The document summarizes the top five economies in the world: European Union, United States, China, Japan, and Germany. It provides key economic indicators for each country/region such as GDP, GDP growth rates, largest companies, unemployment rates, and more. The European Union is the largest economy, followed by the United States, China, Japan, and Germany.
Columdae
www.columdae.com
Our goal is to obtain your business expand in other countries. We are an international agency that supports companies in their trading abroad. Columdae offers a wide range of assistance to help you achieve your goal, whether you are new to selling overseas or you are an experienced exporter trying to break into a new market!
CUSTOMER SEARCH / TRADE MISSION / MARKET INFORMATION /EXHIBITION SERVICE / ESTABILISHMENT / BUSINESS WALL
Work local, trade global!
The Evolution of Public Sector Employment and Public Debt in the United Kingd...inventionjournals
This paper analyses the evolution of public sector expenditure and public sector employment in the United Kingdom before and during the recent economic crisis. Public sector has come to a moment when significant transformations had to be done, both from a structural and functional point of view. This paper sets the economic, political and social framework in which the process of reorganization took place following the 2008-2010 economic crisis and discusses a series of factors that determined the UK government to undertake these measures. The aim of the research is to provide a complete diagnosis of how public expenditure and employment evolved before the recent economic downturn and describe the functional relationship between public employment size and its costs.
Columdae
www.columdae.com
Our goal is to obtain your business expand in other countries. We are an international agency that supports companies in their trading abroad. Columdae offers a wide range of assistance to help you achieve your goal, whether you are new to selling overseas or you are an experienced exporter trying to break into a new market!
CUSTOMER SEARCH / TRADE MISSION / MARKET INFORMATION /EXHIBITION SERVICE / ESTABILISHMENT / BUSINESS WALL
Work local, trade global!
The Evolution of Public Sector Employment and Public Debt in the United Kingd...inventionjournals
This paper analyses the evolution of public sector expenditure and public sector employment in the United Kingdom before and during the recent economic crisis. Public sector has come to a moment when significant transformations had to be done, both from a structural and functional point of view. This paper sets the economic, political and social framework in which the process of reorganization took place following the 2008-2010 economic crisis and discusses a series of factors that determined the UK government to undertake these measures. The aim of the research is to provide a complete diagnosis of how public expenditure and employment evolved before the recent economic downturn and describe the functional relationship between public employment size and its costs.
A presentation of the main findings and recommendations of the OECD Economic Survey of Spain 2014 launched 8 September 2014 in Madrid, Spain.
Structural reforms (labour market, banking, fiscal) have put the economy on the road to recovery.
The growth and development of any nation is highly dependent on the level of infrastructure. Infrastructural decay has taken a big toll on the economic development of most Sub- Saharan African nations. This paper investigated the effect infrastructural decay on the growth of the manufacturing sector in Sub- Saharan Africa with particular reference to the Nigerian situation. The data necessary for this study were obtained from secondary sources. The results of unit root suggest that all the variables in the model are stationary. The ordinary least square regression with a coefficient of 0.92 revealed a strong positive relationship between the variables of interest. A co-integration test was performed on these variables to determine the long-run relationship between the variables. The results of causality tests suggest that electricity supply, transport infrastructure and inflation rate (the explanatory variables) jointly explain changes in the manufacturing sector performance. The result also reveals a one-way causation running from interest rate to manufacturing sector performance. The Johansen cointegration result reveals the existence of a common trend among the variables of interest. Electricity decay was found to have the greatest negative impact on the manufacturing sector’s financial performance and output followed by inflation and transportation. The government is therefore enjoined to continue the reform programmes across the infrastructural segments of the economy.
