields to refine terms and connectors searches, including how different connectors are processed. The document aims to help users get the most out of natural language and terms and connectors searching in Westlaw.
The document provides an overview of key sources of administrative law, including the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and federal agency decisions. It discusses how federal agencies promulgate regulations, the rulemaking process, and how final regulations are published in the Federal Register and codified in the CFR. It also describes independent regulatory agencies and their role in creating regulations with the force of law.
1) All Brown Mackie eTextbooks are provided through VitalSource licenses which initially have a 15 day temporary license for drops/adds, after which they must be switched to a long-term 5-year license.
2) To access eTextbooks, students must login to their student portal, click on "eText", then the title of their assigned eTextbook.
3) If a student forgets their VitalSource login credentials, they can find them by tapping the Brown Mackie logo, then "My Account" and "My Account" again from the menu to view their email address and set a new password.
This document provides instructions for students at Brown Mackie College to download and install a shared calendar file on their iPads. It directs users to tap the iPad Module icon, then tap "Shared Calendars" and download the shared calendar file by tapping the arrow and selecting "Install" and "Install Now." Once installed, users can access the shared calendar by opening the Calendar app from their home screen.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for setting up an Apple ID and iCloud account on an iPad. It details tapping through various settings and app screens, entering personal information to create an account like name, birthday, username and password. It emphasizes remembering security questions and passwords and enabling Find My iPad features for locating a lost device.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Topic & key_numbers_complete_show2
1. THE TOPIC & KEY NUMBER SYSTEM®
IN THE LEGAL RESEARCH UNIVERSE
West’s Instructional Aid Series
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction to the Doctrine of Precedent
• National Reporter System
• Headnotes
• West’s Key Number Digests
• The Topic and Key Number System
• Finding and Using Relevant Key Numbers
• KeySearch
2
3. CONTENTS
• Introduction to the Doctrine of Precedent
• National Reporter System
• Headnotes
• West’s Key Number Digests
• The Topic and Key Number System
• Finding and Using Relevant Key Numbers
• KeySearch
3
4. THE DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT
• Precedents are prior cases in the jurisdiction that
are close in fact or legal principles to the case in
consideration.
• The doctrine of precedent dictates that decisions
reached in previous cases in the jurisdiction
dealing with the same or similar issues should be
followed, unless there is a good reason to deviate.
4
5. THE DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT
• The doctrine of precedent is founded on a sense of
fairness and the belief that decisions should be
consistent and not arbitrary so that the legal
consequence of conduct can be predicted.
• This doctrine explains the attorney’s need for
access to prior cases in the jurisdiction dealing with
the same or similar issues.
5
6. CONTENTS
• Introduction to the Doctrine of Precedent
• National Reporter System
• Headnotes
• West’s Key Number Digests
• The Topic and Key Number System
• Finding and Using Relevant Key Numbers
• KeySearch
6
7. NATIONAL REPORTER SYSTEM
• The National Reporter
System is the name
given to the entire
group of publications
that report both state
and federal cases
decided throughout the
country. Some
reporters cover
specialty topics, such
as bankruptcy.
7
8. CONTENTS
• Introduction to the Doctrine of Precedent
• National Reporter System
• Headnotes
• West’s Key Number Digests
• The Topic and Key Number System
• Finding and Using Relevant Key Numbers
• KeySearch
8
9. HEADNOTES: CASES
• Headnotes appear
before the text of every
case in the National
Reporter System.
• A headnote is a
paragraph summary of
a single point of law
discussed in the case.
• Headnotes appear in
the order the points of
law are discussed in
the case.
Headnote 1
9
10. HEADNOTES (DIGEST PARAGRAPHS)
• Headnotes are prepared by West attorney-editors using
consistent and current legal terminology instead of
ambiguous, regional or outdated words and descriptive
terms instead of proper names
• Language of Opinion
- Mr. Brown or plaintiff
- Tylenol or Bufferin
- tipsy or inebriated
Language of Headnote
- landlord
- aspirin
- intoxicated
The headnotes help you retrieve many online cases that
you would otherwise miss.
