This ppt illustrates and describes the two bacterial diseases included in the BSc Hons Program Syllabys Core Course III or DSC 3- Citrus canker and angular leaf spot of cotton
Downy mildew of grapes refers to any of several types of oomycete microbes that are obligate parasites of plants. Downy mildews exclusively belong to Peronosporaceae. In commercial agriculture, they are a particular problem for growers of crucifers, grapes and vegetables that grow on vines. slide contains vivid descrition of the plant pathogen.
Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen that produces a disease in tomato and potato plants called early blight. The pathogen produces distinctive "bullseye" patterned leaf spots and can also cause stem lesions and fruit rot on tomato and tuber blight on potato. Despite the name "early," foliar symptoms usually occur on older leaves. If uncontrolled, early blight can cause significant yield reductions.Primary methods of controlling this disease include preventing long periods of wetness on leaf surfaces and applying fungicides.
Geographically, A. solani is problematic in tomato production areas east of the Rocky Mountains and is generally not an issue in the less humid Pacific or inter-mountain regions. A. solani is also present in most potato production regions every year but has a significant effect on yield only when frequent wetting of foliage favors symptom development.
Effect of environment and nutrition on plant disease developmentparnavi kadam
BRIEF AND PRECISE POINTS ON PLANT DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. IT MOSTLY FOCUSES ON HOW THE FACTORS AFFECT THE MICROBES AND THEN THEIR MICROBIAL EFFECT ON DISEASE DEVELOPMENT.
The most troublesome pests of paddy along with their control measures
For more information :
visit the link below:
http://infentfun.blogspot.in/p/blog-page_17.html
This ppt illustrates and describes the two bacterial diseases included in the BSc Hons Program Syllabys Core Course III or DSC 3- Citrus canker and angular leaf spot of cotton
Downy mildew of grapes refers to any of several types of oomycete microbes that are obligate parasites of plants. Downy mildews exclusively belong to Peronosporaceae. In commercial agriculture, they are a particular problem for growers of crucifers, grapes and vegetables that grow on vines. slide contains vivid descrition of the plant pathogen.
Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen that produces a disease in tomato and potato plants called early blight. The pathogen produces distinctive "bullseye" patterned leaf spots and can also cause stem lesions and fruit rot on tomato and tuber blight on potato. Despite the name "early," foliar symptoms usually occur on older leaves. If uncontrolled, early blight can cause significant yield reductions.Primary methods of controlling this disease include preventing long periods of wetness on leaf surfaces and applying fungicides.
Geographically, A. solani is problematic in tomato production areas east of the Rocky Mountains and is generally not an issue in the less humid Pacific or inter-mountain regions. A. solani is also present in most potato production regions every year but has a significant effect on yield only when frequent wetting of foliage favors symptom development.
Effect of environment and nutrition on plant disease developmentparnavi kadam
BRIEF AND PRECISE POINTS ON PLANT DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. IT MOSTLY FOCUSES ON HOW THE FACTORS AFFECT THE MICROBES AND THEN THEIR MICROBIAL EFFECT ON DISEASE DEVELOPMENT.
The most troublesome pests of paddy along with their control measures
For more information :
visit the link below:
http://infentfun.blogspot.in/p/blog-page_17.html
Fusarium stalk rot is considered as major threat to production of maize, accompanied by small losses to total wipeout of the crop. This disease is more prevalent in area where water stress occurs after flowering stage of the crop.
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGENS OF VEGETABLE CROPS UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVA...Mayur Thesiya
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGENS OF VEGETABLE CROPS UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION
Soilborne pathogens and nematodes are very destructive in vegetables crops and one of the most limiting factors to farmers income. Soil fumigation has been an essential component of greenhouses crops since the 1960s. Growing vegetables without soil fumigants has remained a challenge, in part because commercially acceptable eggplant cultivars produced through conventional breeding lack resistance to many soil borne plant pathogens. Grafting cultivars with high quality and productivity on rootstocks that are resistant to soil pests and diseases is a method known for years ago, but which was improved and quickly spread in the last years. The objective of the researches was to evaluate the performance of the eggplant grafting on the some rootstocks in greenhouse conditions, alone and in combination with soil fumigation using metham sodium. Data obtained in the combinations scion/rootstock and not grafted eggplants were compared with data recorded where the metham sodium fumigant was used and as well as with the combinations grafted eggplants planted in soil disinfested with metham sodium. The marketable yield, fruits quality, frequency and root galling index of soilborne disease and nematodes, in the experimental variants were determined and calculated. Grafting process combined with the metham sodium soil disinfestation led to significant reduction in the incidence of attack produced by soilborne disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Verticillium dahlia) and nematodes (Meloidogine incognita).