2012 Rescaling of Planning and its Interface with Economic Development - puga...Lee Pugalis
Abstract
Following the installation of a UK Coalition Government in 2010, ways of governing the spatial organisation of development have undergone far-reaching change in England. Within a context of austerity following the abolition of regional policy machinery, and an onerous national target framework, localities are entering a new phase of incentivised development. Consequently, Local Planning Authorities are having to transfer part of their focus from government’s ‘top-down’ requirements, as they come to embrace more adequately ‘bottom-up’ neighbourhood scale plans. Analysing the path of change, especially at the interface between planning and economic development, the paper draws attention to the dilemmas arising from these crucial scale shifts, and explores the potential of sub-national governance entities – Local Enterprise Partnerships – to help resolve the strategic co-ordination of planning.
A collection came from many sources based on my curiosity - synthesis all of information together with my personal awareness of future crisis. After having heard that China took a major shared of Toulouse Airport - located in the south of France, and many development came across the continents in the same time of economic crisis in Europe and many parts of the world, this is what I curiosly taking my time seeing what was the past performances made by this country. Thanks to many people doing their hard work providing interesting report and articles that I've never forgot to credit to each text and images. Bonne Lecture!
THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH; THE CASE OF SUB-SAHARA...AkashSharma618775
The main aim of this research is to explore the effect of trade liberalization on economic growth in subSaharan Africa by analyzing certain macro-economic indicators using Ordinary Least Squares approach to
estimate regression equations. Many developing countries have substantially liberalized their trade regime over the
past three decades, either unilaterally or as part of multilateral initiatives. Nevertheless, trade barriers remain
high in many developing countries. One of the concerns that attributes to the reluctance of many of these countries
to liberalize their trade regime is the possible worsening of the trade balance.
This research paper is meant to give a recommendation on which macro-economic indicators sub-Saharan African
countries should pay particular attention to, implementing the necessary policies to ensure its effectiveness thereby
ensuring a step-up in those aspects of the economy in order to promote development. It considers 46 different
countries with different economic policies in sub-Saharan Africa for a 14-year period. Most papers considering
sub-Saharan African region consider a selected few countries based on certain economic reasons of their choice,
and those who consider most countries in the region have different macroeconomic indicators they employ for their
modeling. This paper considers if not all, almost all sub-Saharan African countries regardless of their economic
status.
Global Trends & the Next 25 Years of Sustainable AgricultureLandcareAustralia
CSIRO Principal Scientist Dr Stefan Hajkowicz's presents at the 2014 National Landcare Conference, looking at global trends and its impact on the next 25 years of sustainable agriculture.
A presentation of the main findings and recommendations of the OECD Economic Survey of Spain 2014 launched 8 September 2014 in Madrid, Spain.
Structural reforms (labour market, banking, fiscal) have put the economy on the road to recovery.
The growth and development of any nation is highly dependent on the level of infrastructure. Infrastructural decay has taken a big toll on the economic development of most Sub- Saharan African nations. This paper investigated the effect infrastructural decay on the growth of the manufacturing sector in Sub- Saharan Africa with particular reference to the Nigerian situation. The data necessary for this study were obtained from secondary sources. The results of unit root suggest that all the variables in the model are stationary. The ordinary least square regression with a coefficient of 0.92 revealed a strong positive relationship between the variables of interest. A co-integration test was performed on these variables to determine the long-run relationship between the variables. The results of causality tests suggest that electricity supply, transport infrastructure and inflation rate (the explanatory variables) jointly explain changes in the manufacturing sector performance. The result also reveals a one-way causation running from interest rate to manufacturing sector performance. The Johansen cointegration result reveals the existence of a common trend among the variables of interest. Electricity decay was found to have the greatest negative impact on the manufacturing sector’s financial performance and output followed by inflation and transportation. The government is therefore enjoined to continue the reform programmes across the infrastructural segments of the economy.
2012 Rescaling of Planning and its Interface with Economic Development - puga...Lee Pugalis
Abstract
Following the installation of a UK Coalition Government in 2010, ways of governing the spatial organisation of development have undergone far-reaching change in England. Within a context of austerity following the abolition of regional policy machinery, and an onerous national target framework, localities are entering a new phase of incentivised development. Consequently, Local Planning Authorities are having to transfer part of their focus from government’s ‘top-down’ requirements, as they come to embrace more adequately ‘bottom-up’ neighbourhood scale plans. Analysing the path of change, especially at the interface between planning and economic development, the paper draws attention to the dilemmas arising from these crucial scale shifts, and explores the potential of sub-national governance entities – Local Enterprise Partnerships – to help resolve the strategic co-ordination of planning.
