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Virtual	
  Design	
  Master	
  
Challenge	
  4	
  –Beyond	
  the	
  Clouds	
  
Timothy	
  J.	
  Patterson	
  
ABSTRACT	
  
Now	
  that	
  we	
  have	
  successfully	
  established	
  ourselves	
  in	
  our	
  temporary	
  Moon	
  base	
  
and	
  fortified	
  what	
  is	
  left	
  of	
  the	
  island	
  nations	
  on	
  Earth,	
  we	
  must	
  now	
  focus	
  solely	
  on	
  
our	
  final	
  destination	
  –	
  Mars.	
  	
  An	
  infrastructure	
  must	
  be	
  build	
  to	
  support	
  our	
  
environments.	
  	
  Power,	
  space,	
  and	
  cooling	
  are	
  all	
  very	
  limited	
  for	
  this	
  journey.	
  
	
   	
  
  2	
  
Table	
  of	
  Contents	
  
1.	
   Purpose	
  and	
  Overview	
  .........................................................................................	
  3	
  
1.1.	
   Executive	
  Summary	
  ......................................................................................................................................	
  3	
  
1.2.	
   Summary	
  Analysis	
  ........................................................................................................................................	
  3	
  
1.3.	
   Intended	
  Audience	
  ........................................................................................................................................	
  3	
  
1.4.	
   Requirements	
  ..................................................................................................................................................	
  3	
  
1.4.1	
   Availability	
  ....................................................................................................................................................	
  3	
  
1.4.2	
   Maintainability	
  ...........................................................................................................................................	
  3	
  
1.4.3	
   Integrity	
  ..........................................................................................................................................................	
  4	
  
1.4.4	
   Reliability	
  .......................................................................................................................................................	
  4	
  
1.4.5	
   Safety	
  ................................................................................................................................................................	
  4	
  
1.4.6	
   Scalability	
  .......................................................................................................................................................	
  5	
  
1.4.7	
   Automation	
  ....................................................................................................................................................	
  5	
  
1.5.	
   Constraints	
  .......................................................................................................................................................	
  5	
  
1.6.	
   Risks	
  ....................................................................................................................................................................	
  6	
  
1.7.	
   Assumptions	
  ....................................................................................................................................................	
  6	
  
2.	
   Architecture	
  Design	
  ..............................................................................................	
  7	
  
2.1.	
   Physical	
  Design	
  ..............................................................................................................................................	
  7	
  
2.2.	
   Logical	
  Design	
  .................................................................................................................................................	
  7	
  
2.2.1	
   Parent	
  Host	
  Layout	
  ....................................................................................................................................	
  7	
  
2.2.2	
   vSphere	
  Design	
  .............................................................................................................................................	
  9	
  
2.2.3	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  Preparation	
  ...............................................................................................................	
  11	
  
2.2.4	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  Provider	
  Datacenter	
  ..............................................................................................	
  11	
  
2.2.5	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  External	
  Networking	
  .............................................................................................	
  12	
  
2.2.6	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  Network	
  Pool	
  ............................................................................................................	
  12	
  
2.2.7	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  Organization	
  Virtual	
  Datacenter	
  .....................................................................	
  12	
  
2.2.8	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  Edge	
  Gateway	
  ...........................................................................................................	
  13	
  
2.2.9	
   Reporting:	
  	
  vCenter	
  Orchestrator	
  .....................................................................................................	
  14	
  
2.3	
   Virtual	
  Application	
  Design	
  ......................................................................................................................	
  14	
  
3.	
   Future	
  Deployment	
  Guidelines	
  ............................................................................	
  14	
  
3.1.	
   Future	
  Architecture	
  ...................................................................................................................................	
  15	
  
3.2.	
   An	
  Eye	
  Towards	
  the	
  Future	
  ...................................................................................................................	
  15	
  
Access	
  Instructions	
  /	
  Server	
  <-­‐>	
  IP	
  Mappings	
  ..............................................................	
  16	
  
	
  
	
   	
  
  3	
  
1.	
   Purpose	
  and	
  Overview	
  
	
  
1.1. Executive	
  Summary	
  
	
  
Now	
  that	
  we	
  have	
  successfully	
  established	
  ourselves	
  in	
  our	
  temporary	
  Moon	
  base	
  
and	
  fortified	
  what	
  is	
  left	
  of	
  the	
  island	
  nations	
  on	
  Earth,	
  we	
  must	
  now	
  focus	
  solely	
  on	
  
our	
  final	
  destination	
  –	
  Mars.	
  	
  An	
  infrastructure	
  must	
  be	
  build	
  to	
  support	
  our	
  
environments.	
  	
  Power,	
  space,	
  and	
  cooling	
  are	
  all	
  very	
  limited	
  for	
  this	
  journey.	
  	
  This	
  
infrastructure	
  must	
  be	
  built	
  in	
  such	
  a	
  way	
  that	
  it	
  will	
  continue	
  to	
  be	
  suitable	
  once	
  
we	
  are	
  permanently	
  settled	
  on	
  the	
  red	
  planet.	
  	
  The	
  systems	
  will	
  be	
  connected	
  to	
  a	
  
new	
  environment	
  called	
  “The	
  Elysium	
  Grid”,	
  which	
  will	
  be	
  the	
  foundation	
  of	
  the	
  new	
  
Martian	
  infrastructure.	
  
1.2. Summary	
  Analysis	
  
	
  
1.3. Intended	
  Audience	
  
	
  
This	
  document	
  is	
  aimed	
  at	
  the	
  unfortunate	
  IT	
  professionals	
  who	
  drew	
  the	
  shortest	
  
straw	
  from	
  the	
  bunch	
  and	
  have	
  to	
  administer	
  this	
  environment	
  within	
  these	
  nearly	
  
impossible	
  constraints.	
  
	
  
1.4. Requirements	
  
	
  
This	
  design	
  must	
  run	
  on	
  a	
  single	
  Dell	
  PowerEdge	
  M610	
  server	
  with	
  16GB	
  of	
  RAM,	
  a	
  
single	
  quad-­‐core	
  Xeon	
  E5506	
  processor,	
  and	
  a	
  single	
  250GB	
  hard	
  drive.	
  	
  
Additionally,	
  this	
  design	
  must	
  incorporate	
  vCenter,	
  vCloud	
  Director,	
  vCenter	
  
Orchestrator,	
  and	
  must	
  run	
  entirely	
  on	
  virtual	
  distributed	
  switches.	
  	
  This	
  is	
  all	
  done	
  
to	
  support	
  a	
  critical	
  application	
  that	
  includes	
  both	
  a	
  Linux	
  and	
  a	
  Windows	
  
component.	
  	
  This	
  environment	
  will	
  utilize	
  VXLAN	
  to	
  provide	
  a	
  virtualized	
  network,	
  
as	
  well	
  as	
  Docker	
  for	
  application	
  layer	
  abstraction.	
  
	
  
1.4.1. Availability	
  
	
  
Given	
  the	
  constraints,	
  there	
  is	
  no	
  way	
  to	
  guarantee	
  uptime,	
  however	
  the	
  design	
  
must	
  make	
  every	
  effort	
  to	
  remain	
  available	
  at	
  all	
  times	
  when	
  possible.	
  
	
  
R001	
   “Best	
  effort”	
  uptime	
  must	
  be	
  a	
  priority.	
  
	
  
1.4.2. Maintainability	
  
	
  
  4	
  
Maintainability	
  must	
  be	
  ensured.	
  	
  Since	
  we	
  are	
  dealing	
  with	
  many	
  different	
  
components,	
  there	
  are	
  many	
  moving	
  parts	
  to	
  this	
  design.	
  	
  Documentation	
  is	
  a	
  must	
  
have	
  tool	
  for	
  ongoing	
  system	
  maintainability.	
  	
  This	
  is	
  especially	
  true	
  once	
  our	
  
permanent	
  home	
  is	
  established	
  on	
  Mars	
  and	
  the	
  infrastructure	
  will	
  be	
  
interconnected	
  with	
  that	
  of	
  the	
  other	
  ships.	
  
	
  
R002	
   Must	
  be	
  able	
  to	
  understand	
  all	
  of	
  the	
  components	
  of	
  the	
  existing	
  
infrastructure.	
  
R003	
   Design	
  must	
  be	
  documented	
  properly.	
  
	
  
1.4.3	
   Integrity	
  
	
  
System	
  integrity	
  ensures	
  that	
  adds	
  /	
  moves	
  /	
  changes	
  are	
  not	
  done	
  on	
  production	
  
systems.	
  	
  Unfortunately	
  for	
  us,	
  we	
  have	
  no	
  room	
  for	
  error,	
  as	
  this	
  environment	
  is	
  a	
  
single	
  production	
  deployment.	
  	
  As	
  such,	
  a	
  change	
  control	
  board	
  procedure	
  is	
  
imperative.	
  	