10
11. HEADNOTE AND KEY NUMBERS
• The point of law discussed in each headnote is
assigned to at least one West topic number and key
number.
11
12. CONTENTS
• Introduction to the Doctrine of Precedent
• National Reporter System
• Headnotes
• West’s Key Number Digests
• The Topic and Key Number System
• Finding and Using Relevant Key Numbers
• KeySearch
12
13. WEST’S KEY NUMBER DIGESTS
• The headnotes from every reported case in the
National Reporter System are organized by topic
and key number in West’s Key Number Digests.
Headnotes become digest paragraphs.
• There are:
– federal, state, and regional digests
– special-subject digests
– digests that cover specific periods of time
13
14. WEST’S KEY NUMBER DIGESTS
• Using an on-point key
number, you can find
similar headnotes from
other cases in any
National Reporter
System publication.
• Each headnote in a
digest cites, and on
Westlaw® links, to the
case in which the
headnote appears.
14
15. 4.
5.
1.
4
Digests
National Reporter System
Constitutional Law
3.
2.
3
Headnotes
Topic and Key Number System
1. Cases are printed in the National Reporter System reporters.
2. Each point of law discussed in a case is summarized in a headnote.
3. The point of law in each headnote is assigned a key number(s).
4. Digests organize all headnotes (digest paragraphs) by key number.
5. The key number in a digest is used to find other relevant cases.
15
16. QUESTION
• West’s Key Number System integrates:
1.The National Reporter System
2.The Key Number Digests
3.Headnotes that precede each National Reporter
System case
4.All of the above
16
17. CONTENTS
• Introduction to the Doctrine of Precedent
• National Reporter System
• Headnotes
• West’s Key Number Digests
• The Topic and Key Number System
• Finding and Using Relevant Key Numbers
• KeySearch
17
18. THE WEST TOPIC & KEY NUMBER
SYSTEM: HEADNOTES
• When West receives an opinion from the court, a
West attorney-editor identifies the points of law
discussed in the case.
• Each point of law is summarized in a headnote.
• After carefully analyzing the point of law that the
headnote discusses, the West attorney-editor
assigns the headnote to at least one key number in
the West Topic and Key Number System.
18
19. THE WEST TOPIC & KEY NUMBER
SYSTEM: HEADNOTES
Headnote Number (7)
Topic Number (95)
Key Number 147(2)
Headnote
• This headnote summarizes the seventh point of
law discussed in this case on Westlaw. The
headnote is assigned to key number 147(2)
under Topic 95 (Contracts).
19
20. THE WEST TOPIC & KEY NUMBER SYSTEM
• is an extensive outline of the entire body of case
law in this country.
• is an index to the entire National Reporter System,
helping you more easily locate cases with similar
legal issues in any jurisdiction.
• is a classification system with at least one topic and
key number assigned to each point of law.
20
21. THE WEST TOPIC & KEY NUMBER SYSTEM
• divides the law into approximately 400 broad digest
topics.
• breaks down each topic into subheadings
• contains approximately 100,000 specific key
numbers
21
22. THE WEST TOPIC & KEY NUMBER
SYSTEM: TOPICS
• The topic are arranged
alphabetically and numbered
between 1 and 450.
• Each topic addresses a broad
legal issue.
• Some topics have been added
after the original 414 topics
were assigned numbers.
– See, 48A Automobiles
– See, 48B Aviation
• Other topics have been
eliminated or renamed (e.g.,
West attorney-editors no
longer use topic 3).
22
23. THE WEST TOPIC & KEY NUMBER
SYSTEM: TOPICS
95 Contracts (Topic)
95II Construction and Operation (Subheading)
95II(A) General Rules of Construction
95k147 Intention of Parties
95k147(2) k. Language of Contract
(Specific Key Number)
• Each topic is broken down into subheadings.