A collection came from many sources based on my curiosity - synthesis all of information together with my personal awareness of future crisis. After having heard that China took a major shared of Toulouse Airport - located in the south of France, and many development came across the continents in the same time of economic crisis in Europe and many parts of the world, this is what I curiosly taking my time seeing what was the past performances made by this country. Thanks to many people doing their hard work providing interesting report and articles that I've never forgot to credit to each text and images. Bonne Lecture!
THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH; THE CASE OF SUB-SAHARA...AkashSharma618775
The main aim of this research is to explore the effect of trade liberalization on economic growth in subSaharan Africa by analyzing certain macro-economic indicators using Ordinary Least Squares approach to
estimate regression equations. Many developing countries have substantially liberalized their trade regime over the
past three decades, either unilaterally or as part of multilateral initiatives. Nevertheless, trade barriers remain
high in many developing countries. One of the concerns that attributes to the reluctance of many of these countries
to liberalize their trade regime is the possible worsening of the trade balance.
This research paper is meant to give a recommendation on which macro-economic indicators sub-Saharan African
countries should pay particular attention to, implementing the necessary policies to ensure its effectiveness thereby
ensuring a step-up in those aspects of the economy in order to promote development. It considers 46 different
countries with different economic policies in sub-Saharan Africa for a 14-year period. Most papers considering
sub-Saharan African region consider a selected few countries based on certain economic reasons of their choice,
and those who consider most countries in the region have different macroeconomic indicators they employ for their
modeling. This paper considers if not all, almost all sub-Saharan African countries regardless of their economic
status.
Global Trends & the Next 25 Years of Sustainable AgricultureLandcareAustralia
CSIRO Principal Scientist Dr Stefan Hajkowicz's presents at the 2014 National Landcare Conference, looking at global trends and its impact on the next 25 years of sustainable agriculture.
To revitalize the economy in Eurozone, different monetary and fiscal policies have been considered and implemented. In the presentation, we also suggested our monetary and fiscal policies for year 2015 based. This slides were presented for professor Daniel Fernandez Kranz's Managerial Economics at IE Business School MBA.
Macro-economical concept applied in Egypt such as : unemployment rate, Economical political power, long run variables and stock market, role of the central bank all that and more you can see under the topic Egypt between black yesterday and welling tomorrow
External risks continue to threaten the global economy but Korea’s economic growth will likely improve in the second half of 2011 and free trade agreements are poised to increase expansion substantially. Those were among the points made at the Korean Economic Forum, co-hosted by Samsung Economic Research Institute and the Korea JoongAng Daily at the Hotel Shilla on May 25. Among the many distinguished guests were ambassadors, CEOs and foreign correspondents.
External risks continue to threaten the global economy but Korea’s economic growth will likely improve in the second half of 2011 and free trade agreements are poised to increase expansion substantially. Those were among the points made at the Korean Economic Forum, co-hosted by Samsung Economic Research Institute and the Korea JoongAng Daily at the Hotel Shilla on May 25. Among the many distinguished guests were ambassadors, CEOs and foreign correspondents.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Top five economies
1. Start with the name of Allah,
Who is the most Beneficent,
The most Merciful !
2. Presentation of Business Communication
Presented To:
Presented By:
Department:
H.Muhammad Farhan
Muhammad Saeed (25)
Umar Hayat
(41)
Muhammad Yaseen(29)
Shakeel Shahzad (40)
Adil Ayaz
(01)
Management Sciences
BBA (HONS) 3rd (Morning)
The Islamia University Of Bahawalpur
(Bahawalnagar Campus)
5. What is Economy?
Economics is the study of how people choose to use
resources.