  A	
  change	
  log	
  should	
  also	
  be	
  kept	
  so	
  that	
  adverse	
  changes	
  can	
  be	
  easily	
  
reverted.	
  
	
  
	
  
R004	
   A	
  change	
  log	
  should	
  be	
  kept	
  to	
  ensure	
  adverse	
  changes	
  can	
  be	
  
reverted.	
  
R005	
   A	
  change	
  control	
  board	
  must	
  be	
  established	
  and	
  ALL	
  changes	
  must	
  be	
  
approved.	
  
	
  
1.4.4	
   Reliability	
  
	
  
Reliability	
  of	
  the	
  infrastructure	
  must	
  be	
  guaranteed.	
  	
  The	
  weight	
  of	
  meeting	
  this	
  goal	
  
falls	
  onto	
  the	
  infrastructure	
  engineers	
  and	
  the	
  local	
  implementation	
  teams.	
  	
  These	
  
people	
  must	
  take	
  all	
  of	
  the	
  necessary	
  precautions	
  to	
  ensure	
  the	
  infrastructure	
  runs	
  
without	
  errors.	
  
	
  
R006	
   A	
  peer-­‐based	
  design	
  review	
  process	
  needs	
  to	
  be	
  put	
  into	
  place.	
  
R007	
   Infrastructure	
  component	
  configurations	
  must	
  be	
  audited	
  before	
  
placing	
  into	
  production.	
  
	
  
1.4.5	
   Safety	
  
	
  
Since	
  this	
  entire	
  infrastructure	
  is	
  contained	
  within	
  a	
  single	
  physical	
  server,	
  we	
  must	
  
never	
  allow	
  anyone	
  to	
  power	
  down,	
  touch,	
  breathe	
  on,	
  or	
  even	
  think	
  about	
  this	
  
physical	
  machine.	
  	
  It	
  must	
  be	
  protected	
  with	
  our	
  lives	
  at	
  all	
  costs.	
  	
  The	
  only	
  
exception	
  for	
  this	
  is	
  emergency	
  maintenance.	
  	
  Emergency	
  maintenance	
  must	
  only	
  
take	
  place	
  after	
  passing	
  a	
  majority	
  vote	
  and	
  should	
  be	
  performed	
  with	
  the	
  hands	
  of	
  
our	
  local	
  brain	
  surgeon.	
  
  5	
  
	
  
R008	
   Physical	
  security	
  is	
  a	
  top	
  priority.	
  
R009	
   A	
  brain	
  surgeon	
  must	
  be	
  among	
  our	
  ship’s	
  population.	
  
	
  
1.4.6	
   Scalability	
  
	
  
This	
  design	
  must	
  have	
  the	
  ability	
  to	
  scale	
  up	
  and	
  out	
  once	
  we	
  reach	
  our	
  final	
  
destination	
  on	
  Mars.	
  	
  In	
  order	
  to	
  achieve	
  this,	
  the	
  design	
  must	
  be	
  implemented	
  with	
  
forethought	
  and	
  be	
  built	
  with	
  common	
  tools.	
  	
  Both	
  Linux	
  and	
  Windows	
  are	
  in	
  use	
  
powering	
  the	
  target	
  applications.	
  
	
  
R010	
   The	
  design	
  must	
  support	
  integrating	
  with	
  other	
  deployments	
  of	
  its	
  
kind.	
  
R011	
   The	
  design	
  must	
  be	
  able	
  to	
  scale	
  out	
  by	
  supporting	
  the	
  addition	
  of	
  
more	
  hardware.	
  
R012	
   The	
  design	
  must	
  be	
  able	
  to	
  scale	
  up	
  by	
  adding	
  more	
  resources	
  to	
  the	
  
existing	
  hardware.	
  
R013	
   The	
  system	
  must	
  support	
  Linux	
  and	
  Windows	
  on	
  all	
  hypervisors	
  
used.	
  
	
  
1.4.7	
   Automation	
  
	
  
In	
  order	
  to	
  ensure	
  the	
  infrastructure	
  is	
  operating	
  to	
  the	
  best	
  of	
  its	
  ability,	
  the	
  design	
  
should	
  take	
  advantage	
  of	
  an	
  automated	
  workflow	
  that	
  checks	
  and	
  reports	
  on	
  key	
  
metrics.	
  	
  This	
  will	
  help	
  us	
  determine	
  the	
  health	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  as	
  a	
  whole.	
  
	
  
R014	
   The	
  system	
  must	
  use	
  vCenter	
  Orchestrator	
  to	
  generate	
  an	
  automatic	
  
health	
  report.	
  
	
  
1.5.	
   Constraints	
  
	
  
C001	
   The	
  infrastructure	
  must	
  be	
  deployed	
  on	
  the	
  provided	
  single	
  physical	
  
server.	
  
	
   Everything	
  must	
  run	
  within	
  16GB	
  of	
  RAM.	
  	
  It	
  is	
  all	
  we	
  have	
  folks!	
  
C002	
   The	
  infrastructure	
  must	
  use	
  a	
  nested	
  deployment	
  of	
  vSphere	
  hosts.	
  
	
   Because	
  nesting	
  is	
  a	
  very	
  cool	
  and	
  very	
  powerful	
  technique!	
  
C003	
   Only	
  production	
  software	
  can	
  be	
  used.	
  
	
   Sorry,	
  vSphere	
  version	
  5.5.5	
  (created	
  by	
  the	
  VDM	
  team)	
  cannot	
  be	
  used!	
  
C004	
   The	
  architecture	
  must	
  include	
  vCenter	
  Server.	
  
	
   We	
  will	
  need	
  it	
  to	
  manage	
  this	
  environment!	
  
C005	
   The	
  architecture	
  must	
  include	
  vCloud	
  Director.	
  
	
   vCloud	
  Director	
  is	
  the	
  bomb-­‐diggity!	
  
  6	
  
C006	
   The	
  architecture	
  must	
  use	
  vCenter	
  Orchestrator.	
  
	
   Because	
  Melissa	
  said	
  so.	
  
C007	
   All	
  networks	
  must	
  exist	
  on	
  Distributed	
  Virtual	
  Switches.	
  
	
   To	
  cause	
  problems	
  and	
  make	
  me	
  lose	
  two	
  days	
  to	
  troubleshooting…	
  
C008	
   The	
  environment	
  must	
  contain	
  at	
  least	
  two	
  active,	
  accessible	
  guests.	
  	
  One	
  
must	
  be	
  Linux,	
  the	
  other	
  Windows.	
  
	
   No	
  reason	
  to	
  be	
  hatin’	
  on	
  one	
  OS	
  over	
  another!	
  
C009	
   VXLAN	
  must	
  be	
  used	
  in	
  the	
  host	
  environment.	
  
	
   This	
  supports	
  ultimate	
  portability	
  and	
  will	
  aid	
  us	
  in	
  the	
  future.	
  
C010	
   Docker	
  must	
  be	
  used	
  to	
  host	
  the	
  application.	
  
	
   This	
  will	
  allow	
  us	
  to	
  move	
  our	
  container	
  to	
  a	
  similar,	
  but	
  different	
  host	
  in	
  
the	
  future.	
  
C011	
   We	
  only	
  have	
  a	
  /29	
  of	
  public	
  IP	
  space	
  available	
  to	
  us.	
  
	
   Makes	
  me	
  wonder	
  where	
  all	
  the	
  IPv4	
  addresses	
  have	
  gone	
  with	
  the	
  Earth	
  
in	
  shambles…	
  
	
  
1.6.	
   Risks	
  
	
  
I001	
   This	
  entire	
  infrastructure	
  resides	
  on	
  a	
  single	
  physical	
  server.	
  
	
   This	
  is	
  ambitious,	
  dangerous,	
  challenging,	
  and	
  a	
  pain	
  in	
  the	
  behind	
  all	
  at	
  
the	
  same	
  time.	
  
I002	
   Again,	
  this	
  entire	
  infrastructure	
  resides	
  on	
  a	
  single	
  physical	
  server.	
  
	
   If	
  any	
  part	
  of	
  the	
  hardware	
  dies,	
  we	
  are	
  seriously	
  screwed!	
  
I003	
   The	
  hardware	
  may	
  not	
  be	
  powerful	
  enough	
  to	
  run	
  the	
  given	
  application.	
  
	
   I	
  am	
  very	
  grateful	
  that	
  we	
  have	
  16GB	
  RAM	
  to	
  work	
  with	
  instead	
  of	
  the	
  
original	
  12GB!	
  
	
  
1.7.	
   Assumptions	
  
	
  
A001	
   The	
  available	
  hardware	
  is	
  on	
  the	
  VMware	
  HCL.	
  
	
   The	
  hardware	
  provided	
  to	
  us	
  must	
  be	
  supported	
  with	
  our	
  hypervisor.	
  
A002	
   All	
  equipment	
  in	
  this	
  design	
  is	
  new	
  and	
  validated	
  to	
  function	
  
properly.	
  
