The Intelligent Airport (TINA) project aims to develop an advanced multi-service wired and wireless network for future airport environments. Key objectives include replacing independently installed systems, determining new system architectures for dynamic capacity, and designing a novel wireless signal distribution network. The project also explores applications in airport services, emphasizing upgraded, scalable, secure infrastructure to meet increasing demands for data transmission.

1. The INtelligent Airport (TINA)Showcase EventWelcomeIan White8 January 2010, Cambridge

2. The Challenges of Airport InfrastructureHave advanced greatly in recent years

3. Demand for IT infrastructure is immense

4. Hard to remember what it used to be like!Source: African Capital Airport, 2008

5. The Challenges of Airport InfrastructureNow require a plethora of advanced servicesThe INtelligent AirportProject AimsTo develop a next generationadvanced wired and wireless network for future airport environments

6. The INtelligent AirportProject AimsTo develop a next generationadvanced wired and wireless network for future airport environments

7. The INtelligent AirportProject AimsTo develop a next generationadvanced wired and wireless network for future airport environments

8. The INtelligent AirportProject AimsTo develop a next generationadvanced wired and wireless network for future airport environments

9. The INtelligent AirportProject Aims:To develop a next generation advanced wired and wireless network for futureairport environmentsProject Objectives:To study the feasibility of a single multi-service infrastructure to replace the many independently installed systems characteristic of current installations2. To determine new system architectures which provide dynamic capacity allocation, wireless/wired interworking and device location3. To determine new algorithms for addressing and routeing, able to operate seamlessly in a combined wired and wireless environment4. To design a new form of wireless signal distribution network where multiservice antenna units cooperate, not only to provide communication, but also to provide identification and location services5. In collaboration with our industrial partners, to define and build small proof of principle demonstrators using the proposed architectures and technologies

10. The INtelligent AirportProject Aims:To develop a next generation advanced wired and wireless network for futureairport environmentsProject Objectives:To study the feasibility of a single multi-service infrastructure to replace the many independently installed systems characteristic of current installations2. To determine new system architectures which provide dynamic capacity allocation, wireless/wired interworking and device location3. To determine new algorithms for addressing and routeing, able to operate seamlessly in a combined wired and wireless environment4. To design a new form of wireless signal distribution network where multiservice antenna units cooperate, not only to provide communication, but also to provide identification and location services5. In collaboration with our industrial partners, to define and build small proof of principle demonstrators using the proposed architectures and technologies

11. The Applications Challenge

12. The Applications ChallengeServices to be supported in airport environment (mean data rates):1,000 Fixed and 500 Mobile Video Cameras - 10 Gb/s500 Displays - 10 Gb/s500 Biometric Scanners - 10 Gb/sPrivate and Public Fixed and Wireless LAN - 20 Gb/sCellular services - 10 Gb/sTETRA and private radio - 0.5 Gb/sPassive RFID - 0.2 Gb/s Active locatable RFID - 5 Gb/sAggregate Mean Rate 65.7 Gb/s, assumed Aggregate Peak Rate 100 Gb/sandThe system must be upgradeable, scalable, resilient and secure

13. Current Airport InstallationsMain Hub HubBase StationCellular/PCS/PagersTetra/PDAs/Private RadioAntennaUnitAntennaUnitWireless Coverage AreaMain Hub HubCellular Operator 2Base StationCellular/PCS/PagersTetra/PDAs/Private RadioAntennaUnitAntennaUnitIT ClosetX nAccessPointAccessPointEthernet switch< 100m802.11WLANServerFixed EthernetIT Equipment Room(s)

14. First Phase Airport NetworkIT RoomRfID AntennaUnitAntennaUnitSingle Wired/Wireless InfrastructureCentral UnitsWLAN, Cellular RFID CoverageCellular OperatorsAntennaUnitAntennaUnitWLAN, Cellular RFID CoverageDataServerSplitter/Combiner UnitSplitter/Combiner Unit

15. The INtelligent AirportProject Aims:To develop a next generation advanced wired and wireless network for futureairport environmentsProject Objectives:To study the feasibility of a single multi-service infrastructure to replace the many independently installed systems characteristic of current installationsTo determine new system architectures which provide dynamic capacity allocation, wireless/wired interworking and device location - To do this we need to understand how people use airports - And where their communication requirements are - The first aspect of the work is therefore to develop a flow model