• There can be as many as eight levels in the topic and
key number hierarchy.
• This process continues until further breakdown of a
legal issue is unproductive and a specific key number
is assigned. See, 95k147(2), above.
23
24. THE WEST TOPIC & KEY NUMBER
SYSTEM: TOPICS
• This is a breakdown of key number 147 (Intention of
parties) under the Contracts topic and subheading II.
(Construction and Operation) in the Westlaw version
of the digest.
• 95k147(2) is the specific
key number dealing with
Language of contract.
24
25. THE WEST TOPIC & KEY NUMBER
SYSTEM: CURRENTNESS OF TOPICS
• Topics or portions of topics are added, renamed,
expanded, contracted, merged, or eliminated as law,
society, and political sensitivity dictate.
– Insurance topic was reorganized in 1998; Negligence topic
was reorganized in 1999
– RICO topic was added in 1990; Sentencing topic was
added in 2000
– Drunkards topic became inactive in 1978 and all new cases
were classified under a new topic, Chemical Dependents.
The new topic also contains some issues that were
previously categorized under Drugs and Narcotics
– Insane Persons topic was renamed Mental Health
25
26. THE WEST TOPIC & KEY NUMBER SYSTEM:
CURRENTNESS OF KEY NUMBERS
• Key numbers are added, renumbered, or
transferred to other topics as law, society, and
political sensitivity dictate.
– What was once a specific key number may be expanded
over time to provide deeper analysis of a growing area of
the law.
– Translation tables in print volumes aid in moving between
the old and new classifications.
– On Westlaw, a “Formerly” line is added to key numbers that
have changed so you can search by old or new key number.
(See below.)
26
27. THE WEST TOPIC & KEY NUMBER SYSTEM
• Think of the topic and key number as an address:
– Each street in the city represents a digest topic.
– There are many houses on each street and each house
has its own number.
– In order to find a particular house, you must know both the
street name (topic) and the house number (key number).
27
28. QUESTION
• The West Topic and Key Number System
1.Divides the law into approximately 400 broad legal
topics
2.Divides the law into approximately 100,000 specific
key numbers
3.Is an index to every case in the National Reporter
System
4.All of the above
28
29. KEY NUMBERS & THE KEY NUMBER
DIGEST
• West’s Key Number Digests are the
research link between Key Numbers
and the National Reporter System
cases.
• The digests contain the headnotes
(digest paragraphs) and their
corresponding topic and key numbers
from every set of cases in the National
Reporter System.
• The headnotes (digest paragraphs) are
organized first alphabetically by topic
and then numerically by key number.
30. THE WEST KEY NUMBER DIGEST
• Digest sets include:
–
–
–
–
State digests
Regional digests
Federal Practice Digest
Specialty subjects, such as
Bankruptcy, Military Justice,
Federal Claims, and Education Law
digests
– Decennial digests, which contain all
headnotes from cases for each 10year period beginning with 1897
– The Century Digest, which contains
headnotes from cases from 1658 to
1896
30
31. THE WEST KEY NUMBER DIGEST
• Each digest series spans many volumes and is
organized first alphabetically by topic then
numerically by key number.
31
32. THE WEST KEY NUMBER DIGEST
• This is a page from the
Minnesota Digest
• Listed are all the headnotes
(digest paragraphs) from
Minnesota cases that
discuss the points of law
assigned to specific key
numbers 8(2), 9, and 12
under the topic of
Abatement and Revival.
32
33. CONTENTS
• Introduction to the Doctrine of Precedent
• National Reporter System
• Headnotes
• West’s Key Number Digests
• The Topic and Key Number System
• Finding and Using Relevant Key Numbers
• KeySearch
33
34. FINDING AND USING RELEVANT KEY
NUMBERS
• Topic Lists in Print Digests
– Use the alphabetical Digest
Topics list at the beginning of
each print digest volume as a
table of contents.
Browsing the Topic Hierarchy
– Check the key numbers
under the topics that seem
most relevant.