	
   The	
  equipment	
  has	
  run	
  for	
  1	
  week.	
  	
  All	
  tests	
  were	
  passed	
  without	
  issue.	
  
A003	
   The	
  hardware	
  has	
  been	
  certified	
  to	
  run	
  given	
  our	
  environmental	
  
constraints.	
  
	
   The	
  hardware	
  has	
  adequate	
  cooling	
  and	
  power	
  within	
  its	
  container.	
  
A004	
   Infrastructure	
  team	
  will	
  not	
  do	
  software	
  development.	
  
	
   A	
  separate	
  team	
  exists	
  to	
  maintain	
  the	
  application	
  stack	
  and	
  deploy	
  it	
  to	
  
the	
  provided	
  infrastructure.	
  
	
  
  7	
  
2. Architecture	
  Design	
  
	
  
Within	
  this	
  section	
  the	
  production	
  deployment	
  that	
  has	
  been	
  built	
  will	
  be	
  described.	
  
2.1. Physical	
  Design	
  
	
  
The	
  physical	
  design	
  for	
  this	
  environment	
  is	
  very	
  simple.	
  	
  	
  The	
  lab	
  itself	
  is	
  built	
  upon	
  
a	
  single	
  Dell	
  PowerEdge	
  M610	
  server	
  with	
  the	
  following	
  specs:	
  
	
  
• 1	
  x	
  Intel	
  Xeon	
  E5506	
  CPU	
  
o Running	
  at	
  2.13GHz	
  
o 4	
  cores	
  per	
  socket	
  
o 4	
  logical	
  processors	
  (not	
  hyperthreaded)	
  
• 16GB	
  RAM	
  
• 230GB	
  hard	
  drive	
  -­‐-­‐	
  single	
  disk,	
  no	
  RAID	
  
• 1	
  x	
  1Gbps	
  NIC	
  
o Connected	
  to	
  a	
  public,	
  Internet	
  facing	
  network	
  
o A	
  /29	
  has	
  been	
  allocated	
  for	
  our	
  use	
  
	
  
2.2. Logical	
  Design	
  
	
  
While	
  the	
  physical	
  design	
  for	
  this	
  environment	
  is	
  simple,	
  the	
  logical	
  design	
  is	
  very	
  
complicated.	
  	
  Buckle	
  your	
  seatbelts	
  and	
  hang	
  on	
  for	
  the	
  ride!	
  
	
  
2.2.1	
   Parent	
  Host	
  Layout	
  
	
  
The	
  parent	
  host	
  (the	
  physical	
  server)	
  is	
  running	
  a	
  Dell-­‐customized	
  version	
  of	
  ESXi	
  
5.5	
  installed	
  onto	
  its	
  local	
  disk.	
  	
  The	
  remainder	
  of	
  the	
  local	
  disk	
  has	
  been	
  
provisioned	
  into	
  a	
  single	
  datastore	
  named	
  ‘local-­‐parent01’.	
  
	
  
To	
  enable	
  use	
  of	
  the	
  nested	
  ESXi	
  hosts,	
  the	
  appropriate	
  CPU	
  flags	
  have	
  been	
  enabled	
  
in	
  the	
  BIOS	
  and	
  are	
  allowed	
  to	
  pass	
  into	
  the	
  nested	
  hosts.	
  	
  	
  
	
  
The	
  following	
  virtual	
  machines	
  exist	
  and	
  are	
  running	
  on	
  the	
  parent	
  host:	
  
	
  
• core.vsphere.guru	
  
o Windows	
  Server	
  2012	
  R2	
  
o This	
  VM	
  provides	
  DHCP,	
  DNS,	
  NAT,	
  and	
  VPN	
  access	
  to	
  the	
  
management	
  network.	
  	
  It	
  also	
  home	
  to	
  the	
  vCenter	
  Orchestrator	
  
portion	
  of	
  the	
  environment.	
  
o 2	
  vCPUs	
  
o 2	
  GB	
  RAM	
  
o 20	
  GB	
  hard	
  disk,	
  thin	
  provisioned	
  
o Connected	
  to	
  the	
  dvManagement	
  and	
  dvPublic	
  networks	
  
  8	
  
	
  
• nfs.vsphere.guru	
  
o CentOS	
  6.5	
  64-­‐bit,	
  minimal	
  installation	
  
o This	
  VM	
  has	
  been	
  allocated	
  a	
  100GB	
  portion	
  of	
  the	
  local-­‐parent01	
  
datastore.	
  	
  Its	
  sole	
  purpose	
  is	
  to	
  expose	
  this	
  storage	
  to	
  the	
  rest	
  of	
  the	
  
environment	
  via	
  the	
  NFS	
  protocol.	
  
o 1	
  vCPU	
  
o 512	
  MB	
  RAM	
  
o 10	
  GB	
  hard	
  disk	
  for	
  OS,	
  thin	
  provisioned	
  
o 100	
  GB	
  hard	
  disk	
  for	
  shared	
  storage,	
  thick	
  provisioned	
  
o Connected	
  to	
  the	
  dvManagement	
  network	
  
	
  
• vcenter01.vsphere.guru	
  
o vCenter	
  Server	
  Appliance	
  
o This	
  VM	
  provides	
  a	
  single	
  point	
  of	
  management	
  for	
  the	
  raw	
  VM	
  
environment	
  and	
  acts	
  as	
  the	
  central	
  hub	
  to	
  the	
  entire	
  infrastructure.	
  
o 2	
  vCPUs	
  
o 4	
  GB	
  RAM	
  
o 130	
  GB	
  hard	
  disk,	
  thin	
  provisioned	
  
o Connected	
  to	
  the	
  dvManagement	
  network	
  
	
  
• vsm.vsphere.guru	
  
o vShield	
  Manager	
  Appliance	
  
o This	
  VM	
  provides	
  the	
  management	
  of	
  the	
  vShield	
  infrastructure.	
  	
  It	
  is	
  
responsible	
  for	
  the	
  configuration	
  and	
  orchestration	
  of	
  the	
  network	
  
virtualization	
  (VXLAN)	
  deployment	
  and	
  edge	
  services.	
  
o 2	
  vCPUs	
  
o 1	
  GB	
  RAM	
  
o 60	
  GB	
  hard	
  disk,	
  thin	
  provisioned	
  
o Connected	
  to	
  the	
  dvManagement	
  network	
  
	
  
• vcd.vsphere.guru	
   	
  
o vCloud	
  Director	
  Appliance	
  
o This	
  VM	
  powers	
  the	
  entire	
  vCloud	
  Director	
  portion	
  of	
  the	
  
infrastructure.	
  	
  It	
  takes	
  advantage	
  of	
  the	
  resources	
  provided	
  by	
  the	
  
nested	
  ESXi	
  hosts	
  and	
  the	
  VCSA	
  and	
  VSM	
  appliances.	
  
o 1	
  vCPU	
  
o 2.5	
  GB	
  RAM	
  
o 30	
  GB	
  hard	
  disk,	
  thin	
  provisioned	
  
o Connected	
  to	
  the	
  dvManagement	
  network	
  
	
  
• nested01.vsphere.guru	
  
o Nested	
  ESXi	
  5.5	
  host.	
  
o This	
  VM	
  is	
  used	
  to	
  provide	
  resources	
  to	
  the	
  vCloud	
  Director	
  
environment	
  
  9	
  
o 2	
  vCPUs	
  
o 4	
  GB	
  RAM	
  
o 20	
  GB	
  hard	
  disk,	
  thin	
  provisioned	
  
o Connected	
  to	
  the	
  dvManagement	
  and	
  dvPublic	
  networks	
  
	
  
• nested02.vsphere.guru	
  
o Nested	
  ESXi	
  5.5	
  host.	
  
o This	
  VM	
  is	
  used	
  to	
  provide	
  resources	
  to	
  the	
  vCloud	
  Director	
  
environment	
  
o 2	
  vCPUs	
  
o 4	
  GB	
  RAM	
  
o 20	
  GB	
  hard	
  disk,	
  thin	
  provisioned	
  
o Connected	
  to	
  the	
  dvManagement	
  and	
  dvPublic	
  networks	
  
	
  
2.2.2	
   vSphere	
  Design	
  
	
  
The	
  vSphere	
  design	
  is	
  relatively	
  simple.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
• A	
  single	
  datacenter	
  object	
  exists,	
  Elysium-­‐01	
  
• There	
  are	
  two	
  logical	
  clusters:	
  
o Management:	
  	
  Contains	
  all	
  of	
  the	
  VMs	
  that	
  power	
  the	
  services	
  
required	
  by	
  the	
  infrastructure.	
  
  10	
  
o Resources:	
  	
  Contains	
  the	
  nested	
  ESXi	
  hosts	
  that	
  power	
  the	
  vApps	
  
residing	
  within	
  vCloud	
  Director.	
  