16. System Architecture StudiesPassenger flow and data traffic models leading to spatial distribution of bandwidth requirements in the terminalGenetic algorithm optimisation to identify optimum number, capacity and location of BS/AU given the highly variable traffic demand in this application Load balancing among BS using Relay NodesNetwork design tool

18. The INtelligent AirportProject Aims:To develop a next generation advanced wired and wireless network for futureairport environmentsProject Objectives:To study the feasibility of a single multi-service infrastructure to replace the many independently installed systems characteristic of current installations2. To determine new system architectures which provide dynamic capacity allocation, wireless/wired interworking and device location3. To determine new algorithms for addressing and routeing, able to operate seamlessly in a combined wired and wireless environment4. To design a new form of wireless signal distribution network where multiservice antenna units cooperate, not only to provide communication, but also to provide identification and location services5. In collaboration with our industrial partners, to define and build small proof of principle demonstrators using the proposed architectures and technologies

19. The Network ScenarioThe Airport Network must be protocol agnosticEthernet good base as it is ubiquitous, butPoor scalabilityRSTP makes inefficient use of the network resourcesOur solution - A Modified Ethernet which must:be compatible with standard Ethernet end nodesroute more intelligently (shortest paths; failure avoidance)be more scalable

20. The solution: MOOSEMulti-layer Origin-Organised Scalable EthernetIntroduce hierarchy into MAC addressesswitch ID : node IDAddresses rewritten by switchesSwitches only need track switch IDs not entire addressesLimit now ~8000 switches not ~8000 nodesSay 100 nodes connected to each switch=> 100 fold scalability improvementTransparent to standard Ethernet end nodesNow being implemented

21. The INtelligent AirportProject Aims:To develop a next generation advanced wired and wireless network for futureairport environmentsProject Objectives:To study the feasibility of a single multi-service infrastructure to replace the many independently installed systems characteristic of current installations2. To determine new system architectures which provide dynamic capacity allocation, wireless/wired interworking and device location3. To determine new algorithms for addressing and routeing, able to operate seamlessly in a combined wired and wireless environment4. To design a new form of wireless signal distribution network where multiservice antenna units cooperate, not only to provide communication, but also to provide identification and location services5. In collaboration with our industrial partners, to define and build small proof of principle demonstrators using the proposed architectures and technologies

22. Multi-Service Radio Distribution Network First demonstration of communicationsand sensing functions over single DAS

23. Active RFID TrackingMeasured output frequency variation with time.Battery powered Analog Devices AD9910 direct digital synthesizer (DDS) evaluation board.Programmed FM chirp from 216.5 MHz to 300 MHz with 900 MHz sampling clock.900 MHzClockBandpass filtered and amplifiedDDS output spectrumFrequency (Hz)Fundamental chirpImage chirps

24. Active Tag Location Results Summary30 measurements taken @ each of 30 chosen locationsMean error distance: 1.1 m or better @ 29 out of 30 locationsOverall positional error: 0.72 m RMSUpper no.: Mean error distance (m)Lower no.: Standard deviation (m)

25. DAS system-64-66-60-68-70-80-70-90-100Received power (dBm)-72-110-120-74-130-140-76-150-78-16010-80864624-8202-20-4(m)(m)Passive Tag – 3 Antenna DASfor Coverage ExtensionOptimum DAS settings improves the read location success rate to 100% in a 100 m2 grid (room size limited)

26. AU3RxTxZinwave HubIntel R1000 FirmwareDAS ProcessingIntel R1000RxAU2Intel Transceiver R1000AU1AU3AU2Alien TagTagAlien TagTagAlien TagTagAlien TagTagAlien TagTagAU1RxTxDAS RFID SystemTx

27. Demonstration of a Passive RFID Tracking/Location System

28. P R O G R A M M E1000 Welcome and Overview of the TINA Project: Ian White, Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge1020 Project Advances (FW11) RF Bandwidth Mapping: An Airport Simulator: Jaafar Elmirghani MOOSE: A new scalable network infrastructure: Jon Crowcroft Tracking using Active RFID tags: Alwyn Seeds/Paul Brennan Passive RFID airport applications: Richard Penty Discussion1140 The Hong Kong TINA Project: Dr Henry Chan, Hong Kong Polytechnic University1200 Tour of Demonstrators Room (FW26)1300 Lunch and Close (FW09)