34
35. FINDING AND USING RELEVANT KEY
NUMBERS: ANALYSIS IN PRINT DIGESTS
Broad Analysis
Detailed Analysis
Each topic in a digest set has an Analysis section, providing
both broad and detailed outlines of the topic.
35
36. FINDING AND USING RELEVANT KEY
NUMBERS: SUBJECTS INCLUDED, EXCLUDED
• Many legal topics overlap in subject content.
• At the beginning of every new topic in the print
digest are scope notes that explain which subjects
are included under that topic and which are
excluded.
• The Subjects Excluded list directs you
to the digest topic under which those
subjects are covered.
36
37. WEST’S ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN LAW
• West’s Analysis of American Law lists all the topics
and the specific key numbers with the title given to
each key number.
Constitutional Law TOPIC NO. 92
90.1– Particular Expressions and Limitations
(1.2) Election Regulations
• This publication also contains Subjects Included
and Subjects Excluded sections for each topic.
37
38. DESCRIPTIVE WORD INDEX
• When classifying points of law and assigning to key
numbers, West attorney-editors choose words that
describe the important facts and legal issues
• These fact and issue words are arranged
alphabetically in the Descriptive Word Index e
digest.
• The Descriptive Word Index refers you to
relevant topic and key numbers.
38
39. DESCRIPTIVE WORD INDEX
• Ask, “What words describe the pertinent facts of
the case or legal question involved?”
• Most descriptive words fall into one of five
categories of elements common to every case:
– Parties or facts
– Places and things
– Issue or basis of action
– Defenses
– Relief sought
39
40. DESCRIPTIVE WORD INDEX
• Example: John Landlord failed to replace a light
bulb in the hallway of one of his apartment
buildings. Jane Tenant failed to see a step and fell
down a flight of stairs. She is suing John for
damages.
• You might start by checking in the index under
landlord, tenant, apartment, common area, or
premise liability. At least one of these entries will
probably lead you to key numbers assigned to
headnotes in cases that discuss the same or
similar issues.
40
41. SECONDARY SOURCE REFERENCES
IN PRINT AND ON WESTLAW
Reference to a contracts key
number for an Am Jur® 2d
(American Jurisprudence)
section on Westlaw.
Reference to relevant contracts
key number in a CJS®
(Corpus Juris Secundum)
article on Westlaw.
41
42. USING A KNOWN KEY NUMBER IN PRINT
DIGEST
• Go to a print digest covering the
appropriate jurisdiction and find
the volume containing the topic.
• The digest paragraphs are
arranged in numerical order
under the topic.
• All headnotes from all cases
discussing the point of law
assigned to that key number are
listed along with citations to the
originating cases.
42
43. USING A KNOWN KEY NUMBER IN A
WESTLAW SEARCH
• If you know the key number before you sign on to
Westlaw
– chose either a case law or a headnote (digest) database,
– enter the key number as your Terms and Connectors
query: 95k147(2)
– The “k” makes the term unique. You will retrieve only
documents containing the key number.
– You can require that certain words be in the same
paragraph as the key number to customize your search:
95k147(2) /P "FOUR CORNERS"
43
44. TOPIC LIST ON WESTLAW
• Click Key Numbers at
the top of your Westlaw
screen.
• Select West Key
Number Digest Outline
• Scroll down the list of
topics until you find one
you want to explore.
44
45. USING THE KEY NUMBER DIGEST ON
WESTLAW
Click the plus (+) symbols to expand the subheadings. Expand
subheading folders if necessary.
When you find a relevant key number:
(1) type it in the text box and click GO or,
(2) check the box beside it and click Search selected.
45
46. USING THE TOPIC LIST ON WESTLAW TO
PERFORM A KEY NUMBER SEARCH
Select Database
Add Terms
Date
• You can run the key
number search in the
headnote database of
your choice.
• You can restrict your
search by date or add
terms for a customized
result.