• DRS	
  is	
  enabled	
  on	
  both	
  clusters	
  to	
  aid	
  with	
  initial	
  placement	
  and	
  load	
  
balancing	
  within	
  the	
  Resources	
  cluster	
  (set	
  to	
  fully	
  automatic).	
  
• HA	
  is	
  not	
  used	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  lack	
  of	
  redundant	
  hosts	
  in	
  this	
  environment.	
  
• Shared	
  storage	
  is	
  provided	
  by	
  the	
  nfs.vsphere.guru	
  VM.	
  	
  	
  
o There	
  is	
  a	
  single	
  datastore	
  named	
  ‘NFS-­‐01’	
  that	
  is	
  mounted	
  by	
  all	
  ESXi	
  
hosts	
  in	
  the	
  environment.	
  
o The	
  datastore	
  has	
  been	
  tagged	
  and	
  set	
  up	
  with	
  a	
  sample	
  storage	
  
profile.	
  	
  This	
  enables	
  its	
  use	
  within	
  vCloud	
  Director.	
  
• Host	
  networking	
  exists	
  purely	
  on	
  distributed	
  virtual	
  switches	
  with	
  the	
  parent	
  
host	
  and	
  the	
  nested	
  hosts	
  connected	
  to	
  them:	
  
o vDS-­‐Management:	
  	
  Provides	
  ESXi	
  host	
  interconnectivity	
  and	
  is	
  only	
  
for	
  backend	
  management	
  purposes.	
  	
  No	
  physical	
  uplinks	
  exist	
  for	
  this	
  
switch.	
  
o vDS-­‐Public:	
  	
  Provides	
  access	
  to	
  the	
  public	
  Internet	
  network	
  via	
  the	
  
parent	
  host’s	
  single	
  physical	
  uplink.	
  	
  This	
  vDS	
  is	
  utilized	
  by	
  vShield	
  
Manager	
  to	
  provide	
  virtual	
  datacenter	
  networking	
  to	
  vApps	
  running	
  
in	
  vCloud	
  Director.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
It	
  is	
  very	
  important	
  to	
  understand	
  that	
  all	
  resources	
  spawn	
  from	
  the	
  single	
  physical	
  
host:	
  
	
  
  11	
  
	
  
	
  
2.2.3	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  Preparation	
  
	
  
vShield	
  Manager	
  (‘vsm’)	
  has	
  been	
  deployed	
  and	
  connected	
  to	
  ‘vcenter01’.	
  	
  
Additionally,	
  the	
  ‘Resources’	
  cluster	
  has	
  been	
  through	
  the	
  VXLAN	
  preparation	
  
process.	
  
	
  
The	
  vCloud	
  Director	
  appliance	
  has	
  been	
  deployed	
  and	
  connected	
  to	
  both	
  ‘vcenter01’	
  
and	
  ‘vsm’.	
  
2.2.4	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  Provider	
  Datacenter	
  
	
  
vCloud	
  Director	
  has	
  been	
  configured	
  with	
  a	
  single	
  provider	
  datacenter	
  (PVDC),	
  
named	
  ‘Elysium01-­‐PVDC’.	
  	
  This	
  PVDC	
  has	
  been	
  allocated	
  all	
  resources	
  found	
  in	
  the	
  
‘Resources’	
  cluster	
  in	
  vSphere.	
  
	
  
This	
  equates	
  to	
  a	
  total	
  resource	
  pool	
  of:	
  
• CPU:	
  	
  4.94	
  GHZ	
  
• Memory:	
  	
  2.55	
  GB	
  
• Storage:	
  	
  98	
  GB	
  
	
  
  12	
  
Since	
  only	
  ESXi	
  5.5	
  is	
  used	
  within	
  the	
  environment,	
  the	
  highest	
  supported	
  hardware	
  
version	
  for	
  VMs	
  has	
  been	
  set	
  to	
  10.	
  
	
  
2.2.5	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  External	
  Networking	
  
	
  
An	
  external	
  network	
  named	
  ‘Public-­‐Internet’	
  has	
  been	
  defined.	
  	
  This	
  definition	
  
connects	
  with	
  the	
  ‘dvPublic’	
  portgroup	
  (residing	
  on	
  the	
  vDS-­‐Public	
  distributed	
  
switch).	
  
	
  
Three	
  IP	
  addresses	
  from	
  our	
  /29	
  allocation	
  have	
  been	
  configured	
  for	
  use	
  with	
  this	
  
network.	
  	
  	
  
	
  
This	
  external	
  network	
  will	
  allow	
  the	
  VMs	
  running	
  in	
  the	
  vCloud	
  environment	
  to	
  
access	
  the	
  Internet.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
2.2.6	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  Network	
  Pool	
  
	
  
A	
  network	
  pool	
  named	
  ‘Elysium01-­‐PVDC-­‐VXLAN-­‐NP’	
  was	
  automatically	
  created	
  as	
  
part	
  of	
  the	
  external	
  networking	
  provisioning	
  process.	
  	
  This	
  network	
  pool	
  is	
  backed	
  
by	
  VXLAN	
  technology	
  and	
  is	
  fully	
  visible	
  within	
  the	
  vShield	
  Manager	
  appliance.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
2.2.7	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  Organization	
  Virtual	
  Datacenter	
  
	
  
An	
  organization	
  named	
  ‘MartianPeeps’	
  was	
  created.	
  	
  This	
  organization	
  defines	
  a	
  
single	
  administrative	
  user	
  named	
  ‘martian’.	
  
	
  
Additionally,	
  a	
  virtual	
  datacenter	
  (VDC)	
  was	
  provisioned	
  for	
  ‘MartianPeeps’,	
  named	
  
‘MartianVDC-­‐01’.	
  
	
  
  13	
  
This	
  VDC	
  was	
  statically	
  allocated	
  2	
  GHz	
  of	
  CPU	
  power	
  and	
  1.5	
  GB	
  of	
  RAM.	
  	
  This	
  
leaves	
  enough	
  overhead	
  in	
  the	
  PVDC	
  for	
  the	
  necessary	
  vShield	
  Edge	
  appliance	
  
deployment	
  that	
  will	
  be	
  mentioned	
  later.	
  
	
  
The	
  VDC	
  is	
  a	
  member	
  of	
  the	
  ‘Elysium01-­‐PVDC-­‐VXLAN-­‐NP’	
  network	
  pool.	
  	
  A	
  virtual	
  
subnet	
  (10.10.10.0/24)	
  exists	
  for	
  this	
  VDC	
  within	
  this	
  network	
  pool.	
  
	
  
A	
  catalog	
  has	
  been	
  created	
  and	
  assigned	
  to	
  this	
  VDC.	
  	
  Its	
  use	
  in	
  our	
  deployment	
  is	
  
limited	
  to	
  hosting	
  virtual	
  media	
  ISO	
  files.	
  
	
  
2.2.8	
   vCloud	
  Design:	
  	
  Edge	
  Gateway	
  
	
  
When	
  the	
  ‘MartianVDC-­‐01’	
  virtual	
  datacenter	
  was	
  provisioned	
  and	
  joined	
  to	
  its	
  
network	
  pool,	
  vShield	
  Manager	
  coordinated	
  the	
  deployment	
  of	
  a	
  vShield	
  Edge	
  
appliance.	
  	
  This	
  appliance	
  acts	
  as	
  a	
  gateway	
  for	
  our	
  virtualized	
  network.	
  
	
  
The	
  appliance	
  has	
  been	
  assigned	
  the	
  IP	
  address	
  of	
  10.10.10.1.	
  	
  It	
  has	
  been	
  
configured	
  to	
  provide	
  DHCP	
  and	
  NAT	
  services	
  to	
  the	
  VMs	
  residing	
  within	
  the	
  VDC.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
In	
  order	
  to	
  provide	
  the	
  NAT	
  service,	
  a	
  SNAT	
  rule	
  was	
  created.	
  	
  This	
  rule	
  ties	
  together	
  
a	
  source	
  range	
  of	
  internal	
  IP	
  addresses	
  and	
  an	
  IP	
  address	
  that	
  has	
  been	
  sub-­‐
  14	
  
allocated	
  out	
  of	
  the	
  public	
  IP	
  pool	
  attached	
  to	
  our	
  public	
  network.	
  	
  Additionally,	
  the	
  
firewall	
  has	
  been	
  disabled	
  for	
  simplicity	
  (in	
  a	
  production	
  environment	
  the	
  firewall	
  
rules	
  should	
  be	
  granularly	
  configured).	
  
	
  
2.2.9	
   Reporting:	
  	
  vCenter	
  Orchestrator	
  
	
  
A	
  very	
  simple	
  vCenter	
  Orchestrator	
  workflow	
  has	
  been	
  established	
  that	
  will	
  check	
  
the	
  amount	
  of	
  active	
  and	
  free	
  memory	
  for	
  parent01.vsphere.guru	
  and	
  write	
  the	
  
values	
  to	
  a	
  file	
  for	
  later	
  inspection.	
  	