Resources include the time and talent people have
available, the land, buildings, equipment, and other
tools on hand, and the knowledge of how to combine
them to create useful products and services.
What is GDP: (Gross Domestic Product).
The total market value of all final goods and services
produced in a country in a given year, equal to total
consumer.
6. Central
Bank of the Euro system.
European Central Bank.
Top in ranking in the world
`
7. Countries that are part of the Euro system.
(Countries that use the euro system there are 27 countries)
Countries that created the euro area and introduced the euro in 1999:
Austria
Ireland
Belgium
Italy
Finland
Netherlands
France
Portugal
Germany
Spain
8.
Countries that were admitted to the euro area later:
Greece
(2001)
Slovenia
(2007)
Cyprus
(2008)
Malta
(2008)
Slovakia
(2009)
9. Gross
Domestic Product at market prices.
European Union
12,449,000 millions of euro (2011)
12,445,314 millions of euro (2012)
Euro area
9,298,403 millions of euro (2011)
9,269,467 millions of euro (2012)
10. Real
GDP growth:
An inflation-adjusted measure that reflects the value of all
goods and services produced in a given year, expressed in
base-year prices.
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011 2012
EU (27 countries )
3.2%
0.3%
4.4% 2.1%
1.5%
EU Area
3%
0.4%
4.4%
1.5% 1.9%
2%
1.7%
5.00%
4.00%
3.00%
2.00%
EU
E Area
1.00%
0.00%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
12. Gross
domestic expenditure on R&D
(% of GDP)
All expenditure incurred by the country during 1 year
on R & D (Research & Development).
EU (27 Country):
Euro area:
2%
2.06%
13. Unemployment
Rate:
The percentage of the total labor force that is
unemployed but actively seeking employment and
willing to work.
2010
2011
2012
10.1%
10.1%
10.9%
Rate
11.2
11
10.8
10.6
10.4
10.2
10
9.8
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
14. Gross household saving rate (%)
EU (27 Country): 11.42%
Household saving is defined as the difference
between a household’s disposable income
(mainly wages received, revenue of the selfemployed and net property income) and its
consumption expenditures on goods and services.
15. General
government balance (% of GDP).
The Government budget balance, also commonly
referred to as general government balance,[1]
public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is
the overall result of a country's general
government budget over the course of an
accounting period, usually one year.
European Union
Euro area-
2009 2010 2011 2012
6.7% 6.5% 4.6% 3.8%
6.4% 6.3% 4.1% 3.2%
16. Largest companies in Europe Union.
HSBC Holding(53)
PB Company(04)
Royal Bank of Scotland(100)
ING Group
Total (11 in ranking)
17. Telefonica (78 in ranking)
Daimler (21 in ranking)
Nokia (120 in ranking)
France Telecom(21 in ranking)
Nestlé(42 in ranking)
27. Inflation
The rate at which the general level of prices for
goods and services is
rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is
falling
2009
2010
2011
2012
0.3%
1.6%
3.1%
2.1%
30. Public
debt (General government gross debt
as a % of GDP)
The total financial obligations incurred by all governmental
bodies of a nation.
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
76.1%
89.9%
98.5%
102.9%
106.6%
55. History of China
Old: More than 2500 years
Area: 9.6 million square kilometers
Population: 1.3 billon peoples
Political division: 22 provinces (state) five
autonomous regions, four
municipalities, and two special
administrative regions ( Hong Kong
, Macau )
Economy: The four largest country in the
world measured by nominal GDP
Official language: Chinese
59. Largest companies in China
Petro China (Oil & Gas Operations)
ICBC (Major Banks)
China Construction Bank (Regional Banks)
Bank of China (Major Banks)
Sinopec-China Petroleum (Oil & Gas Operations)
Agricultural Bank of China (Regional Banks)
China Life Insurance (Life & Health Insurance)
Bank of Communications (Major Banks)
60. Market value of publicly traded shares
2010 US$5.008 trillion
2011 US$4.763 trillion
2012 US$3.389 trillion