46
47. RETRIEVING MORE CASES USING A KEY
NUMBER FROM A CASE
• A word search on Westlaw retrieves a relevant
case with an on-point headnote.
• You can use the key number(s) assigned to this
headnote to retrieve other cases discussing the
same point of law.
• This is the most common way of finding relevant
cases using key numbers.
47
48. SEARCHING ON WESTLAW
• In case law databases, key numbers and
headnotes appear before the text of the case in the
order the legal issues are discussed in the case,
just as in the print reporters.
• In the headnote (digest) databases, the key
numbers and headnotes are organized by topic,
then by key number, just as in the print digests.
48
49. SEARCHING ON WESTLAW
• If you know the appropriate topic number but do
not know the key number, try the following search
in either a case law or headnote database:
TO(95) /P LANGUAGE /P INTENT!
• The topic (TO) field is the portion of the digest field
that contains the topic numbers and names and
key numbers and names.
TO
49
50. SEARCHING ON WESTLAW
• If you don’t know either the topic or the key number
– in a headnote database (NY-HN, ALLCASES-HN), enter a
Terms and Connectors query or a digest field search:
contract! /p language /p intent!
– in a case law database (NY-CS, ALLCASES), restrict your
query to the digest field (DI):
di(contract! /p language /p intent!)
• Start out by keeping all terms in the same
paragraph.
50
51. SEARCHING ON WESTLAW: SAMPLE
QUERY & THE DIGEST
Query:
DI(CONTRACT! /P
LANGUAGE /P INTENT!)
The query yields 349 cases in the IN-CS (Indiana Cases) database.
This headnote is assigned to key number 95k147(2). This key number
is under the Contracts topic, but the results might also include key
numbers under Alternative Dispute Resolution, Bankruptcy, and other
topics.
51
52. SEARCHING ON WESTLAW: SAMPLE
QUERY & THE DIGEST
Most Cited
If the headnote assigned to
95k147(2) is relevant to your
issue, you can easily retrieve
similar cases, even if they don’t
contain the terms in your original
search.
Select a database.
Click Most Cited Cases link to
create a Custom Digest.
Search
Database
Click Search.
52
53. SEARCHING ON WESTLAW: SAMPLE
QUERY & THE DIGEST
Custom Digest
• A Custom Digest contains digest paragraphs assigned to that
key number from all cases in that jurisdiction.
• Each headnote links to its corresponding case.
• You have created a Custom Digest of all headnotes assigned
to 95k147(2) in the in Minnesota Cases.
53
54. THE WEST TOPIC AND KEY NUMBER
SYSTEM
• Allows you to quickly find all (including the most
current) cases that discuss a legal issue
• Allows you to quickly determine the merits of your
clients’ cases based on how prior cases dealing
with the same issue have been decided
• Allows you to move among reporters, digests, the
ALR and AmJur publications and statutes using
cross-referenced relevant key numbers
The Key Number System is the index to American
common law issues.
54
55. QUESTION
• If you have found a relevant key number, you can
retrieve cases that have discussed the same or
similar issues by
1.
Finding that key number in a digest
2.
Searching for the key number in a headnote
(digest) database on Westlaw
3.
Searching for the key number in a case law
database on Westlaw
4.
All of the above
55
56. CONTENTS
• Introduction to the Doctrine of Precedent
• National Reporter System
• Headnotes
• West’s Key Number Digests
• The Topic and Key Number System
• Finding and Using Relevant Key Numbers
• KeySearch
56
57. KEYSEARCH
• is a research tool powered by the respected and
dependable West Key Number System
• identifies key numbers and terms most relevant to
your legal issue
• integrates related key numbers from different topics
into one search
• creates effective queries for you in the appropriate
database(s)
• uses intuitive language and organization, making it
easy to navigate
57
58. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
• Start your research in KeySearch when:
– you are unfamiliar with an area of the law
– you are unfamiliar with the West Key Number System
– you need to retrieve unreported cases or secondary-source
documents as well as reported cases.