  This	
  is	
  just	
  to	
  sample	
  the	
  capabilities	
  of	
  vCenter	
  
Orchestrator	
  itself.	
  
	
  
2.3	
   Virtual	
  Application	
  Design	
  
	
  
While	
  it	
  is	
  outside	
  of	
  the	
  scope	
  of	
  this	
  document	
  to	
  detail	
  how	
  the	
  application	
  works,	
  
it	
  is	
  fully	
  within	
  our	
  realm	
  to	
  describe	
  the	
  vApp	
  container	
  that	
  houses	
  the	
  VMs	
  that	
  
the	
  application	
  will	
  live	
  upon.	
  
	
  
A	
  single	
  vApp	
  named	
  ‘vApp_SaveManKind’	
  has	
  been	
  provisioned.	
  	
  It	
  contains	
  the	
  
following	
  two	
  VMs:	
  
	
  
• Linux01:	
  
o 1vCPU	
  
o 512	
  MB	
  RAM	
  
o 1	
  NIC:	
  	
  connected	
  to	
  the	
  ‘Martian-­‐VDC-­‐Network-­‐01’	
  network	
  
o 10	
  GB	
  hard	
  disk	
  
• Windows01:	
  
o 1vCPU	
  
o 1	
  GB	
  RAM	
  
o 1	
  NIC:	
  	
  connected	
  to	
  the	
  ‘Martian-­‐VDC-­‐Network-­‐01’	
  network	
  
o 10	
  GB	
  hard	
  disk	
  
	
  
The	
  VM	
  ‘Linux01’	
  hosts	
  a	
  Docker	
  container	
  for	
  our	
  application	
  to	
  reside	
  upon.	
  	
  For	
  
illustration	
  purposes	
  a	
  simple	
  command-­‐line	
  shell	
  has	
  been	
  opened	
  within	
  a	
  Docker	
  
container.	
  
3. Future	
  Deployment	
  Guidelines	
  
	
  
Due	
  to	
  the	
  constraints	
  presented	
  in	
  this	
  environment	
  a	
  lot	
  of	
  “standard”	
  design	
  
practices	
  were	
  bypassed	
  in	
  order	
  to	
  produce	
  a	
  working	
  environment.	
  
	
  
Many	
  single	
  points	
  of	
  failure	
  exist	
  within	
  this	
  design:	
  	
  the	
  single	
  physical	
  server,	
  the	
  
omission	
  of	
  the	
  HA	
  feature	
  within	
  vSphere,	
  a	
  single	
  node	
  for	
  vCenter	
  Server,	
  etc.	
  	
  
  15	
  
When	
  we	
  finally	
  arrive	
  on	
  Mars	
  we	
  will	
  want	
  to	
  transform	
  this	
  environment	
  into	
  
something	
  much	
  more	
  sustainable	
  so	
  that	
  our	
  future	
  will	
  be	
  preserved.	
  
	
  
3.1.	
   Future	
  Architecture	
  
	
  
While	
  the	
  components	
  to	
  production	
  architecture	
  were	
  mostly	
  all	
  represented	
  in	
  
this	
  environment,	
  the	
  resiliency	
  was	
  not.	
  	
  In	
  a	
  production	
  deployment,	
  single	
  points	
  
of	
  failure	
  cannot	
  exist.	
  
	
  
With	
  that	
  said,	
  in	
  the	
  future	
  we	
  must	
  eliminate	
  all	
  single	
  points	
  of	
  failure	
  by	
  adding	
  
additional	
  hardware	
  and	
  taking	
  action	
  to	
  ensure	
  critical	
  servers	
  and	
  services	
  are	
  
running	
  at	
  all	
  times.	
  
	
  
This	
  infrastructure	
  design	
  supports	
  both	
  scaling	
  up	
  and	
  scaling	
  out.	
  	
  More	
  powerful	
  
hardware	
  will	
  greatly	
  improve	
  overall	
  performance	
  within	
  this	
  environment,	
  
however	
  the	
  scale	
  up	
  model	
  alone	
  does	
  not	
  fix	
  our	
  redundancy	
  problems.	
  
	
  
The	
  design	
  can	
  easily	
  scale	
  out	
  simply	
  by	
  adding	
  more	
  hosts	
  to	
  the	
  ‘Resources’	
  
cluster.	
  	
  A	
  fact	
  that	
  is	
  perhaps	
  more	
  important	
  though,	
  this	
  design	
  can	
  be	
  consumed	
  
into	
  a	
  much	
  larger	
  vCloud	
  deployment	
  with	
  little	
  effort.	
  	
  Likewise,	
  it	
  can	
  consume	
  
other	
  vCloud	
  cells.	
  
	
  
The	
  use	
  of	
  abstraction	
  technologies	
  like	
  VXLAN	
  for	
  networking	
  and	
  Docker	
  for	
  
applications	
  enables	
  great	
  portability	
  via	
  encapsulation.	
  	
  The	
  flexibility	
  generated	
  
allows	
  us	
  to	
  deploy	
  our	
  environment	
  in	
  nearly	
  any	
  scenario	
  that	
  the	
  future	
  may	
  
hold.	
  
	
  
3.2.	
   An	
  Eye	
  Towards	
  the	
  Future	
  
	
  
The	
  future	
  is	
  always	
  a	
  great	
  unknown.	
  	
  It	
  is	
  my	
  sincere	
  hope	
  that	
  mankind	
  will	
  
survive	
  and	
  thrive	
  in	
  the	
  Martian	
  environment.	
  	
  Thankfully	
  the	
  plague	
  of	
  the	
  
zombies	
  is	
  behind	
  us	
  once	
  and	
  for	
  all!	
  
	
  
As	
  we	
  prepare	
  ourselves	
  to	
  design	
  and	
  maintain	
  the	
  infrastructure	
  of	
  the	
  future	
  it	
  is	
  
very	
  important	
  that	
  we	
  continue	
  to	
  seek	
  out	
  the	
  elite	
  engineers	
  from	
  our	
  population.	
  	
  
After	
  all,	
  we	
  owe	
  our	
  lives	
  and	
  our	
  future	
  to	
  a	
  very	
  talented	
  Virtual	
  Design	
  Master!	
  
	
  
I	
  leave	
  you	
  with	
  one	
  word:	
  	
  Godspeed.	
  
	
   	
  
  16	
  
Access	
  Instructions	
  /	
  Server	
  <-­‐>	
  IP	
  Mappings	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
The	
  password	
  used	
  throughout	
  the	
  entire	
  infrastructure	
  is:	
  	
  G0dSp33d	
  
	
  
There	
  is	
  a	
  PPTP	
  VPN	
  set	
  up	
  that	
  allows	
  you	
  to	
  access	
  core.vsphere.guru.	
  	
  It	
  is	
  
actually	
  resolvable	
  in	
  DNS	
  from	
  the	
  Internet.	
  
	
  
Use	
  the	
  username	
  ‘Administrator’	
  and	
  point	
  your	
  OS’s	
  VPN	
  client	
  to:	
  	
  
core.vsphere.guru	
  
	
  
(Note:	
  	
  This	
  works	
  on	
  both	
  Mac	
  OS	
  X	
  and	
  Windows	
  Vista+)	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
Alternatively,	
  core.vsphere.guru	
  has	
  RDP	
  enabled.	
  	
  You	
  can	
  access	
  it	
  via	
  the	
  client	
  of	
  
your	
  choice,	
  however,	
  be	
  prepared	
  for	
  the	
  experience	
  to	
  be	
  rather…	
  slow.	
  
	
   	
  
  17	
  
	
  
	
  
Once	
  you	
  are	
  logged	
  in,	
  you	
  can	
  access	
  the	
  following	
  servers	
  via	
  DNS	
  or	
  IP:	
  
	
  
Server	
  /	
  DNS:	
   IP:	
   Username:	
   Password:	
   Notes:	
  
core	
   204.10.110.197	
  
/	
  10.0.0.1	
  
Administrator	
   G0dSp33d	
   RDP	
  &	
  PPTP	
  
VPN	
  accessible	
  
vcenter01	
   10.0.0.5	
   root	
  &	
  
Administrator	
  
G0dSp33d	
   	
  
nfs	
   10.0.0.2	
   root	
   G0dSp33d	
   	
  
parent01	
   204.10.110.193	
  
/	
  10.0.0.10	
  
root	
   G0dSp33d	
   	
  
vcd	
   10.0.0.50	
   Administrator	
   G0dSp33d	
   	
  
vsm	
   10.0.0.52	
   Admin	
   G0dSp33d	
   	
  
nested01	
   10.0.0.80	
   root	
   G0dSp33d	
   	
  
nested02	
   10.0.0.81	
   root	
   G0dSp33d	
   	
  
	
  
Note:	
  	
  parent01	
  has	
  a	
  public,	
  external	
  IP.	
  	
