Topic 11 (Loss of Linguistic Diversity).pptx
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The document discusses the impact of English as a global language on linguistic diversity, including the correlation between the adoption of English and the decline of minority languages due to asymmetrical power relations. It also examines other factors behind the adoption of English such as global interdependence, access to trade markets, and empowerment of marginalized groups.
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Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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- 1. World Englishes Loss of Linguistic Diversity
- 2. World Englishes Language death and global language โข Limited effect on disappearance of a language โข Reverse effect of English as a global language
- 3. World Englishes Impact of English as global language on linguistic diversity โข Loss of linguistic diversity and spread of English โข Influences the structure of other languages โข Provides loan words
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- A language dies when nobody speaks it anymore. It is not a new phenomenon. Thousands of languages have died since humans started using languages. According to ethnologue, which is , there are 7099 languages in the world today. Out of these 50% are at the risk of extinction. The emergence of a global language has got nothing to do with the phenomenon of language death. It has got more to do with the relationship of an extinct or endangered language with the dominant language or the speakers of the dominant language in the region. The rate at which the languages are disappearing today is unprecedented. Most of these languages are found in North America, Indonesia, Brazil, Australia and parts of Africa.