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Tomato fusarium wilt
1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University , Coimbatore
Kullapuram (po),via vaigai Dam , Theni -625 562
SUBMITTED BY, COURSE TEACHER,
R.MALARMATHY, Dr.S.PARTHASARTHY,
2015021075 Asst.Professor(Plant pathology)
TOMATO FUSARIUM WILT
2. HISTORY:
• Fusarium wilt on tomatoes is caused by Fusarium oxysporum
f sp. lycopersici.
• It is a soil born fungus that is found throughout the united
states, especially in warm regions of the country.
• The organism is specific for tomato and is very longlived in all
regions of the united states.
• The diseases develop more quickly in soils that are high in
nitrogen and low in potassium.
3. ECONOMIC LOSSES:
• Due to high temperature and humidity Fusarium oxysporum f
sp. lycopersici can cause damage.
• It is a soil borne pathogen in the class Hyphomycetes that
cause wilt of tomato as the only host of pathogen and they
reported 10- 90% loss in yield of tomato in temperate region
due to this disease.
4. SYMPTOMS:
• The first symptom of the disease is clearing of the veinlets and
chlorosis of the leaves.
• The younger leaves may die in succession and the entire may
wilt and die in few days.
• Soon the petiole and the leaves droop and wilt.
• In young plants, symptom consists of clearing of vein let and
drooping of petioles.
5. • Growth is typically stunted and little or no fruit develops.
• Brown , vascular tissue can be found when the infected stem is
cut at its base.
• Infected plants often die before maturing.
9. PATHOGEN:
`
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Casual organism: Fusarium oxysporum f .sp.lycopersici
Mycelium is septate and hyaline. They produce macro
and micro conidia.
Micro conidia are one celled, hyaline, ovoid to
ellipsoid. Two races of pathogen have been identified.
11. LIFE CYCLE
• Fusarium fungi survives in the soil or associated with plant debris
for up to ten years. The pathogen can colonize as well tomato roots
and then infect the xylem, where by it moves passively through the
plant vascular system.
• Usually, infection into the xylem is favoured by wounds to the roots,
including those caused by root knot nematode.
• Secondary spread of the pathogen from one plant to another seldom
occurs. However, long distance dispersal of the pathogen can occur
by movement of infested soil equipment, it has also been reported
that the pathogen can aerially disseminate under certain environment
condition.
12. FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS:
• Disease development is favored by warm temperature (27-
28 ̊c),dry weather and acidic soil (PH 5-5.6).
• Rapidly growing, highly succulent tomato plants exposed to
fetilization with ammonium nitrate are especially susceptible
to the disease.
13. MODE OF SPREAD AND SURVIVAL:
• The fungus is seed borne and soil borne.
• The fungus survives in the soil as chlamydospores or as
saprophytically growing mycelium in infected crop debris for
more than 10 years.
• One of the chief methods of its distribution is by seedling
raised in infected soil.
• Wind spores, surface drainage water and agricultural
implements also help in distribution of the pathogen from field
to field.
14. IDM:
The affected plants should be removed and destroyed.
Spot drench with carbendazim (0.1%) . Crop rotation with a
non-host crop such as cereals.
To solarize the soil, you must leave a clear plastic trap on the
soil surface for 4-6 weeks during the hottest part of year. Soil
solarization will reduce or eliminate many soil inhabiting pests
including nematodes, fungi, insects, weeds and weed seeds.
15. • Mycostop is a biological fungicide that will safely protect
crop against wilt caused by Fusarium. Approved for use in
organic crop production, it can be applied as a soil spray or
drench (1-2 gm/100 sq ft) to seedlings ,vegetables. Apply
sufficient water during application to move mycostop into the
root zone.
• Avoid sowing seed produced from Fusarium infected plants.
Commercial seed is generally tested for seed borne
contamination.
16. REFERENCES
• www.tnau agriportal.com
• https://www.planetneutral.com
• Gupta V.K and Y.S paul,2008, diseases of vegetable crops,
published by kalyani publishers, second edition.
• R.S. Singh, plant diseases, Oxford and IBH publishing co. pvt.
Ltd, New Delhi, 9th edition.