  This	
  was	
  for	
  “emergency”	
  purposed	
  only	
  
and	
  is	
  not	
  mentioned	
  throughout	
  the	
  design.	
  
	
  
BareMetalCloud	
  credentials:	
  	
  vdm2	
  /	
  bhXQ2TAM	
  
	
  
	
  

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  • 1.   Virtual  Design  Master   Challenge  4  –Beyond  the  Clouds   Timothy  J.  Patterson   ABSTRACT   Now  that  we  have  successfully  established  ourselves  in  our  temporary  Moon  base   and  fortified  what  is  left  of  the  island  nations  on  Earth,  we  must  now  focus  solely  on   our  final  destination  –  Mars.    An  infrastructure  must  be  build  to  support  our   environments.    Power,  space,  and  cooling  are  all  very  limited  for  this  journey.      
  • 2.   2   Table  of  Contents   1.   Purpose  and  Overview  .........................................................................................  3   1.1.   Executive  Summary  ......................................................................................................................................  3   1.2.   Summary  Analysis  ........................................................................................................................................  3   1.3.   Intended  Audience  ........................................................................................................................................  3   1.4.   Requirements  ..................................................................................................................................................  3   1.4.1   Availability  ....................................................................................................................................................  3   1.4.2   Maintainability  ...........................................................................................................................................  3   1.4.3   Integrity  ..........................................................................................................................................................  4   1.4.4   Reliability  .......................................................................................................................................................  4   1.4.5   Safety  ................................................................................................................................................................  4   1.4.6   Scalability  .......................................................................................................................................................  5   1.4.7   Automation  ....................................................................................................................................................  5   1.5.   Constraints  .......................................................................................................................................................  5   1.6.   Risks  ....................................................................................................................................................................  6   1.7.   Assumptions  ....................................................................................................................................................  6   2.   Architecture  Design  ..............................................................................................  7   2.1.   Physical  Design  ..............................................................................................................................................  7   2.2.   Logical  Design  .................................................................................................................................................  7   2.2.1   Parent  Host  Layout  ....................................................................................................................................  7   2.2.2   vSphere  Design  .............................................................................................................................................  9   2.2.3   vCloud  Design:    Preparation  ...............................................................................................................  11   2.2.4   vCloud  Design:    Provider  Datacenter  ..............................................................................................  11   2.2.5   vCloud  Design:    External  Networking  .............................................................................................  12   2.2.6   vCloud  Design:    Network  Pool  ............................................................................................................  12   2.2.7   vCloud  Design:    Organization  Virtual  Datacenter  .....................................................................  12   2.2.8   vCloud  Design:    Edge  Gateway  ...........................................................................................................  13   2.2.9   Reporting:    vCenter  Orchestrator  .....................................................................................................  14   2.3   Virtual  Application  Design  ......................................................................................................................  14   3.   Future  Deployment  Guidelines  ............................................................................  14   3.1.   Future  Architecture  ...................................................................................................................................  15   3.2.   An  Eye  Towards  the  Future  ...................................................................................................................  15   Access  Instructions  /  Server  <-­‐>  IP  Mappings  ..............................................................  16        
  • 3.   3   1.   Purpose  and  Overview     1.1. Executive  Summary     Now  that  we  have  successfully  established  ourselves  in  our  temporary  Moon  base   and  fortified  what  is  left  of  the  island  nations  on  Earth,  we  must  now  focus  solely  on   our  final  destination  –  Mars.    An  infrastructure  must  be  build  to  support  our   environments.    Power,  space,  and  cooling  are  all  very  limited  for  this  journey.    This   infrastructure  must  be  built  in  such  a  way  that  it  will  continue  to  be  suitable  once   we  are  permanently  settled  on  the  red  planet.    The  systems  will  be  connected  to  a   new  environment  called  “The  Elysium  Grid”,  which  will  be  the  foundation  of  the  new   Martian  infrastructure.   1.2. Summary  Analysis     1.3. Intended  Audience     This  document  is  aimed  at  the  unfortunate  IT  professionals  who  drew  the  shortest   straw  from  the  bunch  and  have  to  administer  this  environment  within  these  nearly   impossible  constraints.     1.4. Requirements     This  design  must  run  on  a  single  Dell  PowerEdge  M610  server  with  16GB  of  RAM,  a   single  quad-­‐core  Xeon  E5506  processor,  and  a  single  250GB  hard  drive.     Additionally,  this  design  must  incorporate  vCenter,  vCloud  Director,  vCenter   Orchestrator,  and  must  run  entirely  on  virtual  distributed  switches.    This  is  all  done   to  support  a  critical  application  that  includes  both  a  Linux  and  a  Windows   component.    This  environment  will  utilize  VXLAN  to  provide  a  virtualized  network,   as  well  as  Docker  for  application  layer  abstraction.     1.4.1. Availability     Given  the  constraints,  there  is  no  way  to  guarantee  uptime,  however  the  design   must  make  every  effort  to  remain  available  at  all  times  when  possible.     R001   “Best  effort”  uptime  must  be  a  priority.     1.4.2. Maintainability    
  • 4.   4   Maintainability  must  be  ensured.    Since  we  are  dealing  with  many  different   components,  there  are  many  moving  parts  to  this  design.    Documentation  is  a  must   have  tool  for  ongoing  system  maintainability.    This  is  especially  true  once  our   permanent  home  is  established  on  Mars  and  the  infrastructure  will  be   interconnected  with  that  of  the  other  ships.     R002   Must  be  able  to  understand  all  of  the  components  of  the  existing   infrastructure.   R003   Design  must  be  documented  properly.     1.4.3   Integrity     System  integrity  ensures  that  adds  /  moves  /  changes  are  not  done  on  production   systems.    Unfortunately  for  us,  we  have  no  room  for  error,  as  this  environment  is  a   single  production  deployment.    As  such,  a  change  control  board  procedure  is   imperative.    A  change  log  should  also  be  kept  so  that  adverse  changes  can  be  easily   reverted.       R004   A  change  log  should  be  kept  to  ensure  adverse  changes  can  be   reverted.   R005   A  change  control  board  must  be  established  and  ALL  changes  must  be   approved.     1.4.4   Reliability     Reliability  of  the  infrastructure  must  be  guaranteed.    The  weight  of  meeting  this  goal   falls  onto  the  infrastructure  engineers  and  the  local  implementation  teams.    These   people  must  take  all  of  the  necessary  precautions  to  ensure  the  infrastructure  runs   without  errors.     R006   A  peer-­‐based  design  review  process  needs  to  be  put  into  place.   R007   Infrastructure  component  configurations  must  be  audited  before   placing  into  production.     1.4.5   Safety     Since  this  entire  infrastructure  is  contained  within  a  single  physical  server,  we  must   never  allow  anyone  to  power  down,  touch,  breathe  on,  or  even  think  about  this   physical  machine.    It  must  be  protected  with  our  lives  at  all  costs.    The  only   exception  for  this  is  emergency  maintenance.    Emergency  maintenance  must  only   take  place  after  passing  a  majority  vote  and  should  be  performed  with  the  hands  of   our  local  brain  surgeon.  