58
59. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
Site Map
KeySearch
• KeySearch uses the dependable and respected power of the
Key Number System and the expertise of West’s attorneyeditors to retrieve relevant documents.
• KeySearch can be accessed from anywhere in westlaw.com
by clicking the Site Map link on the top of the page.
59
60. AN EMPLOYMENT LAW ISSUE
Sue had been employed by the Busy Bee Corporation
for several years. Busy Bee is a 20-person, family-run
business and Sue had always had smooth relationships
with family members and good job reviews. Last year,
Sue began living with Roger. The Busy Bee owners did
not say anything directly to Sue, but she knew her living
arrangements upset the very conservative family.
Relations with family members soured and soon her job
reviews expressed dissatisfaction with her work. Sue
was fired for unsatisfactory performance.
Can Sue claim discrimination based on her status as
an unmarried person?
60
61. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
Employment Law
• West attorney-editors have created logical topics and subtopics.
• Topics are arranged alphabetically for easy scanning.
• links to popular subtopics are listed below each main topic.
Let’s choose Employment Law to find an answer to
Sue’s legal dilemma.
61
62. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
Discrimination
• A folder icon
indicates that there are subtopics.
• A search icon
indicates there are no subtopics. Clicking on a
search icon will retrieve the search page.
• Discrimination has subtopics.
62
63. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
Path
Marital or Familial Status Discrimination
• Marital or Familial Status Discrimination is the exact sub topic
we’re looking for. We can click the search
icon to begin our
search.
• Notice that the KeySearch path is displayed at the top of the
page so it is easy to keep track of how we got to this subtopic.
64. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
• KeySearch gives us the option of retrieving reported or
unreported cases, encyclopedias, treatises, law reviews
and journals, and many other secondary Sources.
64
65. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
• We’ll select Cases with
West headnotes.
• Then we’ll select All
State Cases for the
database.
All State Cases
• Open the Query Editor
to see the topic and key
numbers are applicable to
this Employment law
issue.
Key Numbers
Query Editor
65
66. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
• We can add search
terms to the end of the
query to further
customize the search.
Here we’ve added:
/p single unmarried “not
married” “living in sin”
• The last step is to click
Search.
Search
66
67. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
• That’s it. In just a few clicks we have retrieved 31 onpoint documents in the All State Cases database.
• Read the headnote from this case to see the success
of our KeySearch.
67
68. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
• What if you aren’t sure where to begin looking in the
KeySearch hierarchy?
• Just type the essential terms in the Scan text box and
click GO and a list of the topics and subtopics that
contain your terms is displayed.
Scan
68
69. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
• Here is the list that is displayed when we enter marital
familial in the Scan text box. The KeySearch path we
chose by pointing and clicking is included in results
above.
69
70. KEYSEARCH ON WESTLAW.COM
• Efficient – KeySearch creates expert queries for you. There’s no
need for you to locate the correct topic and key numbers or
determine which terms to include in your query.
• Easy to use – The interface is organized, logical and easy to
navigate.
• Flexible – You can edit KeySearch queries to fit your fact pattern.
• Comprehensive – KeySearch includes approximately 10,000 legal
issues and retrieves results from reported and unreported cases as
well as analytical law.
• Reliable – KeySearch is powered by the West Key Number System,
so you know your results can be trusted. Queries are created by
experts in legal topics and query formulation.
70
71. QUESTION
• KeySearch
1.
Builds on the Key Number System
2.
Adds relevant words so unreported cases and
secondary sources can be retrieved
3.
Allows you to customize the automatic query
4.
All of the above
71
72. CONCLUSION
• The National Reporter System, the West editorial
enhancements, the West Key Number System,
and West Key Number Digests are an integrated
research system that guides you to prior cases in
any state or federal jurisdiction that discussed
similar facts or points of law.
• If you have any questions, please contact the West
Reference Attorneys, 24/7, at 1-800-850-9378.
72