  • 5.   5     R008   Physical  security  is  a  top  priority.   R009   A  brain  surgeon  must  be  among  our  ship’s  population.     1.4.6   Scalability     This  design  must  have  the  ability  to  scale  up  and  out  once  we  reach  our  final   destination  on  Mars.    In  order  to  achieve  this,  the  design  must  be  implemented  with   forethought  and  be  built  with  common  tools.    Both  Linux  and  Windows  are  in  use   powering  the  target  applications.     R010   The  design  must  support  integrating  with  other  deployments  of  its   kind.   R011   The  design  must  be  able  to  scale  out  by  supporting  the  addition  of   more  hardware.   R012   The  design  must  be  able  to  scale  up  by  adding  more  resources  to  the   existing  hardware.   R013   The  system  must  support  Linux  and  Windows  on  all  hypervisors   used.     1.4.7   Automation     In  order  to  ensure  the  infrastructure  is  operating  to  the  best  of  its  ability,  the  design   should  take  advantage  of  an  automated  workflow  that  checks  and  reports  on  key   metrics.    This  will  help  us  determine  the  health  of  the  system  as  a  whole.     R014   The  system  must  use  vCenter  Orchestrator  to  generate  an  automatic   health  report.     1.5.   Constraints     C001   The  infrastructure  must  be  deployed  on  the  provided  single  physical   server.     Everything  must  run  within  16GB  of  RAM.    It  is  all  we  have  folks!   C002   The  infrastructure  must  use  a  nested  deployment  of  vSphere  hosts.     Because  nesting  is  a  very  cool  and  very  powerful  technique!   C003   Only  production  software  can  be  used.     Sorry,  vSphere  version  5.5.5  (created  by  the  VDM  team)  cannot  be  used!   C004   The  architecture  must  include  vCenter  Server.     We  will  need  it  to  manage  this  environment!   C005   The  architecture  must  include  vCloud  Director.     vCloud  Director  is  the  bomb-­‐diggity!  
  • 6.   6   C006   The  architecture  must  use  vCenter  Orchestrator.     Because  Melissa  said  so.   C007   All  networks  must  exist  on  Distributed  Virtual  Switches.     To  cause  problems  and  make  me  lose  two  days  to  troubleshooting…   C008   The  environment  must  contain  at  least  two  active,  accessible  guests.    One   must  be  Linux,  the  other  Windows.     No  reason  to  be  hatin’  on  one  OS  over  another!   C009   VXLAN  must  be  used  in  the  host  environment.     This  supports  ultimate  portability  and  will  aid  us  in  the  future.   C010   Docker  must  be  used  to  host  the  application.     This  will  allow  us  to  move  our  container  to  a  similar,  but  different  host  in   the  future.   C011   We  only  have  a  /29  of  public  IP  space  available  to  us.     Makes  me  wonder  where  all  the  IPv4  addresses  have  gone  with  the  Earth   in  shambles…     1.6.   Risks     I001   This  entire  infrastructure  resides  on  a  single  physical  server.     This  is  ambitious,  dangerous,  challenging,  and  a  pain  in  the  behind  all  at   the  same  time.   I002   Again,  this  entire  infrastructure  resides  on  a  single  physical  server.     If  any  part  of  the  hardware  dies,  we  are  seriously  screwed!   I003   The  hardware  may  not  be  powerful  enough  to  run  the  given  application.     I  am  very  grateful  that  we  have  16GB  RAM  to  work  with  instead  of  the   original  12GB!     1.7.   Assumptions     A001   The  available  hardware  is  on  the  VMware  HCL.     The  hardware  provided  to  us  must  be  supported  with  our  hypervisor.   A002   All  equipment  in  this  design  is  new  and  validated  to  function   properly.     The  equipment  has  run  for  1  week.    All  tests  were  passed  without  issue.   A003   The  hardware  has  been  certified  to  run  given  our  environmental   constraints.     The  hardware  has  adequate  cooling  and  power  within  its  container.   A004   Infrastructure  team  will  not  do  software  development.     A  separate  team  exists  to  maintain  the  application  stack  and  deploy  it  to   the  provided  infrastructure.    
  • 7.   7   2. Architecture  Design     Within  this  section  the  production  deployment  that  has  been  built  will  be  described.   2.1. Physical  Design     The  physical  design  for  this  environment  is  very  simple.      The  lab  itself  is  built  upon   a  single  Dell  PowerEdge  M610  server  with  the  following  specs:     • 1  x  Intel  Xeon  E5506  CPU   o Running  at  2.13GHz   o 4  cores  per  socket   o 4  logical  processors  (not  hyperthreaded)   • 16GB  RAM   • 230GB  hard  drive  -­‐-­‐  single  disk,  no  RAID   • 1  x  1Gbps  NIC   o Connected  to  a  public,  Internet  facing  network   o A  /29  has  been  allocated  for  our  use     2.2. Logical  Design     While  the  physical  design  for  this  environment  is  simple,  the  logical  design  is  very   complicated.    Buckle  your  seatbelts  and  hang  on  for  the  ride!     2.2.1   Parent  Host  Layout     The  parent  host  (the  physical  server)  is  running  a  Dell-­‐customized  version  of  ESXi   5.5  installed  onto  its  local  disk.    The  remainder  of  the  local  disk  has  been   provisioned  into  a  single  datastore  named  ‘local-­‐parent01’.     To  enable  use  of  the  nested  ESXi  hosts,  the  appropriate  CPU  flags  have  been  enabled   in  the  BIOS  and  are  allowed  to  pass  into  the  nested  hosts.         The  following  virtual  machines  exist  and  are  running  on  the  parent  host:     • core.vsphere.guru   o Windows  Server  2012  R2   o This  VM  provides  DHCP,  DNS,  NAT,  and  VPN  access  to  the   management  network.    It  also  home  to  the  vCenter  Orchestrator   portion  of  the  environment.   o 2  vCPUs   o 2  GB  RAM   o 20  GB  hard  disk,  thin  provisioned   o Connected  to  the  dvManagement  and  dvPublic  networks  
  • 8.   8     • nfs.vsphere.guru   o CentOS  6.5  64-­‐bit,  minimal  installation   o This  VM  has  been  allocated  a  100GB  portion  of  the  local-­‐parent01   datastore.    Its  sole  purpose  is  to  expose  this  storage  to  the  rest  of  the   environment  via  the  NFS  protocol.   o 1  vCPU   o 512  MB  RAM   o 10  GB  hard  disk  for  OS,  thin  provisioned   o 100  GB  hard  disk  for  shared  storage,  thick  provisioned   o Connected  to  the  dvManagement  network     • vcenter01.vsphere.guru   o vCenter  Server  Appliance   o This  VM  provides  a  single  point  of  management  for  the  raw  VM   environment  and  acts  as  the  central  hub  to  the  entire  infrastructure.   o 2  vCPUs   o 4  GB  RAM   o 130  GB  hard  disk,  thin  provisioned   o Connected  to  the  dvManagement  network     • vsm.vsphere.guru   o vShield  Manager  Appliance   o This  VM  provides  the  management  of  the  vShield  infrastructure.    It  is   responsible  for  the  configuration  and  orchestration  of  the  network   virtualization  (VXLAN)  deployment  and  edge  services.   o 2  vCPUs   o 1  GB  RAM   o 60  GB  hard  disk,  thin  provisioned   o Connected  to  the  dvManagement  network     • vcd.vsphere.guru     o vCloud  Director  Appliance   o This  VM  powers  the  entire  vCloud  Director  portion  of  the   infrastructure.    It  takes  advantage  of  the  resources  provided  by  the   nested  ESXi  hosts  and  the  VCSA  and  VSM  appliances.   o 1  vCPU   o 2.5  GB  RAM   o 30  GB  hard  disk,  thin  provisioned   o Connected  to  the  dvManagement  network     • nested01.vsphere.guru   o Nested  ESXi  5.5  host.   o This  VM  is  used  to  provide  resources  to  the  vCloud  Director   environment  
  • 9.   9   o 2  vCPUs   o 4  GB  RAM   o 20  GB  hard  disk,  thin  provisioned   o Connected  to  the  dvManagement  and  dvPublic  networks     • nested02.vsphere.guru   o Nested  ESXi  5.5  host.   o This  VM  is  used  to  provide  resources  to  the  vCloud  Director   environment   o 2  vCPUs   o 4  GB  RAM   o 20  GB  hard  disk,  thin  provisioned   o Connected  to  the  dvManagement  and  dvPublic  networks     2.2.2   vSphere  Design     The  vSphere  design  is  relatively  simple.           • A  single  datacenter  object  exists,  Elysium-­‐01   • There  are  two  logical  clusters:   o Management:    Contains  all  of  the  VMs  that  power  the  services   required  by  the  infrastructure.  
  • 10.   10   o Resources:    Contains  the  nested  ESXi  hosts  that  power  the  vApps   residing  within  vCloud  Director.   • DRS  is  enabled  on  both  clusters  to  aid  with  initial  placement  and  load   balancing  within  the  Resources  cluster  (set  to  fully  automatic).   • HA  is  not  used  due  to  the  lack  of  redundant  hosts  in  this  environment.   • Shared  storage  is  provided  by  the  nfs.vsphere.guru  VM.       o There  is  a  single  datastore  named  ‘NFS-­‐01’  that  is  mounted  by  all  ESXi   hosts  in  the  environment.   o The  datastore  has  been  tagged  and  set  up  with  a  sample  storage   profile.    This  enables  its  use  within  vCloud  Director.   • Host  networking  exists  purely  on  distributed  virtual  switches  with  the  parent   host  and  the  nested  hosts  connected  to  them:   o vDS-­‐Management:    Provides  ESXi  host  interconnectivity  and  is  only   for  backend  management  purposes.    No  physical  uplinks  exist  for  this   switch.   o vDS-­‐Public:    Provides  access  to  the  public  Internet  network  via  the   parent  host’s  single  physical  uplink.    This  vDS  is  utilized  by  vShield   Manager  to  provide  virtual  datacenter  networking  to  vApps  running   in  vCloud  Director.         It  is  very  important  to  understand  that  all  resources  spawn  from  the  single  physical   host:    
  • 11.   11       2.2.3   vCloud  Design:    Preparation     vShield  Manager  (‘vsm’)  has  been  deployed  and  connected  to  ‘vcenter01’.     Additionally,  the  ‘Resources’  cluster  has  been  through  the  VXLAN  preparation   process.     The  vCloud  Director  appliance  has  been  deployed  and  connected  to  both  ‘vcenter01’   and  ‘vsm’.   2.2.4   vCloud  Design:    Provider  Datacenter     vCloud  Director  has  been  configured  with  a  single  provider  datacenter  (PVDC),   named  ‘Elysium01-­‐PVDC’.    This  PVDC  has  been  allocated  all  resources  found  in  the   ‘Resources’  cluster  in  vSphere.     This  equates  to  a  total  resource  pool  of:   • CPU:    4.94  GHZ   • Memory:    2.55  GB   • Storage:    98  GB    
  • 12.   12   Since  only  ESXi  5.5  is  used  within  the  environment,  the  highest  supported  hardware   version  for  VMs  has  been  set  to  10.     2.2.5   vCloud  Design:    External  Networking     An  external  network  named  ‘Public-­‐Internet’  has  been  defined.    This  definition   connects  with  the  ‘dvPublic’  portgroup  (residing  on  the  vDS-­‐Public  distributed   switch).     Three  IP  addresses  from  our  /29  allocation  have  been  configured  for  use  with  this   network.         This  external  network  will  allow  the  VMs  running  in  the  vCloud  environment  to   access  the  Internet.         2.2.6   vCloud  Design:    Network  Pool     A  network  pool  named  ‘Elysium01-­‐PVDC-­‐VXLAN-­‐NP’  was  automatically  created  as   part  of  the  external  networking  provisioning  process.    This  network  pool  is  backed   by  VXLAN  technology  and  is  fully  visible  within  the  vShield  Manager  appliance.         2.2.7   vCloud  Design:    Organization  Virtual  Datacenter     An  organization  named  ‘MartianPeeps’  was  created.    This  organization  defines  a   single  administrative  user  named  ‘martian’.     Additionally,  a  virtual  datacenter  (VDC)  was  provisioned  for  ‘MartianPeeps’,  named   ‘MartianVDC-­‐01’.    
  • 13.   13   This  VDC  was  statically  allocated  2  GHz  of  CPU  power  and  1.5  GB  of  RAM.    This   leaves  enough  overhead  in  the  PVDC  for  the  necessary  vShield  Edge  appliance   deployment  that  will  be  mentioned  later.     The  VDC  is  a  member  of  the  ‘Elysium01-­‐PVDC-­‐VXLAN-­‐NP’  network  pool.    A  virtual   subnet  (10.10.10.0/24)  exists  for  this  VDC  within  this  network  pool.     A  catalog  has  been  created  and  assigned  to  this  VDC.    Its  use  in  our  deployment  is   limited  to  hosting  virtual  media  ISO  files.     2.2.8   vCloud  Design:    Edge  Gateway     When  the  ‘MartianVDC-­‐01’  virtual  datacenter  was  provisioned  and  joined  to  its   network  pool,  vShield  Manager  coordinated  the  deployment  of  a  vShield  Edge   appliance.    This  appliance  acts  as  a  gateway  for  our  virtualized  network.     The  appliance  has  been  assigned  the  IP  address  of  10.10.10.1.    It  has  been   configured  to  provide  DHCP  and  NAT  services  to  the  VMs  residing  within  the  VDC.                 In  order  to  provide  the  NAT  service,  a  SNAT  rule  was  created.    This  rule  ties  together   a  source  range  of  internal  IP  addresses  and  an  IP  address  that  has  been  sub-­‐
  • 14.   14   allocated  out  of  the  public  IP  pool  attached  to  our  public  network.    Additionally,  the   firewall  has  been  disabled  for  simplicity  (in  a  production  environment  the  firewall   rules  should  be  granularly  configured).     2.2.9   Reporting:    vCenter  Orchestrator     A  very  simple  vCenter  Orchestrator  workflow  has  been  established  that  will  check   the  amount  of  active  and  free  memory  for  parent01.vsphere.guru  and  write  the   values  to  a  file  for  later  inspection.    This  is  just  to  sample  the  capabilities  of  vCenter   Orchestrator  itself.     2.3   Virtual  Application  Design     While  it  is  outside  of  the  scope  of  this  document  to  detail  how  the  application  works,   it  is  fully  within  our  realm  to  describe  the  vApp  container  that  houses  the  VMs  that   the  application  will  live  upon.     A  single  vApp  named  ‘vApp_SaveManKind’  has  been  provisioned.    It  contains  the   following  two  VMs:     • Linux01:   o 1vCPU   o 512  MB  RAM   o 1  NIC:    connected  to  the  ‘Martian-­‐VDC-­‐Network-­‐01’  network   o 10  GB  hard  disk   • Windows01:   o 1vCPU   o 1  GB  RAM   o 1  NIC:    connected  to  the  ‘Martian-­‐VDC-­‐Network-­‐01’  network   o 10  GB  hard  disk     The  VM  ‘Linux01’  hosts  a  Docker  container  for  our  application  to  reside  upon.    For   illustration  purposes  a  simple  command-­‐line  shell  has  been  opened  within  a  Docker   container.   3. Future  Deployment  Guidelines     Due  to  the  constraints  presented  in  this  environment  a  lot  of  “standard”  design   practices  were  bypassed  in  order  to  produce  a  working  environment.     Many  single  points  of  failure  exist  within  this  design:    the  single  physical  server,  the   omission  of  the  HA  feature  within  vSphere,  a  single  node  for  vCenter  Server,  etc.    
  • 15.   15   When  we  finally  arrive  on  Mars  we  will  want  to  transform  this  environment  into   something  much  more  sustainable  so  that  our  future  will  be  preserved.     3.1.   Future  Architecture     While  the  components  to  production  architecture  were  mostly  all  represented  in   this  environment,  the  resiliency  was  not.    In  a  production  deployment,  single  points   of  failure  cannot  exist.     With  that  said,  in  the  future  we  must  eliminate  all  single  points  of  failure  by  adding   additional  hardware  and  taking  action  to  ensure  critical  servers  and  services  are   running  at  all  times.     This  infrastructure  design  supports  both  scaling  up  and  scaling  out.    More  powerful   hardware  will  greatly  improve  overall  performance  within  this  environment,   however  the  scale  up  model  alone  does  not  fix  our  redundancy  problems.     The  design  can  easily  scale  out  simply  by  adding  more  hosts  to  the  ‘Resources’   cluster.    A  fact  that  is  perhaps  more  important  though,  this  design  can  be  consumed   into  a  much  larger  vCloud  deployment  with  little  effort.    Likewise,  it  can  consume   other  vCloud  cells.     The  use  of  abstraction  technologies  like  VXLAN  for  networking  and  Docker  for   applications  enables  great  portability  via  encapsulation.    The  flexibility  generated   allows  us  to  deploy  our  environment  in  nearly  any  scenario  that  the  future  may   hold.     3.2.   An  Eye  Towards  the  Future     The  future  is  always  a  great  unknown.    It  is  my  sincere  hope  that  mankind  will   survive  and  thrive  in  the  Martian  environment.    Thankfully  the  plague  of  the   zombies  is  behind  us  once  and  for  all!     As  we  prepare  ourselves  to  design  and  maintain  the  infrastructure  of  the  future  it  is   very  important  that  we  continue  to  seek  out  the  elite  engineers  from  our  population.     After  all,  we  owe  our  lives  and  our  future  to  a  very  talented  Virtual  Design  Master!     I  leave  you  with  one  word:    Godspeed.      
  • 16.   16   Access  Instructions  /  Server  <-­‐>  IP  Mappings         The  password  used  throughout  the  entire  infrastructure  is:    G0dSp33d     There  is  a  PPTP  VPN  set  up  that  allows  you  to  access  core.vsphere.guru.    It  is   actually  resolvable  in  DNS  from  the  Internet.     Use  the  username  ‘Administrator’  and  point  your  OS’s  VPN  client  to:     core.vsphere.guru     (Note:    This  works  on  both  Mac  OS  X  and  Windows  Vista+)           Alternatively,  core.vsphere.guru  has  RDP  enabled.    You  can  access  it  via  the  client  of   your  choice,  however,  be  prepared  for  the  experience  to  be  rather…  slow.      
  • 17.   17       Once  you  are  logged  in,  you  can  access  the  following  servers  via  DNS  or  IP:     Server  /  DNS:   IP:   Username:   Password:   Notes:   core   204.10.110.197   /  10.0.0.1   Administrator   G0dSp33d   RDP  &  PPTP   VPN  accessible   vcenter01   10.0.0.5   root  &   Administrator   G0dSp33d     nfs   10.0.0.2   root   G0dSp33d     parent01   204.10.110.193   /  10.0.0.10   root   G0dSp33d     vcd   10.0.0.50   Administrator   G0dSp33d     vsm   10.0.0.52   Admin   G0dSp33d     nested01   10.0.0.80   root   G0dSp33d     nested02   10.0.0.81   root   G0dSp33d       Note:    parent01  has  a  public,  external  IP.    This  was  for  “emergency”  purposed  only   and  is  not  mentioned  throughout  the  design.     BareMetalCloud  credentials:    vdm2  /  bhXQ2TAM